93 research outputs found
Is there fame bias in editorial choice?
No full textNature’s Correspondence items are reviewed only by the editors (see go.nature.com/cmchno). To investigate whether editorial bias towards internationally renowned correspondents might be at play in selecting candidates for publication, we analysed the scientific status
of Correspondence authors published in 2014.
We used the following pointers to gauge author reputation: faculty member in one of the world’s top 100 universities
(as listed in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings; see go.nature. com/bhgfxd); authorship of Nature or Science publications; high h index. We classed correspondents as established scholars if they fulfilled any or all of these criteria.
The number of letters published in Correspondence
in 2014 was 239, each with
one ‘corresponding author’ responsible for submission and communication with the editors. We found that 54% of these authors met some or all of our criteria. Some 13% of authors came from the developing world.
Within the limitations of our ‘fame factors’ (for example, some correspondents were well known but from outside academia)
and of sampling only the corresponding authors, we infer that scientific celebrity does not notably influence the selection of Correspondence for publication
Experimental Study and Modeling the Metabolism of Hydrogen Production in Algae-Bacteria Consortia
No full textEl hidrógeno molecular (H2) se considera una fuente de energía limpia y de alto contenido energético. La producción fotobiológica de H2 por algas verdes puede ser un método limpio y renovable para la generación de este gas. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) es una microalga verde unicelular capaz de llevar a cabo la foto-producción de H2. En este trabajo se estudia el efecto que la intensidad lumínica y diferentes fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno tienen en la producción de H2 en co-cultivos de Chlamydomonas con diferentes bacterias. El objetivo general es obtener un mejor conocimiento sobre cómo las interacciones alga-bacteria pueden mejorar la producción de H2. Primero, se estudiaron co-cultivos de Chlamydomonas con diferentes bacterias (Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli y Rhizobium etli) en medios ricos, con acetato como fuente de carbono y a tres intensidades de luz diferentes (12, 50 y 100 PPFD). El aumento de 0.87 a 18.2 ml de H2/L de cultivo fue la mayor mejora en la producción de H2 que se obtuvo cuando Chlamydomonas se cocultivó con Pseudomonas putida 12264 bajo 100 PPFD. Se obtuvieron mejoras en la producción de H2 en co-cultivos respecto a los monocultivos del alga. Estas mejoras estaban claramente relacionadas con la menor capacidad de los co-cultivos para consumir el ácido acético de los medios. Cuanto más tiempo permaneció el ácido acético en el medio, mayor fue la producción de H2. En el segundo estudio se observó que en co-cultivos incubados con azúcares como única fuente de carbono, la foto-producción de H2 por parte del alga es posible cuando las bacterias producían ácido acético. También observamos que el cocultivo de Chlamydomonas con Escherichia coli condujo a una producción sinérgica de H2 que produjo un 60% más de H2 en cocultivos en comparación con la suma de la producción en monocultivos de alga y bacteria. La acumulación de ácido acético es uno de los principales inconvenientes de la producción fermentativa de H2 llevada a cabo por bacterias. Sin embargo, este inconveniente puede convertirse en una ventaja cuando las bacterias productoras de H2 se cultivan conjuntamente con Chlamydomonas. En un tercer estudio, tres cepas de bacterias (Stenotrophomonas sp., Microbacterium sp. y Bacillus sp.) fueron aisladas e identificadas de una comunidad de bacterias silvestres. Se observó que Microbacterium es un socio bacteriano mutualista para Chlamydomonas en término de crecimiento. En medios de cultivo suplementados con azúcares y fuentes de nitrógeno inorgánico, Microbacterium no pudo crecer de forma aislada, sin embargo, sí lo pudo hacer cuando se co-cultivó con Chlamydomonas. Posiblemente el alga permite el crecimiento de Microbacterium al proporcionar nutrientes esenciales, probablemente fuentes de nitrógeno orgánico. Por otro lado, la producción de ácido acético por parte de Microbacterium, a partir de la fermentación de azúcares, favorece el crecimiento de Chlamydomonas y la fotoproducción de H2. Bajo esta cooperación, se produjo una cantidad considerable de H2, 313 ml/L de cultivo en cocultivos de Chlamydomonas-Microbacterium en medios ricos en azúcar. Finalmente, se logró un nivel aceptable de coordinación entre los resultados del modelado y los datos empíricos en términos de crecimiento, producción de H2 y absorción de ácido acético, tanto en co-cultivos de Chlamydomonas-Pseudomonas putida como en los monocultivos control. Este modelo de red metabólica basado en restricciones puede ser prometedor para predecir el comportamiento de organismos en sistemas de mono y co-cultivo.Hydrogen gas (H2) is considered a clean energy carrier with a very high energy content per mass. Photobiological production of H2 by green algae can potentially be a clean and renewable method for H2 generation. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is a model unicelular green microalga capable of H2 photoproduction. In this work we studied the effect of light intensity and different carbon and nitrogen sources on H2 production in Chlamydomonas-bacteria co-cultures to gain a better knowledge on how alga-bacteria interactions can improve H2 production. First, we studied co-cultivation of Chlamydomonas with different bacteria, including Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli and Rhizobium etli cultured in acetate-containing nutrientreplete media at three different light intensities (12, 50 and 100 PPFD). Increasing from 0.87 to 18.2 ml H2/L culture, was the highest enhancement in H2 production which was obtained when Chlamydomonas was co-cultivated with Pseudomonas putida 12264 under 100 PPFD. Enhancement of H2 production in co-cultures was clearly related to the lower capacity of these co-cultures to consume the acetic acid from the media. The longer the acetic acid remained in the media, the longer the cultures were able to sustain hypoxia and support H2 production. Then, we found out that algal H2 photoproduction is possible in Chlamydomonas-bacteria co-cultures grow on sugars as the only carbon source when acetic acid is produced by the bacteria. These results suggested that acetic acid assimilation is linked to H2 production beside its ability to promote oxygen consumption. We also observed that co-culturing Chlamydomonas with Escherichia coli led to synergetic H2 production that 60% more H2 was produced in co-cultures compared with the sum of production in alga and bacterium monocultures. The accumulation of acetic acid is one of the main drawbacks of the dark fermentative H2 production. However, this drawback could be switched into an advantage when H2 producing bacteria are co-cultivated with Chlamydomonas. In the following, three bacteria strains including Stenotrophomonas sp., Microbacterium sp. and Bacillus sp. were isolated and identified from an unknown bacteria community. Microbacterium was found to be a mutualistic bacterial partner for Chlamydomonas in term of growth. In culture media supplemented with sugars and inorganic nitrogen source, Microbacterium alone was not able to grow, however it grew when co-cultivated with Chlamydomonas. It seemed that this alga allowed Microbacterium growth by providing essential key nutrients, probably organic nitrogen sources. On the other hand, Microbacterium was able to produce acetic acid through fermentation of sugars which favors Chlamydomonas growth and H2 production. Following this cooperative relationship, a considerable amount of H2, 313 ml/L culture was produced in Chlamydomonas- Microbacterium co-cultures in sugar-rich media. Finally, an acceptable level of coordination between the results of modeling and the empirical data in terms of growth, H2 production and acetic acid uptake in Chlamydomonas-Pseudomonas putida co-cultures and pure control cultures was achieved. Therefore, constraint-based metabolic network model can be a promising potential to predict and especially compare the behavior of organisms in mono- and co-culture systems
Bridging Cultures through Verse: Shakespearean Sonnets’ Persian Translations Through the Lens of Vinay-Darbelnet’s Model
No full textVinay and Darbelnet proposed a model comprising seven distinct procedures for evaluating translations, categorized into two general strategies: direct and oblique. This study analyzes different versions of the Persian translations of Shakespearean sonnets by Omid Tabibzadeh and Behnam Moghaddam to determine whether the translated sonnets align with direct or oblique strategies. To achieve this, the authors randomly selected seven Shakespearean sonnets translated into Persian by Omid Tabibzadeh and Behnam Moghaddam. These translations were assessed on the basis of Vinay and Darbelnet’s theoretical model. The findings indicated a higher utilization of oblique strategies compared with direct strategies in both translations. In this paper, the micro-level outcomes of Vinay and Darbelnet’s model are integrated with the macro-level perspective of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) to examine the systematic forces influencing translators’ decision-making processes. The authors initially analyzed the selected sonnets using Evan Zohar’s polysystem theory to determine the position of the translations within the polysystem, identifying them as either primary or secondary. The analysis revealed that the translated sonnets occupy a secondary position in the polysystem, which is attributed to the predominance of domestication strategies. Subsequently, the collected data were examined through Toury’s law of growing standardization and law of interference, revealing a disruption of the source language (SL) pattern to accommodate the target language (TL). This highlighted the influence of the law of growing standardization in the translation process of the seven Shakespearean sonnets. Finally, a concise cultural shift analysis was conducted with the assistance of Iran’s translation history, which provided an explanation for both translators’ target text (TT)-oriented translations
Numerical comparison of a combined hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion system with direct combustion of biomass for power production
No full textPrediction of hydrothermal carbonization with respect to the biomass components and severity factor
No full text
The dynamic interplay between cardiac mitochondrial health and myocardial structural remodeling in metabolic heart disease, aging, and heart failure
No full textThis review provides a holistic perspective on the bi-directional relationship between cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial structural remodeling in the context of metabolic heart disease, natural cardiac aging, and heart failure. First, a review of the physiologic and molecular drivers of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction across a range of increasingly prevalent conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiac aging is presented, followed by a general review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control (QC) in the heart. Several important mechanisms by which cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction triggers or contributes to structural remodeling of the heart are discussed: accumulated metabolic byproducts, oxidative damage, impaired mitochondrial QC, and mitochondrial-mediated cell death identified as substantial mechanistic contributors to cardiac structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Subsequently, the less studied but nevertheless important reverse relationship is explored: the mechanisms by which cardiac structural remodeling feeds back to further alter mitochondrial bioenergetic function. We then provide a condensed pathogenesis of several increasingly important clinical conditions in which these relationships are central: diabetic cardiomyopathy, age-associated declines in cardiac function, and the progression to heart failure, with or without preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we identify promising therapeutic opportunities targeting mitochondrial function in these conditions
Corresponding Author The Evaluation of wheat losses harvesting in two conventional combine (John Deere 1165, 955) in Iran
No full textABSTRACT Wheat is one of the most important food staff in consumption pattern of each country. More than 50 percent of energy is provided by bread in the developing countries. The aim of this study was measuring wheat losses during pre-harvest and harvest stages in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province of Iran in year 2013. Wheat losses at harvest stages were measured to wheat varieties in 2 levels of Omid and Alvand were chosen and Combine types in 2 levels: JD 955 and JD 1165 while were chosen. The data analyzed using and means were compared using SAS Software's and Duncan's Multiple Range Tests were. The results showed that higher amount of losses were in the Omid variety and JD 955 with totally 6.83 % (307.4 kg ha-1) that 10.5 % of them attributed on the cleaning, 34 % on Header, 16.5 % on Drum, 21 % on impurity and 18% broken grain losses. The lowest losses related to JD 1165 and Alvand variety with 3.97 % (178.66 kg ha-1) that 10 % of them attributed on the cleaning, 38 % on Header, 13 % on Drum , 22 % on impurity and 17% broken grain losses. Also, average pre-harvest losses amount was in all fields the study 24.5 kg ha-1 that 9.8 % of total losses represent the measured total losses Alvand 20.5 kg ha-1 and the variety of Omid 28.5 kg ha-1 respectively
The Impact of Family Factors on Girls' Social Empowerment
No full textThe Impact of Family Factors on Girls' Social Empowerment Mohammad Zahedi Asl[1] , Mahboobeh Tavakoli[2] Accepted: Received: 24/9/2017 Abstract In this study, we aimed to investigate effective family factors on girls’ social empowerment. For this aim, 192 admitted girls to the Omid-E-Mehr institution were selected by random sampling. The theoretical framework of the current study included the Resource Theory of Blood and Wolf, Empowerment Theory of Sara Lange and the family management theory of Anthony Giddens. The data were collected through a standard questionnaire and was analyzed by SPSS using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Descriptive results showed that 82 percent of participants are at an average level in social empowerment. Hypothesis testing indicated that there is a significant relationship between the patterns of household management, mothers’ views of gender-based roles and girls’ social empowerment. While there is no significant correlation between the social status of the father and the girls’ social empowerment. Regarding the significant correlation between “Mothers' views toward Gender Roles” and “Family Management Patterns” variables, a multiple regression analysis was used simultaneously with a dependent variable. The results of this study showed that the effect of the theoretical model on the dependent variable was significant. So views of mothers toward gender roles could explain more than 30% of the variance in girls’ social empowerment. It should be noted that the variable of “the family management model” did not have a significant effect. The results show that socio-cultural policies should emphasize the development and expansion of educational and cultural programs in order to improve the influence of the role of mothers on the girls’ social empowerment. Keywords: Father’s Social Status, Mother’s Views of Gender-based Roles, Pattern of the Household Management, Social Empowerment [1] . Professor of Social Work, Allameh Tabataba’i University. [email protected] [2] . Master of Social Work, Allameh Tabataba’i University. (Corresponding Author) [email protected]
Waste to Energy from Flue Gas of Industrial Plants to Biodiesel: Effect of CO2 on Microalgae Growth
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