1,720,954 research outputs found
REDUCTION OF Salmonella typhimurium MONOPHASIC VARIANT SHEDDING BY ADMINISTRATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL IN PIGS
No full textSalmonella Typhimurium (including S. Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i-), associated to other enteric pathogens and to other stressful factors, causes the Post Weaning Diarrhea in piglets. This disease is responsible for economic losses, for development of chronic infection and, thus, for the introduction of zoonotic bacteria into the slaughterhouse [1]. It is largely demonstrated the importance of controlling infection in farm for preventing disease in humans [2]. Furthermore, the increment of antibiotic resistance strains determines the necessity to find new control strategies, as administration of vaccines [3] or organic acids [4]. The aim of this trial was to assess the effects of organic acids and phytochemicals on controlling S. Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i- shedding.
Animals were divided in three groups. In group A (460 piglets), animals were feed with a base diet added of additive (organic acids and phytochemicals) at the concentration of 1kg/t. In group B (460 piglets), additive was added to the water at the final concentration useful to obtain a final pH value equal to 4.5 in relation to water hardness. The last group (460 piglets) was the control group. Microbiological analyses were conducted on feces and environmental swabs to evaluate Salmonella-shedding in a representative number of animals (15 ear-tagged piglets) of each group. The sample timing was: a week before arrival (T0) and at day 0 (T1), 15 (T2), 22 (T3), 43 (T4) and 57 (T5) after arrival. Serum samples were collected a week before arrival (T0) and at day 0 (T1), 15 (T2), 43 (T4) and 57 (T5) after arrival to evaluate antibody titers against Salmonella sp.
Results demonstrated that environmental swabs were positive before piglets arrival and after cleaning procedures. The shedding evidenced that animals were negative from breeding farm and started to shed Salmonella since day 15 post weaning. In treated animals (groups A and B), the shedding rapidly reduced and difference with control group was statistically significant at T5. The antibody titers reached the peak at the end of the trial, when bacterial load was extremely low especially in treated groups (A and B).
In conclusion, all pens were contaminated with S. Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i- and animals generally got infected at post weaning, one week after their arrive. Probably, the reason is that site 2 is a re-adapted farm which has severe structural problems. Nevertheless, the shedding rapidly decreased in treated groups (A and B) and bacteria load in feces was statistically different in comparison to control group at T5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The synergistic effect of organic acids, phytochemicals and a permeabilizing complex reduces Salmonella Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i-shedding in pigs
No full textSalmonella Typhimurium (including S.Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i-) and other enteric pathogens cause acute infection in
pigs during the weaning stage, often evolving into chronic infections responsible for the introduction of zoonotic bacteria
into the slaughterhouse and thus determining carcass contamination. In addition to being zoonotic hazards, these pathogens
are responsible for economic losses in affected farms. Traditionally, antibiotic treatments have been largely administered
in order to reduce the infection burden but it favored, as a direct consequence, an increase in the number of multidrug
resistance strains. In order to overcome antibiotic-resistance concerns, new alternative control strategies should be
developed. In this context, a blend of organic acids, phytochemicals and a permeabilizing complex, administered in feed
(Group A - 459 piglets) or water (Group B – 458 piglets), was tested in field conditions for its capability of reducing
Salmonella-infection in weaned piglets of an endemic farm. Data recorded were compared to results of a control group
(Group C - 456 piglets). Zootechnical parameters were recorded in all animals, while microbiological, serological and
PCR analyses were conducted in 15 piglets for each group. Results demonstrated that additive administered in feed
improved animal weight gain (better average daily gain [A.D.G.] and increment), and rapidly reduced Salmonella-shedding
in feces. Administration of additive in feed gave better results than in water
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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