203 research outputs found
Ethos of Independence Across Regions in the United States: The Production-Adoption Model of Cultural Change
No full textThe University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.The media can be accessed here: http://streaming.osu.edu/knowledgebank/mershon10/052410.mp4Shinobu Kitayama is professor of psychology and director of the Culture and Cognition Program at the University of Michigan. His current research focuses on cultural variations in various psychological processes such as self, cognition, emotion, and motivation as well as cultural neuroscience. He teaches courses on social psychology, cultural psychology, emotion and culture, and globalization. Kitayama is the author of the Handbook of Cultural Psychology, with Dov Cohen, (Guilford Press, 2007), The Heart’s Eye: Emotional Influences in Perception and Attention (Academic Press, 1994), and Culture and Emotion: The study of Mutual Influences, with Hazel Markus, (APA Press, 1994). His collaborative work with Hazel Markus on culture and self has had seminal influences in not only psychology but also related disciplines. In addition to serving as co-editor of numerous books, he has also published extensively in leading psychology journals, and he currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, a leading journal in personality and social psychology. Kitayama has received numerous awards and honors including fellowships from the Center for Advanced Study on Behavioral Sciences, Fulbright, and the American Psychological Society. He is also the recipient of a 2010 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship. Kitayama received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan and his M.A. and B.A. from Kyoto University.The Ohio State University. Department of PsychologyOhio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studie
Categorical effects on stimulus judgment in American and Chinese students
No full textTo investigate if cognitive processes involved in a perceptual assimilation effect might vary across cultures, the author tested American and Chinese university students in the US and China (American in the US, Chinese in the US & Chinese in China) in a category induction task. Result indicated that all three cultural groups demonstrate an assimilation effect. Importantly, however, this assimilation effect was largest for Chinese in China and smallest for Americans in the US, with Chinese in the US falling right in-between. Implications for the role of culture in basic cognition are discusse
Infrared Emission from Intracluster Dust Grains and Constraints on Dust Properties
No full textFor 117 clusters of galaxies, we explore the detectability of intracluster dust grains by current and future infrared facilities, taking into account both collisional heating and sputtering of grains by the ambient plasma. If the dust grains are injected into intergalactic space with the amount and size comparable to the Galactic values, the dust-to-gas ratio is typically 10−6 and the mean dust temperature is ∼ 30K near the cluster center. The predicted infrared intensities lie marginally above the detection thresholds for Spitzer Space Telescope, ASTRO-F, Herschel, an
Particle detection using closed-loop active model diagnosis
No full textWe demonstrate a novel closed-loop input design technique on the detection of particles in an imaging system such as a fluorescence microscope. The probability of misdiagnosis is minimized while constraining the input energy such that for instance phototoxicity is reduced. The key novelty of the closed-loop design is that each next input is designed based on the most recent information. Using updated hypothesis probabilities, the input energy distribution is optimized for detection such that unresolved pixels have increased illumination next image acquisition. As compared to conventional open-loop, the results show that (regions of) particles are diagnosed using less energy in the closed-loop approach. Besides the closed-loop approach being viable for particle detection in fluorescence microscopy measurements, it can be developed further to apply in different areas such as sequential object segmentation for reliable and efficient product inspection in Industry 4.0.Team Michel VerhaegenTeam Carlas Smit
Sunyaev-Zeldovich Fluctuations From Spatial Correlations Between Clusters Of Galaxies
No full textWe present angular power spectra of the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy due to fluctuations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect through clusters of galaxies. A contribution from the correlation among clusters, which has been neglected in previous analyses, is especially focused on. Employing the evolving linear bias factor based on the Press-Schechter formalism, we find that the clustering contribution amounts to 20%--30% of the Poissonian contribution at degree angular scales. If we exclude clusters in the local universe, it even exceeds the Poissonian noise and makes the dominant contribution to the angular power spectrum. As a concrete example, we demonstrate the subtraction of the ROSAT X-ray and Planck SZ flux-limited cluster samples. It indicates that we should include the clustering effect in the analysis of the SZ fluctuations. We further find that the degree scale spectra essentially depend upon the normalization of the density fluctuations, i.e., j 8 , and t..
Formation of subgalactic clouds under ultraviolet background radiation
No full textapplication/pdfThe effects of the ultraviolet (UV) background radiation on the formation of subgalactic clouds are studied by means of one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. The radiative transfer of the ionizing photons caused by the absorption by H I, He I, and He II, neglecting the emission, is explicitly taken into account. We find that the complete suppression of collapse occurs for the clouds with circular velocities typically in the range Vc ~ 15-40 km s-1 and the 50% reduction in the cooled gas mass with Vc ~ 20-55 km s-1. These values depend most sensitively on the collapse epoch of the cloud, the shape of the UV spectrum, and the evolution of the UV intensity. Compared with the optically thin case, previously investigated by Thoul & Weinberg in 1996, the absorption of the external UV photons by the intervening medium systematically lowers the above threshold values by ΔVc ~ 5 km s-1. Whether the gas can contract or keeps expanding is roughly determined by the balance between the gravitational force and the thermal pressure gradient when it is maximally exposed to the external UV flux. Based on our simulation results, we discuss a number of implications on galaxy formation, cosmic star formation history, and the observations of quasar absorption lines. In the Appendix, we derive analytical formulae for the photoionization coefficients and heating rates, which incorporate the frequency/direction-dependent transfer of external photons.journal articl
How intent to interact can affect action scaling of distance: reply to Wilson
No full textabstract: Soliman et al. (2013) set out to demonstrate how the bodily level of analysis can unify explanations in psychology. Our argument was that common sensorimotor mechanisms underlie many of the behavioral phenomena that are currently segregated as cognitive, social, or cultural. Toward that end, we re-characterized a cultural construct—self-construal along the dimension of independence and interdependence (Markus and Kitayama, 1991)—as reflecting degree of interaction with ethnically diverse others.View the article as published at http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00513/ful
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