1,721,081 research outputs found
Query proof structure caching for incremental evaluation of tabled prolog programs / Taher Muhammad Ali
Full text linkPROLOG is the most well known, widely used programming language for logic programming.
PROLOG is a programming language that uses a small set of basic mechanisms
to create surprisingly powerful programs. These mechanisms are pattern-matching, treebased
data structuring and backtracking. PROLOG is used for the development of scheduling
systems, knowledge systems, expert systems and many other applications. However,
being goal-driven (query driven) PROLOG’S query engine suffers from some well-known
problems such as susceptibility to infinite looping, repeated subcomputation and unsatisfactory
semantics of negation. These limitations have been addressed by the tabled extensions
(TLP) to PROLOG evaluation. The main idea of tabling is to cache the answers
for computations and then reuse them when a repeated computation appears. The TLP
approach assumes that the database of facts/rules, of which the query results drawn from,
remains constant through time and therefore the tabulated results are assumed to remain
valid. This prohibits the use of TLP in non-monotonic logic where such an assumption
cannot be guaranteed. To overcome this problem the idea of incremental tabulation has
been introduced. An incrementally maintained table is one that continually contains the
correct answers in the presence of updates to underlying predicates on which the tabled
predicate depends. The critical challenges for incremental evaluation are how to detect
and update the tabled answers due to the changes in the database of facts and rules associated
with the tabled answers.
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This thesis presents an alternative approach to incremental tabulation that is capable
of working in non-monotonic situations. The basic idea of our approach is that, as the
PROLOG inference engine evaluates the query for the first time, the answers returned by
the engine for the query are converted into a justification-based truth-maintenance system
(JTMS) network. Every successful branch is translated into a JTMS network that links the
facts used in the proof branch to the answer generated by that branch. When the same
query is re-evaluated, the query engine collects the valid answers for the query at that
moment and returns them by using the cached proof structure for the query. When the
state of database is changed, the JTMS component propagates the effect of the change
through its network to maintain the consistency of old proofs. At the same time, the
database monitor keeps watching the addition of the new data (facts/rules) to the system
and triggers the resumption of previously proven queries in order to update their proof
structure.
The outcome of this thesis is JLOG. JLOG is a sub-system integrated with PROLOG
inference engine which supports incremental tabled extensions to PROLOG evaluation.
The thesis presents the design, necessary data structures, algorithms and implementation
details of JLOG. The results of comparing the performance of JLOG to regular PROLOG
and Tabled PROLOG systems are also presented
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Implementasi Kebijakan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 Tentang Retribusi Tempat Khusus Parkir Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pelayanan Penyediaan Fasilitas Parkir Di Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara
No full textFasilitas parkir adalah lokasi yang ditentukan sebagai tempat
pemberhentian kendaraan yang bersifat tidak sementara untuk melakukan
kegiatan pada suatu kurun waktu. Fasilitas parkir bertujuan untuk memberikan
tempat istrahat kendaraan dan menunjang kelancaran arus lalu lintas. Demi
kelancaraan penggunaan fasilitas parkir diperlukan sebuah peraturan atau
pedoman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pelayanan fasilitas parkir.
Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah
Bagaimana Implementasi Kebijakan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 8 Tahun 2011
Tentang Retribusi Tempat Khusus Parkir Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pelayanan
Penyediaan Fasilitas Parkir di Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Padang Lawas
Utara.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan
Peraturan Daerah Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 Tentang Retribusi Tempat Khusus Parkir
Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pelayanan Penyediaan Fasilitas Parkir di Dinas
Perhubungan Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif
dengan analisis kualitatif, yaitu prosedur pemecahan masalah yang diselidiki
dengan pengamatan wawancara, menggambarkan keadaan objek penelitian pada
saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau sebagaimana adanya.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengenai retribusi
tempat khusus parkir di padang lawas utara belum terlaksana sesuai dengan yang
diharapkan masyarakat. Seringkali masyarakat dipungut biaya karcis parkir yang
melebihi dan tidak sesuai dengan pembayaran yang ada di peraturan daerah.
Dengan leluasanya petugas parkir memanfaatkan peluang tersebut karena
keterbatasan pengetahuan dari masyarakat terkait pembayaran yang semestinya
dibayar kepada petugas parki
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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