1,720,963 research outputs found
The difference of Type and Water Depth of Attractor Setting on Squid Egg Attachment
No full textSquid represent marine resources that involves high economic value. Most intensive squid fishing season occurred at the spawning season where in this season most of squid has matured gonad. This activity make degradate squid amount in nature. Marine culture technology like breeding or hatchery need to balance squid fishing activity and to enhance stock of squid in nature. The hatchery needs squid egg supplied continuously. Attractor can be used to collect squid egg from nature. The squid egg collecting activity from nature can become additional activity or alternative job for fisherman. Based on this case, research was conducted on types and water depth differences of attractor setting on squid egg attachment. The research has been conducted in Mutiara Bay, Alor Regency, NTT Province for four months from 17 August 2005 to 18 December 2005. Aim of this research was to find out the effect of type and water depth differences of attractor setting on squid egg attachment and to determine what type and depth of attractor setting that suitable for squid lays their egg. Attractor was made from local materials like bamboo and palm tree fiber. The treatment design of this research used two types of attractors and three levels of water depth. The type of attractors were covered by goony sack and uncovered by goony sack. Setting difference of attractors were placed in surface (0-1 m), middle (2-3 m) and bottom (4-5 m) of coastal waters. Data was analysed by average test (t-test). The result of this research show that squids attach their eggs on the covered attractor by goony sack that placed in the bottom of coastal waters at 4 -5 m. The eggs hatched in 28 to 30 days
Rancang Bangun Bubu Lipat Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi Penangkapan Kepiting Bakau Yang Ramah Lingkungan
No full textBubu lipat yang banyak digunakan dalam penangkapan kepiting bakau masih memiliki kelemahan. Kelemahannya antara lain jenis dan kualitas umpannya tidak disukai oleh kepiting bakau, hasil tangkapannya lebih banyak terdiri atas kepiting bakau muda, dan konstruksinya mudah dirusak oleh kepiting bakau. Kelemahan bubu tersebut dapat diperbaiki melalui kajian rancang bangun berdasarkan tingkah laku kepiting bakau. Informasi mengenai rancang bangun bubu tersebut dan tingkah laku kepiting bakau masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis dan kualitas umpan yang disukai oleh kepiting bakau, menentukan arah dan ketajaman penglihatan kepiting bakau, menentukan respons kepiting bakau terhadap bagian-bagian bubu, merancang dan membuat bubu lipat, menentukan efektivitas dan efisiensi bubu lipat, menentukan tingkat selektivitas bubu lipat dan menentukan tingkat keramahan lingkungan bubu lipat. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu penelitian di laboratorium dan di lapangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode pengamatan dan percobaan penangkapan. Penelitian di laboratorium menganalisis respons makan kepiting terhadap umpan, menganalisis kemampuan penglihatan kepiting, mengamati respons kepiting terhadap bagian-bagian bubu, merancang dan membuat bubu. Sementara itu, penelitian di lapangan melakukan percobaan penangkapan kepiting, melakukan ujicoba pelolosan kepiting dan menganalisis tingkat keramahan bubu terhadap lingkungan. Data penelitian dianalisis secara statistika dan secara diskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa pilihan kepiting bakau terhadap jenis dan kualitas umpan bervariasi. Persentase rata-rata pilihan kepiting terhadap umpan ikan selar sebesar 77,88%, sedangkan umpan kerang bulu 22,12%. Adapun pilihan kepiting terhadap umpan selar segar adalah 58,54%, umpan selar rendam 24,39% dan umpan selar busuk 17,07%. Sementara itu, perbandingan kandungan kimia umpan segar : rendam : busuk adalah protein (17% : 16,05% : 15,85%), lemak (0,32% : 1,05% : 0,39%), air (77,24% : 74,49% : 78,64%), asam amino (16,12% :15,2% : 15,17%), dan asam lemak (59,26% : 60,07% : 47,05%). Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa secara statistika pilihan kepiting terhadap umpan selar segar berbeda nyata jika dibandingkan dengan pilihan kepiting terhadap umpan selar rendam maupun selar busuk, sementara pilihan kepiting terhadap umpan selar rendam dan selar busuk tidak berbeda nyata. Pilihan kepiting terhadap umpan didukung oleh kemampuan penglihatannya. Analisis kemampuan penglihatan kepiting bakau menunjukkan bahwa arah dan ketajaman penglihatan kepiting bervariasi. Arah penglihatan kepiting lebih dominan ke arah depan dalam jika dibandingkan dengan arah depan luar, belakang luar maupun belakang dalam karena jumlah sebaran sel kon lebih banyak berada pada bagian mata depan dalam. Adapun posisi dead zone berada pada arah v penglihatan belakang dalam. Sementara itu, ketajaman penglihatan kepiting berkorelasi dengan ukuran lebar karapasnya. Kepiting dengan ukuran lebar karapas 8,6-11,01 cm memiliki ketajaman penglihatan 1,84-3,72 derajat. Berdasarkan analisis jarak penglihatan maksimum, kepiting dapat melihat material bubu seperti jaring dan kawat galvanis. Respons kepiting bakau terhadap bagian-bagian bubu juga bervariasi. Kepiting lebih mudah melewati sudut kemiringan bidang lintasan masuk 20 derajat dan sudut 40 derajat jika dibandingkan dengan sudut 60 derajat. Kepiting mampu melewati bidang lintasan masuk berbentuk lurus maupun berbentuk corong. Kepiting juga secara mudah melewati bentuk mulut masuk yang terbuka jika dibandingkan dengan bentuk mulut masuk yang relatif tertutup. Selanjutnya, respons kepiting tersebut dijadikan acuan dalam perancangan bubu lipat. Perancangan bubu lipat menghasilkan 7 bentuk bubu yaitu bubu B-20, B-40 dan B-60, bubu 2 bidang lintasan masuk (B-II.S), bubu 3 bidang lintasan masuk (B-III.S), bubu 4 bidang lintasan masuk (B-IV.S) dan bubu algonis (A-40). Semua bubu tersebut dapat menangkap kepiting kecuali bubu B-20 dan B-60 yang kurang mampu menangkap kepiting dewasa. Bubu-bubu tersebut memiliki daya tenggelam antara 0,42 - 0,58 kgf sehingga dapat tenggelam ke dalam air dan berada dalam posisi stabil di atas substrat dasar perairan. Kestabilan bubu tersebut di dalam air berhubungan dengan efektivitasnya. Efektivitas bubu lipat bervariasi. Bubu B-IV.S menangkap kepiting lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan bubu lainnya. Adapun bubu A-40 menangkap kepiting lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan bubu lainnya, namun semua kepiting tangkapannya berukuran dewasa. Efektivitas setiap bubu sebagai berikut B-IV.S: 32,5%, B-III.S: 23,3%, B-II.S: 20,0%, sementara bubu B-40: 20,8%, B-60: 15,8%, B-20: 14,2% dan A-40: 12,5%. Efektivitas bubu tersebut juga berhubungan dengan selektivitasnya. Selektivitas bubu lipat juga bervariasi. Nilai selektivitas (LK50) untuk bubu dengan CP depan : 6,6 cm, CP samping bawah: 6,5 cm, CP samping atas: 6,2 cm dan CP sudut atas: 6,4 cm. Adapun nilai selektivitas (LK50) bubu A-40 adalah 8,5 cm. Selektivitas bubu juga berhubungan tingkat keramahannya terhadap lingkungan. Tingkat keramahan lingkungan bubu lipat dikategorikan dalam tiga kelompok yaitu bubu ramah lingkungan, bubu kurang ramah lingkungan dan bubu tidak ramah lingkungan. Bubu ramah lingkungan adalah A-40, bubu kurang ramah lingkungan adalah B-40, B-II.S, B-III.S dan B-IV.S, sedangkan bubu tidak ramah lingkungan adalah B-20 dan B-60
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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