1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Indirect interactions between prey : modeling and influence of the behavior of a common predator
No full textCette thèse a pour objet la modélisation de systèmes multi-proies–prédateurs. Elle s’intéresse particulièrement à l’influence du comportement d’un prédateur sur les interactions indirectes entre ses proies, i.e. l’effet de l’ajout d’une proie sur la densité des autres. La théorie classique prédit l’occurrence d’effets indirects négatifs entre les proies, ou compétition apparente, résultant de l’interaction avec un prédateur commun ; des résultats plus récents identifient certains mécanismes à même d’atténuer ces effets négatifs. Nos travaux revisitent les hypothèses autour de ces mécanismes dans des systèmes composés de deux proies et de leur prédateur commun. Après avoir fixé le cadre écologique en rappelant les principaux types d’interactions directes et indirectes, nous introduisons les modèles proies-prédateurs classiques. Les travaux se concentrent ensuite sur une famille de modèles présentant de la densité-dépendance négative chez les prédateurs couplés à différentes modélisations du comportement des prédateurs lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à plusieurs types de proies. Nous montrons notamment que les interactions entre ces mécanismes peuvent inverser la compétition apparente et, contre intuitivement, accroître la densité des proies par l’intermédiaire d’un prédateur commun. Nos résultats trouvent pour partie application en lutte biologique, où il est courant de chercher à favoriser les auxiliaires en aménageant leur environnement (apport de nourriture alternative, refuge, ...). Ils suggèrent que de telles pratiques peuvent se révéler contre-productives, le contrôle des ravageurs pouvant être affaibli du fait d’une distraction de leurs prédateurs.This thesis deals with multi-prey–predators modeling. It is particularly focused on the influence of the behavior of a predator on indirect interactions between its prey, i.e, the effect of the addition of a prey on the other prey. Classical theory predicts the occurrence of negative indirect effects between prey, or apparent competition, resulting from the interaction with a common predator. More recent results identify mechanisms that mitigate these negative effects. Our work revisits the assumptions about these mechanisms in systems composed of two prey and their common predator. After setting the ecological framework by recalling the main types of direct and indirect interactions, we introduce classical predator-prey models. The work then focuses on a family of models with predator negative density-dependence coupled with different models of predator behavior when faced with different types of prey. We show that the interactions between these mechanisms can reverse apparent competition and counter-intuitively, increase prey density through their common predator. Our results are relevant to biological control programs, where a common practice aims at fostering biological control agents by providing them with alternative food or shelters. Our theory suggests that such practices may be counter-productive, pest control being disrupted by a predator distraction effect
Des interactions indirectes entre les proies : modélisation et influence du comportement du prédateur commun
No full textThis thesis deals with multi-prey–predators modeling. It is particularly focused on the influence of the behavior of a predator on indirect interactions between its prey, i.e, the effect of the addition of a prey on the other prey. Classical theory predicts the occurrence of negative indirect effects between prey, or apparent competition, resulting from the interaction with a common predator. More recent results identify mechanisms that mitigate these negative effects. Our work revisits the assumptions about these mechanisms in systems composed of two prey and their common predator. After setting the ecological framework by recalling the main types of direct and indirect interactions, we introduce classical predator-prey models. The work then focuses on a family of models with predator negative density-dependence coupled with different models of predator behavior when faced with different types of prey. We show that the interactions between these mechanisms can reverse apparent competition and counter-intuitively, increase prey density through their common predator. Our results are relevant to biological control programs, where a common practice aims at fostering biological control agents by providing them with alternative food or shelters. Our theory suggests that such practices may be counter-productive, pest control being disrupted by a predator distraction effect.Cette thèse a pour objet la modélisation de systèmes multi-proies–prédateurs. Elle s’intéresse particulièrement à l’influence du comportement d’un prédateur sur les interactions indirectes entre ses proies, i.e. l’effet de l’ajout d’une proie sur la densité des autres. La théorie classique prédit l’occurrence d’effets indirects négatifs entre les proies, ou compétition apparente, résultant de l’interaction avec un prédateur commun ; des résultats plus récents identifient certains mécanismes à même d’atténuer ces effets négatifs. Nos travaux revisitent les hypothèses autour de ces mécanismes dans des systèmes composés de deux proies et de leur prédateur commun. Après avoir fixé le cadre écologique en rappelant les principaux types d’interactions directes et indirectes, nous introduisons les modèles proies-prédateurs classiques. Les travaux se concentrent ensuite sur une famille de modèles présentant de la densité-dépendance négative chez les prédateurs couplés à différentes modélisations du comportement des prédateurs lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à plusieurs types de proies. Nous montrons notamment que les interactions entre ces mécanismes peuvent inverser la compétition apparente et, contre intuitivement, accroître la densité des proies par l’intermédiaire d’un prédateur commun. Nos résultats trouvent pour partie application en lutte biologique, où il est courant de chercher à favoriser les auxiliaires en aménageant leur environnement (apport de nourriture alternative, refuge, ...). Ils suggèrent que de telles pratiques peuvent se révéler contre-productives, le contrôle des ravageurs pouvant être affaibli du fait d’une distraction de leurs prédateurs
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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