1,720,956 research outputs found
Legal opium farming in India: historical and ethnographic perspectives /
Full text linkThis chapter explores legal opium farming in Madhya Pradesh, India, by focusing on legal opium farmers and the complexities of their profession. The chapter is divided into three parts. An historical overview of opium cultivation and consumption in India shows that, throughout centuries, the opium plant has been used in many different ways, including medicinal, recreational, and ritual purposes. The second part focuses on how the Indian government regulates opium cultivation and consumption. In 1985 a still valid bill was passed by the Indian government regulating contemporary opium cultivation, possession, sale, purchasing, transport, and storage. Regulation of this psychotropic substance is outdated and poorly functioning, while the number of illicit drug use or possession cases has only increased in recent years (Mehrotra 2021; Sharma et al. 2017). The third part of the chapter analyses ethnographic data (interviews, photographs and fieldwork observations) gathered in two villages in Madhya Pradesh in August 2021 and February 2022. Farmers not only explained the traditional processes of opium cultivation and the meaning they attribute to opium, but they also shared what problems they were facing in their work, most of which are related to unclear or burdensome Government policies on opium cultivation and the increasing attractiveness of the black market
Legalūs opijaus ūkiai Indijoje: istorinė ir etnografinė perspektyvos.
No full textThe object of my thesis is the historical and cultural role of opium among legal opium farmers in Madhya Pradesh, India as well as risks and issues which they face in their work. The purpose of this research is to analyse historical and ethnographic perspectives of legal opium farmers in Madhya Pradesh. Moreover, this work will help to understand the role of opium in farmers’ everyday life. My thesis is divided into three main parts. Firstly, I examine the historical part of opium prevalence and cultivation in India. Here I use historical texts, research works and articles. The analysis suggests that the opium plant, as in the past, nowadays is both legally and illegally used in many different ways including medicinal, recreational and ritual. The opium related situation in modern India examined at the end of first part serves as a transition to my next chapter where I analyse the licensing of opium farming in contemporary India. Here, I heavily rely on official documents and statistics. The legal framework of the Indian government for opium cultivation and the issues of the legal system discussed here provide an ample context for my last part of the thesis in which I present and analyse my ethnographic study. I conducted field work in two villages located in Madhya Pradesh, the main state of legal opium growing in India. In total, during two visits to the villages, I collected 6 qualitative semi-structured interviews with legal opium farmers, gathered photographic material and field observations. All the data that I have collected and analysed in the third part not only identifies the traditional processes of opium cultivation, but also marks the problems that aggravate the legal opium farmers’ work. In addition, in the last part, I present my observations and information gathered on the continued existence of the black market and illicit opium use in India for medicinal, recreational and ritual purposes. This thesis can be useful for further research on opium cultivation, prevalence in society, and its legal basis
Hippie Trail palikimas Nepale: atminties studijų perspektyva.
No full textThe paper examines the object of memory processes of the Hippie Trail in Nepal from the beginning of the phenomenon at the opening of the country in the 1950s to the present, focusing on the perspective of local residents. The complex phenomenon of the Hippie Trail depicts the migration of representatives of Western countercultures to Asian countries among which Nepal became one of the main destinations of the Trail. Thus, the paper aims to analyse how the Hippie Trail developed and from various counterculture movements as well as what memory it left among Nepali people. Additionally, it aims to investigate the phenomenon manifestations through its symbolism in contemporary Nepal. The study uses an interdisciplinary, complex methodology, which includes qualitative methods, such as: detailed life history-type interviews and (non-)visual ethnographic material analysis. A wide range of theories of memory studies and the dimension of post-colonial studies become main theoretical approaches of the research. The analysis traced the complex Easternisation of the hippie counterculture that paradoxically became the main Westernisation carrier in Nepal during the Hippie Trail. It also showed that in nowadays Nepal the Hippie Trail symbols manifests through two main currents: commercial and political reproduction of memories. The paper could be useful for analysing the impact of Hippie Trail in Nepal through memory and postcolonial perspectives as well as to studying the oral histories of both senior and younger generation of Nepali people. Moreover, study touches gender issues of the Hippie Trail that could be developed in more extensive research in gender studies field
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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