1,720,956 research outputs found
Discrimination Under Political or Other Opinions in Pre-contractual Labor Relationship
Full text linkThe legislative changes implemented in the Labor Code of Georgia fundamentally changed the regulations governing the prohibition of discrimination. In order to bring them closer to the law of the European Union, a number of important issues were identified that require scientific processing and comparative legal research. One of the current and problematic types of discrimination in Georgian reality is not hiring a person and/or dismissing him/her due to political or other opinions. Case law regarding these topics practically does not exist. The present article deals with the existing regulation related to discrimination due to political or other opinions in pre-contractual relationships. The present paper examines whether Georgian legislation complies with acts of ILO and European law
The Applicable Law to the Subject Matter of the Dispute in International Investment Law According to the ICSID Convention and Georgian Law
Full text linkInternational investment law is of particular importance for each country’s economic development and Georgia is not an exception in this issue. While discussing international investment law investment dispute settlement should ultimately be considered. The present article deals with the issue of applicable law to the subject matter of the dispute in international investment disputes. The whole article is dedicated to the practical aspects of the determining applicable law. More precisely, Georgian regulations and respective provisions of certain international regulations will be covered. The research is done using a comparative, systemic, logical and analytical method. The use of each method in different parts of the article ensures demonstration of rules existing towards determination of applicable substantive law, which is the purpose of the present article.International investment law is of particular importance for each country’s economic development and Georgia is not an exception in this issue. While discussing international investment law investment dispute settlement should ultimately be considered. The present article deals with the issue of applicable law to the subject matter of the dispute in international investment disputes. The whole article is dedicated to the practical aspects of the determining applicable law. More precisely, Georgian regulations and respective provisions of certain international regulations will be covered. The research is done using a comparative, systemic, logical and analytical method. The use of each method in different parts of the article ensures demonstration of rules existing towards determination of applicable substantive law, which is the purpose of the present article
Discrimination Based on Political or Other Opinions: Impact on the Labor Rights of Probationary Employees and Interns
Full text linkThe probation (trial) period employment contract and the internship are characterized by certain specificity in Georgian law. The issue of protecting the labor rights of probationary employees and interns, especially the termination of the contract, is even more specific. Moreover, the issue of political or other views, as one of the types of freedom of expression and the form of discrimination is interesting in the internship and trial period labor relationship. Based on the specificity of the Georgian case law, due to the simple termination of the probation period (trial period) employment contract, it is possible that the employer may abuse his right and thus violate the rights of the employee and/or intern. The following article mainly focuses on the research of these issues. The article also analyses the recent approaches of the Georgian courts\u27 practice and several cases of the International Court of Justice, which are the most well-known and often cited cases in foreign legal literature
Criminal Offence and Health Condition Information as Special Categories of Data, and the Legal Aspects of Processing in Labor Relations under GDPR and Georgian Law
Full text linkCriminal offence and health condition information as special categories of data present significant legal challenges in labor relations. The new Personal Data Protection Law outlines the general regulations regarding criminal offence and health condition information as special categories of personal data. The principles governing the processing of this personal information are very specific, and depend on several factors, especially in employment contexts. Employers have access to private data related to candidates during the pre-contractual phase, and to employees during the contractual relationship. This access carries a high risk of breaching the principles of processing special categories of personal data. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the processing of criminal offence and health condition information as special categories of data by the employer. This issue is analyzed within the context of the pre-contractual phase and the termination of the employment contract. All aspects are reviewed under both GDPR and Georgian legislation. At the conclusion of this article, some suggestions and recommendations are offered which might be relevant for Georgian legal practice.Criminal offence and health condition information as special categories of data present significant legal challenges in labor relations. The new Personal Data Protection Law outlines the general regulations regarding criminal offence and health condition information as special categories of personal data. The principles governing the processing of this personal information are very specific, and depend on several factors, especially in employment contexts. Employers have access to private data related to candidates during the pre-contractual phase, and to employees during the contractual relationship. This access carries a high risk of breaching the principles of processing special categories of personal data. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the processing of criminal offence and health condition information as special categories of data by the employer. This issue is analyzed within the context of the pre-contractual phase and the termination of the employment contract. All aspects are reviewed under both GDPR and Georgian legislation. At the conclusion of this article, some suggestions and recommendations are offered which might be relevant for Georgian legal practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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