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THE ROLE OF ABDURRAHMAN WAHID IN CREATING ISLAMIC POST-TRADITIONALIST PARADIGM IN INDONESIA
Full text linkThis writing describes Abdurrahman Wahid’s thought and his influence in creating a new paradigm of thought among the new generation of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) organization in Indonesia. This writing applies qualitative techniques through library and field research. Primary data are collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while secondary data are collected through textbooks, journals, and the internet. The data are analyzed by descriptive analysis. NU organization is known as a traditionalist Islamic organization vis a vis an Islamic modernist organization Muhammadiyah. Wahid wants Muslim integrity to become a good community, such as tolerate and respect other people. Every Muslim has to respect other people and struggle for justice, egalitarianism and protect weak people. The methodology of this writing is qualitative research. In fact, Wahid’s thought of egalitarianism, tolerance, and liberalism influences the young generation of NU organization that creates a thought of school, namely post-radisionalist (Postra). Postra is a kind of leap thought among NU generation that carries out themes, such as, egalitarianism, tolerance, liberalism, civil society, and democracy. In South Sulawesi, the NU young generation establishes a non-government organization (NGO), which is called Lembaga Advokasi Pendidikan Anak Rakyat that carries out the same theme that of Wahid’s.Keywords: Abdurahman Wahid; Nahdlatul Ulama; Islamic Post-Traditionalist: LAPAR organization: الملخصتوضح هذه المقالة أفكار عبد الرحمن وحيد وتأثيرها في خلق وجهة النظر الجديد للتفكير جيل الشباب في النهضة العلماء (NU) بإندونيسيا. تطبق هذه المقالة تقنيات نوعية من خلال الدراسة المكتبية والمجال البحثي النوعي والمصادر الرئيسية لها عبارة عن مجموعة من طرق إجراء الاستطلاعات بحيث تم العثور على بياناتها الأساسية من خلال المراقبة والمقابلات والتوثيق ، وأما مصادرها أو مراجعها الثانوية فهي تستمد من الكتب المدرسية والمجلات العلمية والإنترنت، فقد تم تحليل البيانات المذكورة باستخدام المنهج التحليلي. ومن العروف أن "NU" إسلامية تقليدية، وبينما يعرف أن المحمدية هي إسلامية حديثة. ويريد عبد الرحمن وحيد أن يكون المجتمع المسلم مجتمعا صالحا يتحلى بكل من صفات الخير كالتسامح والاحترام للآخرين. وينبغي لكل مسلم أن يحترم الآخرين وأن يسعى إلى إقامة العدالة والمساواة وحماية الموطنين الضعفاء. وفي الواقع، أن أفكار وحيد المائلة إلى التساوى التسامح والليبرالية والتي تؤثر على الجيل الناشئ منNU تمثل خطوات فكرية لدى هذا الجيل الذي يحمل مواضيع مختلفة كالمساواة والتسامح، والحرية، والديمقراطية. وفي سولاويسي الجنوبية ،أنشأ هذا الجيل غير حكومية أطلقت عليها اسم المؤسسة الخيرية ويقال لها مؤسسة المحاماة لدعم تعليم أبناء الشعب (LAPAR) وهي المؤسسة التي تحمل نفس الموضوع مثل ما دعى به وحيد)الكلمة الرئسية: عبد الرحمن وحيد؛ نهضة العلماء؛ آخر- التقليدية؛ LAPAR؛ Abstrak Tulisan ini menggambarkan pemikiran Abdurrahman Wahid dan pengaruhnya dalam menciptakan paradigma baru pemikiran generasi muda organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) di Indonesia. Tulisan ini mengaplikasikan teknik kualitatif melalui penelitian pustaka dan lapangan. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, sementara sumber sekunder diperoleh melalui buku teks, jurnal ilmiah dan internet. Data-data tersebut dianalisis melalui analisis deskriptif. Organisasi NU adalah diketahui sebagai organisasi Islam tradisionalis sementara organisasi Muhammadiyah dikenal sebagai organisasi Islam modernis. Wahid ingin integritas Muslim menjadi masyarakat yang baik, seperti toleran dan hormat kepada orang lain. Setiap Muslim harus menghargai orang lain dan berjuang untuk menegakkan keadilan, egalitarian, dan melindungi penduduk yang lemah. Dalam kenyataannya, Pemikiran Wahid yang berkarasteristik egaliter, tolerans, dan cenderung liberal memengaruhi generasi muda NU adalah sebuah loncatan berpikir sepanjang generasi muda NU yang mengusung tema seperti egaliterian, toleran, liberal, civil society, dan demokrasi. Di Sulawesi Selatan, generasi muda NU mendirikan sebuah Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) yang disebut dengan nama Lembaga Advokasi Pendidikan Anak Rakyat (LAPAR) yang mengusung tema yang sama dengan Wahid.Kata Kunci: Abdurahman Wahid; Nahdlatul Ulama; Islam Post-Traditionalis: organisasi LAPAR
The Discourse of Islamic Civil Society in Indonesia during The Reformation
Full text linkThe idea of civil society is still debated. Some Indonesian Muslim intellectuals state that civil society is connected with the situation at the history of Prophet Muhammad in Madinah. As Nurcholis Madjid and Dawam interpret civil society as synonymous with the Indonesian term masyarakat madani, which refers to the Islamic society in Madinah which was constructed by the prophet Mohammed. Conversely, Wahid disagrees with Madjid and Dawam's idea of Islamic civil society. Wahid’s concept of civil society is linked to his belief that the Pancasila is a more suitable ideology for the development of civil society as it is more accommodating of the ethnic and cultural diversity of Indonesia.
Konsep Negara dan Civil Society dalam Pandangan Thomas Hobbes dan Muhammad Iqbal : Studi Analisis Perbandingan Pemikiran Politik
No full textDisertasi ini membahas tentang konsep negara dan civil society dalam pandangan Thomas Hobbes dan Muhammad Iqbal. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali faktor signifikan konsep negara dan civil society dalam perspektif Hobbes dan Iqbal. Permasalahan dari disertasi ini adalah apa perbedaan mendasar pandangan filsafat politik di dunia Islam dan di dunia Barat? Bagaimana pandangan Thomas Hobbes dan Muhammad Iqbal tentang aspek agama dan politik? Bagaimana bangunan filsafat politik tentang negara dalam pandangan Muhammad Iqbal dan Thomas Hobbes? Bagaimana bangunan filsafat politik tentang civil society dalam pandangan Muhammad Iqbal dan Thomas Hobbes?
Metode yang digunakan dalam disertasi ini adalah kajian pustaka dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan filsafat, sejarah dan politik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelitian pustaka dengan melakukan penelusuran buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal internasional terkait dengan obyek penelitian. Terakhir akan dianalisis melalui metode, yaitu induktif dan Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA).
Ada beberapa hasil penelitian yang digunakan dalam disertasi ini. Hobbes dan Iqbal memiliki kesamaan pandangan bahwa agama itu bisa diinterpretasikan atau sejalan dengan pemikiran manusia. Hobbes lebih banyak mengeritik aspek keagamaan yang ia pelajari dari sejarah bahwa agama sejati adalah agama yang tidak diintervensi oleh kekuasaan dan agama yang bisa diterima oleh akal. Basis pemikiran Hobbes bersifat liberal, sedangkan dasar pemikiran keagamaan Iqbal dilandasi oleh iman yang selanjutnya direfleksikan dalam bentuk pemikiran rasional.
Terdapat kesamaan dan perbedaan yang menyolok antara Hobbes dan Iqbal tentang konsep negara. Pandangan Hobbes tentang negara diawali dengan konsep negara alami (natural state) dan berakhir pada konsep negara commonwealth (negara persemakmuran). Sementara itu, pandangan Iqbal tentang negara diawali dengan konsep negara Islam dan konsep negara nasional berakhir pada konsep negara ideal yang melampaui batas-batas geografis, etnis dan agama.
Baik Hobbes maupun Iqbal mengawali konsep civil society-nya dengan pembahasan komprehensif tentang manusia, diawali dengan konsep diri, individu dan masyarakat. Hobbes melihat bahwa manusia adalah makhluk yang dikuasai oleh dorongan-dorongan irasional, anarkis, saling iri, serta benci sehingga menjadi jahat, buas, dan kasar, sebab ia memandang manusia sebagai naluri kebinatangan yang digerakkan oleh nafsunya sebagai tumpukan material mekanik yang menggerakkan manusia sekaligus sebagai sumber pengetahuan yang didasarkan pada pengalaman manusia. Sementara itu, Iqbal mengakui intuisi sebagai sumber pengetahuan tertinggi manusia. Melalui pembahasan diri, Iqbal mengakui ego manusia sebagai watak esensi manusia sebagaimana halnya ruh dalam pandangan Islam adalah memimpin karena ia bergerak dari amr (perintah) ilahi. Artinya, realitas eksistensial manusia terletak dalam sikap keterpimpinan egonya dari yang ilahi melalui pertimbangan-pertimbangan, kehendak-kehendak, tujuan-tujuan dan aspirasiny
BANGUNAN FILSAFAT POLITIK TENTANG CIVIL SOCIETY DALAM PEMIKIRAN THOMAS HOBBES
Full text linkHobbes shows human as negative aspect, where human instinc tend to conflict, and war. So, sovereignty has to give state leader absolutely in order the state become strong and every state has to coperate with other in commonwealt paradigm. Hobbes discusses the concept of civil society starting with the concept of human being as human nature, particularly the concept of self, individu, and society. Hobbes looks at that human nature is a creature that affected by irrational, anachy, jelious, and hate, so the human become rude, and bad. This situations are called as primitive civil society. Meanwhile, Hobbes depicts modern civil society as a contradiction with human nature and natural law. Hobbes explains that state is created by individu who want create a piece from human nature, so human being has to make a social contract among individu
Pemikiran dan Gerakan Politik Organisasi Wahdah Islamiyah (WI) di Sulawesi Selatan
Full text linkThis writing discusses the thought and Political Movements of an Islamic organization, Wahdah Islamiyah (WI), in South Sulawesi. Research type applied is qualitative, and data collection techniques implemented is open interviews. In addition, secondary data collection is carried out by tracking down information through books, internet, journals and other documents. Research findings show that WI comprises a notion of political thought relating to contemporary issues, such as political concepts, tarbiyah, and Islamic law. WI organization has different agendas in its efforts to develop human resources in South Sulawesi. First of all is formal education, and secondly is Islamic sermon. WI organization provides a department dealing specifically with socio political activities and programs. Moreover, the political strategy of WI organization is to collaborate with the government in efforts of enhancing human resources in South Sulawesi
ICMI and Education: An Effort to Prepare Muslim Intellectuals in Indonesia
Full text linkThis writing explains ICMI (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia) organization agenda to improve the quality Muslims intellectuals in Indonesia, particularly in educational aspect. This writing is using lybrary research to explore the role of ICMI in educational aspect in Indonesia. It is realize that there are many educational problems in Indonesia, such as teacher-oriented education, passive, less interested to get information from libraries, and not objectively oriented. The main agenda of ICMI organization in developing of Islamic education in Indonesia is that education has to be oriented to help the students to become better Muslims. Introducing modern education is very important in the improvement of the quality of human resources and people's ability to meaningfully participate in an evolving civil society in Indonesia. Moreover, education can be oriented to prepare students to have good behaviour, values, and norms, which in turn plays an important role in the improvement of the quality of civil society in Indonesia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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