130,473 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
Get PDFInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Estructura poblacional de Morpho sulkowskyi Kollar, 1850 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en un sector de la cordillera occidental, departamento del Cauca (Colombia).
Get PDFPRIETO C, TAKEGAMI C, RIVERA JM. 2005. Population structure of Morpho
sulkowskyi Kollar, 1850 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the western
Cordillera, Cauca department (Colombia). Entomotropica 20(1): 15-22.
Between the months of April and August of 2003 we stimated the Morpho
sulkowskyi population size in a site of the western mountain range in
the department of the Cauca by means of three methodologies of
mark-release-recapture (MRR): Peterson, Jolly-Seber and Schnabel
compared with the method of abundance by observation of Pollard. We
captured 152 individuals with a recapture success of 23.68%. The ages
structure and the recapture success showed that this is a nonconfined
population with an emergency tip between July and August. The size of
the population varied between 9 and 348 individuals. The residence time
average was 3 days and the maximum observed measured for males was 8
days. The number of captured and recaptured individuals showed a
positive correlation with the monthly average temperature. The
individuals flew mainly between 9:00 and 14:00 hours; and when the
temperature was higher than 15 \ub0 C.PRIETO C, TAKEGAMI C, RIVERA JM. 2005. Estructura poblacional de Morpho
sulkowskyi Kollar, 1850 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en un sector de la
cordillera occidental, departamento del Cauca (Colombia). Entomotropica
20(1): 15-22. Entre los meses de abril y agosto de 2003 se estim\uf3
el tama\uf1o de una poblaci\uf3n de Morpho sulkowskyi conocida para
la cordillera occidental en el departamento del Cauca por medio de tres
metodolog\uedas de Marcaje-recaptura (MRR): Peterson, Jolly-Seber y
Schnabel comparadas con el m\ue9todo de abundancia por
observaci\uf3n de Pollard. Se capturaron 152 individuos y se obtuvo
un \ue9xito de recaptura del 23.68%. La estructura de edades y el
\ue9xito de recaptura muestran que esta es una poblaci\uf3n no
confinada con un pico de emergencia entre julio y agosto. El
tama\uf1o de la poblaci\uf3n vari\uf3 entre 9 y 348 individuos.
El tiempo de residencia promedio fue de 3 d\uedas y el m\ue1ximo
observado fue de 8 d\uedas para machos. El n\ufamero de individuos
capturados y recapturados mostr\uf3 una correlaci\uf3n positiva con
la temperatura media mensual. Los individuos vuelan principalmente
entre las 9:00 y 14:00 horas y cuando la temperatura ambiental es
superior a 15 \ub0 C
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Morphologic and functional correlates of synaptic pathology in the cathepsin D knockout mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Get PDFMutations in the cathepsin D (CTSD) gene cause an aggressive neurodegenerative disease (congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) that leads to early death. Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic abnormalities play a major role in the pathogenesis of CTSD deficiencies. To identify the early events that lead to synaptic alterations, we investigated synaptic ultrastructure and function in presymptomatic CTSD knockout (Ctsd) mice. Electron microscopy revealed that there were significantly greater numbers of readily releasable synaptic vesicles present in Ctsd mice than in wild-type control mice as early as postnatal day 16. The size of this synaptic vesicle pool continued to increase with disease progression in the hippocampus and thalamus of the Ctsd mice. Electrophysiology revealed a markedly decreased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) with no effect on paired-pulse modulation of the evoked excitatory post synaptic potentials in the hippocampus of Ctsd mice. The reduced mEPSCs frequency was observed before the appearance of epilepsy or any morphologic sign of synaptic degeneration. Taken together, these data indicate that CTSD is required for normal synaptic function and that a failure in synaptic trafficking or recycling may bean early and important pathologic mechanism in Ctsd mice; these presynaptic abnormalities may initiate synaptic degeneration in advance of subsequent neuronal loss
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