15 research outputs found
“TERREMOTO, PARLIAMONE INSIEME”: ATTIVITÀ INFORMATIVE NELL’AREA COLPITA DAI TERREMOTI DI MAGGIO E GIUGNO 2012 IN EMILIA ROMAGNA
No full textLa campagna “Terremoto, parliamone insieme”. Un forte terremoto genera sempre un grande bisogno di informazione e conoscenza da parte dei cittadini: sulle caratteristiche del fenomeno fisico e i suoi effetti, sui comportamenti corretti da adottare in situazioni di rischio, sulle iniziative messe in campo per superare l’emergenza. Questo bisogno è particolarmente rilevante in occasione di sequenze sismiche di lunga durata e che hanno un certo livello di complessità: l’informazione, in tutti i suoi aspetti, influisce in modo notevole sulla capacità delle singole persone e delle comunità coinvolte nell’affrontare la situazione di emergenza.
Per questa ragione, così come in occasione della sequenza sismica aquilana nel 2009 (Nostro et al., 2012), a seguito degli eventi di maggio 2012 in Emilia Romagna (20 maggio 2012 ore 02:03 UTC, ML 5.9, 29 maggio 2012 ore 07:00, ML 5.8; ore 10:55 ML 5.3; 11:00 ML 5.2) è stata realizzata la campagna “Terremoto, parliamone insieme”, una lunga e complessa iniziativa formativa e informativa, che fra maggio e agosto 2012, ha coinvolto la popolazione, in parte presente nei campi di accoglienza, gli amministratori locali, il personale della scuola, gli operatori dei servizi sanitari e sociali dei comuni colpiti dal terremoto. Questa iniziativa è stata organizzata e gestita dal Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC), l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), la Regione Emilia Romagna in collaborazione con la Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (ReLUIS), il Servizio Sanitario Regionale dell’Emilia Romagna, le amministrazioni locali e le organizzazioni di volontariato di protezione civile presenti sul territorio.
Immediatamente dopo il terremoto del 20 maggio si è costituito un gruppo di lavoro che ha individuato le problematiche che questa emergenza presentava ed ha elaborato una strategia di comunicazione adeguata ed efficace. L’obiettivo è stato quello di fornire, in modo condiviso e coordinato, le informazioni essenziali di carattere scientifico e operativo, per consentire alle persone di comprendere al meglio la situazione, favorendo una interazione positiva con l’organizzazione di protezione civile e l’adozione di comportamenti finalizzati alla riduzione del rischio durante la complessa fase di emergenza.
L’iniziativa è stata pubblicizzata tramite i siti web del DPC (www.protezionecivile.gov.it), dell’INGV (www.ingv.it), di ReLUIS (www.reluis.it), del Progetto EDURISK (www.edurisk.it) e sul blog INGVTerremoti (ingvterremoti.wordpress.com, Pignone et al., 2012). Nei primi giorni di giugno 2012, una nota informativa è stata inviata dal DPC ai Centri di Coordinamento Provinciale (CCP) delle province di Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Ferrara e Mantova al fine di raggiungere in modo capillare i sindaci dei Comuni maggiormente colpiti. Analoga informativa è stata inviata anche alle Aziende delle Unità Sanitarie Locali (AUSL) delle stesse province sia per fornire un servizio agli operatori coinvolti nella gestione dell’emergenza sia per creare una collaborazione con gli operatori del territorio in occasione di tali incontri.PublishedPotenza4T. Sismicità dell'Italia4SR TERREMOTI - Preparazione alla comunicazione in emergenza5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPC3TM. Comunicazion
"Terremoto, parliamone insieme”: attività informative nell’area colpita dai terremoti di maggio e giugno 2012 in Emilia Romagna
No full textDiscussion on data recorded by the Italian structural seismic monitoring network on three masonry structures hit by the 2016-2017 Central Italy earthquake
No full textThis paper presents an overview of the research activities developed in the framework of the ReLUIS project founded by Department of Civil Protection (DPC) in 2017 and 2018 and focused to analyze some experimental accelerations made available by the Osservatorio Sismico delle Strutture (OSS), an Italian network of permanent seismic monitoring systems
belonging to DPC. In particular, the recordings acquired by OSS on three selected masonry structures hit by the 2016/2017 Central Italy were acquired, analyzed and re-elaborated by a team of researchers from the Universities of Genoa, Chieti-Pescara, Padua, Pavia and Turin. Such structures exhibited various damage levels, from slight to near collapse, highlighting interesting issues on the identification techniques, potentiality of modelling strategies and evidences
on amplification phenomena. The available data on geometry, materials and constructive details (carefully checked and summarized in brief forms by the ReLUIS research group) together with the obtained results can be useful for future researches on this issue
The Development of Submerged Floating Tunnels as an innovative solution for waterway crossings
No full textThe present Thesis is organized in 10 chapters. In particular Chapter 1
gives a general overview of the modern solutions and technologies available
in the field of waterway crossings, introducing briefly the revolutionary
concept of Submerged Floating Tunnel.
Chapter 2 provides a deeper insight into the main characteristics of this
innovative structural solution for waterway crossings: first its structural
features are described and the relevant loading conditions discussed,
subsequently the main advantages of the SFT with respect to the traditional
crossing solutions, such as the Cable Supported Bridges and the Underground
and Immersed Tunnel are described.
Chapter 3 traces the history of the SFT, starting from its first proposal
made in 1969 for the Messina Strait crossing, describing all the feasibility
studies and preliminary designs developed all over the world in the following
years. This Chapter is concluded by a description of the Sino-Italian
cooperation programmes, involving among the other partners the University
of Naples “Federico II”, which led to a feasibility study relative to the
crossing of the Jintang Strait (P.R. of China) with a SFT and to the complete
design of the first SFT full-scale prototype, planned to be realized in the
forthcoming years in the Qiandao Lake (P.R. of China). A potential SFT
crossing in the Pulau Seribu Archipelago (Indonesia), preliminary studied in
the last years by the research team headed by Prof. Mazzolani, is also briefly
illustrated.
Chapter 4 explains in the detail of the various aspects faced in the design of
the Archimedes Bridge prototype. The features of the selected location and the
structural scheme are illustrated. The structural analyses aimed at
investigating the prototype behaviour under the environmental loads are
discussed. The conception and the design of the constructional details are
presented. Finally, the fabrication and erection procedures are briefly
described.
Chapter 5 provides a description of the structural models which can be used
to analyse the SFT structural behaviour: the beam on elastic foundation, which
2 Outline of the Thesis
can be used in the preliminary phase of the design, and a SFT Finite Element
Model.
Chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to the study of the response of the SFT to the
main environmental loads to which is subjected: the hydrodynamic actions
due to the presence of waves and currents and the earthquakes. Numerical
analyses are carried out with the Finite Element analyses aimed at the
understanding of the SFT structural behaviour and at the definition of the
optimal structural configurations.
In Chapter 8 potential SFT solutions developed for the Messina Strait and
Gibraltar Strait crossings are illustrated and a technical-economical
comparison with the Suspension Bridges designed for the same locations is
made.
Chapter 8 describes a simple procedure for a quick comparison of the SFT
and CSIB solutions with the Cable Supported Bridges one, providing useful
curves highlighting the conditions under which the former ones are more
competitive than the latter ones.
Finally, in Chapter 9 the future steps and challenges to be faced in the
development of Submerged Floating Tunnel are presented. An alternative
typology of floating tunnel is introduced too: the Cable Supported Immersed
Inversed Bridge (CSIB), which is conceived as a combination of the
submerged floating bridge concept with the cable system configurations and
features several advantages also with respect to the “traditional” SFT solution
Large transformations with moderate strains of tensile membrane structures
No full textBeatini, Valentina/0000-0002-6916-9897; Royer Carfagni, Gianni/0000-0003-4879-9846Using a classical non-linear theory, we analytically investigate possible ways for transforming the shape of a curved elastic membrane while keeping it tensioned and moderately strained. This is a critical issue because, as a rule, membranes must be considerably stretched in order to avoid wrinkling and slackening. If the final configuration is fixed, the membrane can be cut and formed according to the final shape, but this cannot be done if more configurations, considerably distant from one another, have to be achieved. Nevertheless, we propose large transformation movements that can be obtained starting from flat membranes while maintaining their strain as limited. We discuss in detail the paradigmatic example of the hyperbolic-paraboloid-shaped membrane. These opportunities are suitable for applications of transformable architecture because they do not require excessive tensioning, compatible with the strength of materials used for this kind of structures.Italian "Dipartimento della Protezione Civile" under project ReLUIS-DPCThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: G.R.C. acknowledges the partial support of the Italian "Dipartimento della Protezione Civile" under project ReLUIS-DPC 2014-2018
Machine learning-based identification of vulnerability factors for masonry buildings in aggregate: The historicalcentre of casentino hit by the 2009 l'aquila earthquake
No full textSeismic events in Italy and worldwide have highlighted the high vulnerability of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures in small historical centres. A key feature of these settlements is to be mostly composed of buildings in aggregate, i.e., interconnected by a more or less structurally effective connection. The seismic assessment of such buildings is quite debated in the literature and no shared tools procedures are currently available. The difficulty of standardization derives from the fact that structural units can be characterized by multiple features and configurations that determine a vast number of vulnerability factors, whose interdependency is not straightforward to be identified. The paper addresses this issue by combining evidence-based damage data with the potential offered by Machine Learning (ML) technique. Real data are used in combination with state-of-the-art ML algorithms carefully tuned via an advanced statistical procedure for two main purposes. The first one will be able to predict possible URM damages based on the vulnerability factor in both interpolation and extrapolation scenarios. The second purpose of the ML-based techniques will be to predict the most important vulnerability factors in making these predictions, namely to make the ML-based model explainable and informative about the underlying phenomena and not just predictive. The small historic centre of Casentino, hit by the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake, is adopted in the paper as the first test case study. A large amount of data was collected after the earthquake through in-situ surveys made by the Universities of Genova, Catania and Rome. Data include both geometric and structural factors, i.e., the input data supplied to the ML algorithm, as well as the actual seismic damage mechanisms, i.e., the output data expected to be predicted by the ML algorithm. As first application, ML techniques are applied only to data acquired on out-of-plane mechanisms.The study presented in the paper was developed within the research activities carried out in the frame of 2022-2024 ReLUIS Project – WP10 Masonry Structures (Coordinator - Prof. Guido Magenes). This project has been funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. Note that the opinions and conclusions presented by the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the funding entity.Ship Design, Production and Operation
Experimental and Analytical Study of Seismic Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction in Layered Soil Half-Space
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this recordThe dynamic interaction of pile foundations, embedded in a horizontally stratified soil profile, with superstructures under low to moderate earthquake excitation can be handled in different ways. In this article, the soil-pile-superstructure dynamic interaction problem has been investigated using the coupled finite element-boundary element method. Comparison with shaking table experiments of a small scale model pile shows a good correlation with the proposed method in terms of the kinematic response of pile foundations and the structural response. A parametric study of the proposed model has yielded important results essentially concerning the amplification factors of the pile foundation and the superstructure.The experimental results presented in the article is based on main framework of RELUIS (Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica) project funded by DPC (Italy)
Diagnosis and analysis of two king-post trusses
No full textAn accurate geometric and mechanical evaluation of two king-post trusses, based in grading
results with data gathered from NDT as well as from mechanical evaluation, followed by full-scale tests were
performed. The trusses were reassembled in laboratory and submitted to a series of cyclic tests under symmetric
and asymmetric loading. Strengthening techniques evaluated in precedents research steps were used in a second
phase of the carrying tests.The first author gratefully acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, for his PhD grant SFRH/BD/18515/2004. The research described in this paper was conducted with financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (POCI/ECM/56552/2004). This work has been carried out with a partial financial contribution of the Italian Earthquake Engineering Laboratory Network (RELUIS), within the research program carried out for the Italian Agency for Emergency Management
Engineering Reconnaissance following the October 2016 Central Italy Earthquakes. Version 2. Editors Paolo Zimmaro and Jonathan Stewart, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Reconnaissance GEER Association, Report No. GEER-050D
No full textA team from the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association, supported by the National Science Foundation, has been mobilized to investigate geotechnical and geological aspects of the destructive earthquake sequence that occurred in Central Italy during a series of significant events October 26-30, 2016, which followed prior events August 24-29, 2016. GEER responded to the initial event sequence and reports resulting from that effort are published on the GEER web site. As before, GEER will operate in close collaboration with Italian engineers and scientists. GEER is also coordinating its reconnaissance activities to coincide with those of EERI, which will be led by Dr. Silvia Mazzoni.
Giuseppe Lanzo, Professor at Sapienza University of Rome, and Jonathan P. Stewart, Professor and Chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at UCLA, are the GEER team co-leaders. The US-based GEER team members participating in the investigation are Prof. Kevin Franke (Brigham Young University), Dr. Robert E. Kayen (US Geological Survey and UCLA), and Dr. Bret Lingwall (South Dakota School of Mines and Tech.). The GEER team is part of an international coordinated effort that involves cognizant Italian agencies (i.e. National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology, INGV; Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica, ReLuis; and European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering, EUCENTRE Foundation and Italian Center for Seismic Microzonation and its Applications). Key Italian participants include: Prof. Luigi Di Sarno (ReLuis and University of Sannio), Profs. Sebastiano Foti and Filiberto Chiabrando (Politecnico di Torino), Dr. Fabrizio Galadini, Emanuela Falcucci, and Stefano Gori (INGV), Prof. Alessandro Pagliaroli (University of Chieti-Pescara), Dr. Giuseppe Scasserra and Prof. Filippo Santucci de Magistris (University of Molise), Prof. Francesco Silvestri (University of Napoli Federico II), Prof. Stefano Aversa (University of Napoli Parthenope) and MrDr. Paolo Tommasi (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome). Also contributing to the GEER effort are researchers from New Zealand (Dr. Fernando Della Pasqua, GNS Science) and United Kingdom/Greece (team led by Prof. Anastasios Sextos, University of Bristol and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki). A full list of GEER team members will be compiled following deployment to the field. The GEER team assembled for this effort is multi-disciplinary, including geology, seismology, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, and geomatics.
Based on information gathered to date, field investigations for the GEER team and collaborators have focused on: (1) substantial surface fault rupture, apparently on the Mt. Vettore fault, (2) major rockfalls and landslides, including a large slide that dammed a river; and (3) building, bridge, and other infrastructure performance in villages and hamlets throughout the region, including many that had been well documented in reconnaissance following the 24-29 August event sequence.
Earthquake engineering is an experience-driven field in which perishable data that can be used to advance our understanding should be systematically collected. The data collection will be performed using traditional mapping/observational methods and advanced imaging tools
Engineering Reconnaissance of the 24 August 2016 Central Italy Earthquake. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Reconnaissance GEER Association, Report No. GEER-050,
No full textThe central Italy earthquake occurred on 24 August 2016 at 03:36 AM local time. The magnitude is listed as M6.0 by INGV and M6.2 by USGS. Although initially reported as occurring at relatively shallow depths, the current source model from INGV places the hypocentral depth at 8 km, which is not especially shallow for shallow crustal earthquakes.
The earthquake was located in a gap between two earlier damaging events, the 1997 M6.1 Umbria-Marche earthquake to the north-west and the 2009 M6.1 L’Aquila earthquake to the south-east. This gap had been recognized prior to the event as a zone of elevated risk (GdL Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, hereafter INGV, 2016). The present event and those that preceded it occurred along the spine of the Apennine Mountain range on normal faults and had rake angles ranging from -80 to -100. Each of these events produced substantial damage to local towns and villages; the present event most strongly affected Arquata del Tronto, Accumoli, Amatrice, and Pescara del Tronto, with a loss of life as of this writing of 294, generally from collapses of unreinforced masonry dwellings.
The NSF-funded Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) association, with co-funding from the B. John Garrick Institute for the Risk Sciences at UCLA and the NSF I/UCRC Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) at BYU, mobilized a US-based team to the area from 5-9 September 2016. The US team worked in close collaboration with Italian researchers organized under the auspices of the Italian Geotechnical Society, the Italian Center for Seismic Microzonation and its Applications, the Consortium ReLUIS, Centre of Competence of Department of Civil Protection and the DIsaster RECovery Team of Politecnico di Torino. The objective of the Italy-US GEER team was to collect and document perishable data that is essential to advance knowledge of earthquake effects, which ultimately leads to improved procedures for characterization and mitigation of seismic risk.
The Italy-US GEER team was multi-disciplinary, with expertise in geology, seismology, geomatics, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering. Our approach was to combine traditional reconnaissance activities of on-ground recording and mapping of field conditions, with advanced imaging and damage detection routines enabled by state-of-the-art geomatics technology. This combination of reconnaissance techniques provides opportunities for innovative future study.
The objective of this brief report is to provide to the technical community, emergency responders, and public an account of our activities and preliminary findings in a timely way. A more complete presentation of significant aspects of this event and our detailed findings will be presented in a subsequent Version 2 report
