1,721,141 research outputs found
O significado social dos direitos fundamentais na Constituição de Weimar
No full textTradução de Bianca Tavolari</jats:p
Asbestos and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Full text linkThe link between asbestos exposure and the onset of thoracic malignancies is well established. However epidemiological studies have provided evidences that asbestos may be also involved in the development of gastrointestinal tumors, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In line with this observation, asbestos fibers have been detected in the liver of patients with ICC. Although the exact mechanism still remains unknown, the presence of asbestos fibers in the liver could be explained in the light of their translocation pathway following ingestion/inhalation. In the liver, thin and long asbestos fibers could remain trapped in the smaller bile ducts, particularly in the stem cell niche of the canals of Hering, and exerting their carcinogenic effect for a long time, thus inducing hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HpSCs) malignant transformation. In this scenario, chronic liver damage induced by asbestos fibers over the years could be seen as a classic model of stem cell-derived carcinogenesis, where HpSC malignant transformation represents the first step of this process. This phenomenon could explain the recent epidemiological findings, where asbestos exposure seems mainly involved in ICC, rather than extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, development
Mutational Landscape of Cholangiocarcinoma According to Different Etiologies: A Review
Full text linkRecent next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies on large cohorts of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients have clearly revealed the extreme intra- and inter-tumoral molecular heterogeneity that characterizes this malignancy. The lack of a stereotyped molecular signature in CCA makes the identification of actionable therapeutic targets challenging, making it mandatory to have a better understanding of the origin of such heterogeneity in order to improve the clinical outcome of these patients. Compelling evidence has shown that the CCA genomic landscape significantly differs according to anatomical subtypes and the underlying etiology, highlighting the importance of conducting molecular studies in different populations of CCA patients. Currently, some risk factors have been recognized in CCA development, while others are emerging from recent epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, the role of each etiologic factor in driving CCA genetic heterogeneity still remains unclear, and available studies are limited. In an attempt to shed more light on this issue, here we review the current literature data on the mutational spectrum of this disease according to different etiologies
Re: Effect of simvastatin on cetuximab resistance in human colorectal cancer with KRAS mutations.
No full textGenomic And Genetic Characterization of Cholangiocarcinoma Identifies Therapeutics Targets for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
No full textHave We Found the “Holy Grail” That May Predict Response to Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
No full textN/
Cholangiocarcinoma: Epidemiology and risk factors
Full text linkCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous disease arising from a complex interaction between host-specific genetic background and multiple risk factors. Globally, CCA incidence rates exhibit geographical variation, with much higher incidence in parts of the Eastern world compared to the West. These differences are likely to reflect differences in geographical risk factors as well as genetic determinants. Of note, over the past few decades, the incidence rates of CCA appear to change and subtypes of CCA appear to show distinct epidemiological trends. These trends need to be interpreted with caution given the issues of diagnosis, recording and coding of subtypes of CCA. Epidemiological evidences suggest that in general population some risk factors are less frequent but associated with a higher CCA risk, while others are more common but associated with a lower risk. Moreover, while some risk factors are shared by intrahepatic and both extrahepatic forms, others seem more specific for one of the two forms. Currently some pathological conditions have been clearly associated with CCA development, and other conditions are emerging; however, while their impact in increasing CCA risk as single etiological factors has been provided in many studies, less is known when two or more risk factors co-occur in the same patient. Moreover, despite the advancements in the knowledge of CCA aetiology, in Western countries about 50% of cases are still diagnosed without any identifiable risk factor. It is therefore conceivable that other still undefined etiologic factors are responsible for the recent increase of CCA (especially iCCA) incidence worldwide
Carcinogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma
No full textDaily clinical practice and recent molecular studies have clearly shown that primitive liver tumours are an extremely heterogeneous group of disease without a steotyped phenotype or molecular signature. Accumulated evidence strongly supports the notion that such heterogeneity stems from the existence within the liver and along the biliary tree of distinct cells of origin susceptible to diffrent risk of factos and liver injuries. Although this new scenario has yet to be fully elucidated, a new physio-pathological classification of primitive liver tumour subtypes based on different cells of origin has been rpoposed. This new classification not only responds to the urgent need to provide homogeneous diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic categories for these malignancies, but also seems more coherent with the current epidemiological data and risk factors associated with such diseases. The present chapter summarises current knowledge of the putative different cell types that may serve as cells of origin in primitive liver tumours. It also discusses the proposed new physio-pathological classification of different tumour subtypes based on these cells and it association with the current known risk fqactors for these diseases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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