354 research outputs found
Taiwan’s democratic progressive party and its mainland china policy
No full textTaiwan has successfully changed its political system from dictatorship into a democracy since the end of 1980s. Some people do not like 'Taiwan's democracy' -some candidates get elected by bribery in election, parliamentary fighting., but the majority of the Taiwanese people really enjoy their freedom in their homeland. They do know, at least, they have the right to oppose the government, no one would be shot by the national military force in a demonstration. The political systems are totally different between Taiwan and Mainland China, one is democracy, another is communism. Even the majority of the Taiwanese people are Chinese in ethnic origin, but their life experience are different over the past 50 years, it is difficult for any side to persuade the other side which one is better. Some Chinese Taiwanese people believe that they can have a better life, if their homeland—Taiwan can be really independent in the international community. Taiwan’s political opposition built Taiwan's first opposition party— Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) 13 years ago, and with the dream of establishing a new independent country on Taiwan. The establishment of the DPP is the result of the political opposition movement in Taiwan. Most of the members of the DPP have a strong Taiwanese identity, which is very different from the ruling KMT in Taiwan and the ruling CCP in China. The DPP gains more influence in Taiwan, the uncertainty across the Taiwan Straits increase at the same time. The DPP waited and saw between being the ruling party and establishing an independent country on Taiwan, finally it chose to complete the political aim of replacing the position of the KMT at present. The purpose of the study is to assess the DPP's policy-making in its Mainland China policy. I try to give a full picture of the policy-making process in the party. The most important factor in the formulation of the mainland China policy is the relationship between the factions within the DPP, therefore, I adopt the historical and document review approach on doing this study, and describe how the interaction between the factions worked and how they made the decisions on the policies? I found that the DPP will insist on its 'one Taiwan, one China' policy before becoming the ruling party in Taiwan. However, the DPP's insistence on the 'one China, one Taiwan' policy could bring conflicts across the Taiwan Straits and obstruct the possibility of replacing the ruling KMT's position. Hence the DPP tried to explain again the party's Taiwan independence platform, and to 'purify' the party’s ideology in order to achieve its present political aim. Because the cross-Straits relationship is still developing, the DPP's mainland policy would be affected by various factors across the Taiwan Straits. There is no final text of the DPP's mainland China policy at present. Therefore, I predict the future development of its China policy could tend in two ways. Firstly, if the cross-Straits exchanges increase, and Beijing reduces its hostility, the DPP's stand of 'one Taiwan, one China' will become more flexible, and it would keep on developing a more perfect China policy. Secondly, if the cross-Straits exchanges decrease, and Beijing increases the force of threatening to Taipei, the DPP's stand of 'one Taiwan, one China' policy will be more radical, even though it would not turn its back on the business affairs. At the end of this work, I suggest the DPP rethink its insistence on a Taiwanese independence position, this could not break Taiwan's isolation in international community, but could endanger Taiwan's security. As the factional fight has reduced the force of the DPP, to condense the powers of the party would be an important issue for the DPP
lolal Is an Evolutionarily New Epigenetic Regulator of dpp Transcription during Dorsal–Ventral Axis Formation
No full textabstract: Secreted ligands in the Dpp/BMP family drive dorsal–ventral (D/V) axis formation in all Bilaterian species. However, maternal factors regulating Dpp/BMP transcription in this process are largely unknown. We identified the BTB domain protein longitudinals lacking-like (lolal) as a modifier of decapentaplegic (dpp) mutations. We show that Lolal is evolutionarily related to the Trithorax group of chromatin regulators and that lolal interacts genetically with the epigenetic factor Trithorax-like during Dpp D/V signaling. Maternally driven Lolal[superscript HA] is found in oocytes and translocates to zygotic nuclei prior to the point at which dpp transcription begins. lolal maternal and zygotic mutant embryos display significant reductions in dpp, pMad, and zerknullt expression, but they are never absent. The data suggest that lolal is required to maintain dpp transcription during D/V patterning. Phylogenetic data revealed that lolal is an evolutionarily new gene present only in insects and crustaceans. We conclude that Lolal is the first maternal protein identified with a role in dpp D/V transcriptional maintenance, that Lolal and the epigenetic protein Trithorax-like are essential for Dpp D/V signaling and that the architecture of the Dpp D/V pathway evolved in the arthropod lineage after the separation from vertebrates via the incorporation of new genes such as lolal.The final version of this article, as published in Molecular Biology and Evolution, can be viewed online at: https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/33/10/2621/2925577/lolal-Is-an-Evolutionarily-New-Epigeneti
Examining Changes in the Democratic Progressive Party from 2008 to 2014 with Harmel and Janda\ue2s Integrated Theory of Party Change
No full textUsing Harmel and Janda\ue2s integrated theory of party change, the author examines the changes within the Democratic Progressive Party\ue3(DPP)\ue3from 2008-2014. In this thesis, the author specifically explores how the three main independent variables \ue2 chairperson change, dominant faction displacement, and external stimuli \ue2 are related to the changes observed in DPP which is considered a vote-seeking party.
The research finds that changes within the DPP including organization, ideology, strategies, constitution, and policy changes can be attributed to numerous factors such as \ue2 changes in DDP\ue2s chairperson, external stimuli and external shocks such as electoral system change, jurisdictional changes in Taiwan\ue2s local government structure, the Sunflower protest movement in early 2014, and others. Despite these changes, DPP factional structure have not changed substantially. The changes observed in the DPP in this thesis corroborates Harmel and Janda\ue2s integrated theory of party change
Tenebrio molitor Proteins-Derived DPP-4 Inhibitory Peptides: Preparation, Identification, and Molecular Binding Mechanism
No full textInhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an effective way to control blood glucose in diabetic patients. Tenebrio (T.) molitor is an edible insect containing abundant protein. T. molitor protein-derived peptides can suppress the DPP-4 activity. However, the amino acid sequence and binding mechanism of these DPP-4 inhibitory peptides remain unclear. This study used the flavourzyme for T. molitor protein hydrolysis, identified the released peptides with DPP-4 inhibitory effect, and investigated the binding interactions of these peptides with DPP-4. The results showed that flavourzyme efficiently hydrolyzed the T. molitor protein, as demonstrated by the high degree of hydrolysis, disappearance of protein bands in SDS-PAGE, and changes to protein structure. The 4-h flavourzyme hydrolysates showed a good inhibitory effect on DPP-4 (IC50 value of 1.64 mg/mL). The fragment of 1000–3000 Da accounted for 10.39% of the total peptides, but showed the strongest inhibitory effect on DPP-4. The peptides LPDQWDWR and APPDGGFWEWGD were identified from this fraction, and their IC50 values against DPP-4 were 0.15 and 1.03 mg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking showed that these two peptides interacted with the DPP-4 active site via hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, salt bridge formation, π-cation interactions, and π-π stacking. Our findings indicated that T. molitor protein-derived peptides could be used as natural DPP-4 inhibitors
DPP v Majewski [1977] AC 443, House of Lords
No full textEssential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in DPP v Majewski [1977] AC 443, House of Lords. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.</p
DPP-4 Inhibitor-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Diabetics: A Nested Case–Control Study
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Improving photovoltaic properties of linear small molecules with TPA-DPP segment by tuning their frameworks
No full textThree low band-gap small molecules (SMs) with D-A, D-A-D and D-A-B-A-D frameworks, namely TPA-DPP, TPA(2)DPP and (TPADPP)(2)AN, were designed and synthesized, in which triphenylamine (TPA), 3,6-dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and 9,10-anthracene (AN) were used as donor (D), acceptor (A) and bridge (B) segments, respectively. Their optical, thermal, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Significant influence of different frameworks on these properties was exhibited for three SMs. Strongest absorption ability, lowest HOMO energy level and highest hole-mobility make (TPADPP)(2)AN with D-A-B-A-D frame-work exhibit best photovoltaic property in organic solar cells. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.94% and short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 6.15 mA/cm(2) were observed in the (TPADPP)(2)AN/PC71BM based cell. This PCE value is about 2 and 5 times the corresponding values of the TPA(2)DPP/PC71BM and TPA-DPP PC71BM based devices, respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Synthesis and photovoltaic performance of DPP-based small molecules with tunable energy levels by altering the molecular terminals
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Four novel small molecules, Ph(DPP-Th)(2), Ph(DPP-Py)(2), Ph(DPP-ThCN)(2) and Ph(DPP-ThR)(2) were synthesized and characterized, in which diketopyrrolopyrrole-phenyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole was used as the core, donor units of 2-octylthiophene (Th), pyrene (Py), acceptor units octyl 2-cyano-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylate (ThCN) and 3-octyl-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)rodanine (ThR) were used as the terminals, respectively. By changing the terminals of small molecules, their corresponding thermal, absorptive, electro-chemical and photovoltaic properties were rationally adjusted for applications as donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs). All of small molecules exhibit broad absorption spectra from the visible to near-infrared region, and Ph(DPP-ThR)(2) showed the minimum optical band gap of 1.48 eV. The small molecules with acceptor terminal units had much deeper HOMO energy levels than those with donor terminal units, which is important to increase the open-circuit voltage (V-oc). A maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.22%, short-circuit current density of 10.55 mA cm(-2), V-oc of 0.85 V, and fill factor of 39% were obtained in the Ph(DPP-Py)(2)/PC71BM based cells under AM 1.5 G irradiation (100 mW cm(-1)). These results demonstrate valuable guidelines for the rational design of solution-processed small molecules for OSCs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p
Insulin Versus Established GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, DPP-4 Inhibitors, and SGLT-2 Inhibitors for Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
No full textLimited head-to-head studies compare established glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) to insulin in the management of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of traditional GLP-1 RAs, DPP-4is, and SGLT-2is compared with insulin. Comprehensive searches were conducted in the Cochrane Database, PubMed, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EMBASE for publications from January 2010 to June 2022, with an additional search extended through June 2025 to capture newly published studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing insulin with established GLP-1 RAs, DPP-4is, or SGLT-2is were included. Thirteen trials involving 5,807 participants were identified. Nine trials compared GLP-1 RAs to insulin, four compared DPP-4is to insulin, and one examined SGLT-2i combined with DPP-4i versus insulin. Compared with insulin, traditional non-insulin agents were associated with greater reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (mean difference (MD) = -0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.5 to -0.03), body weight (MD = -3.27, 95% CI -4.16 to -2.38), and systolic blood pressure (MD = -3.55, 95% CI -4.92 to -2.17). Insulin use carried a higher relative risk of hypoglycemia (risk ratio (RR) = 2.24, 95% CI 1.88-2.67). Subgroup analyses showed that GLP-1 RAs were superior to insulin in reducing HbA1c and hypoglycemic events, whereas DPP-4is achieved similar glycemic control with improved safety profiles. These findings suggest that established GLP-1 RAs, DPP-4is, and SGLT-2is offer superior or comparable efficacy with better safety than insulin in insulin-naïve patients with uncontrolled T2DM
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