1,721,099 research outputs found
A perspective on bismuth based materials for the photodegradation of organic pollutants
Full text linkThe photoactive bismuth materials represent an interesting tool for facing the complexity represented by the organic contained wastewater streams and the engineering of their chemical and surface properties is the key to a solve the water pollution. In this review, we are discussing the use of bismuth based materials for photooxidative treatment of polluted water critically evaluating and highlighting the strengths and the weaknesses of the approach with a focus on the properties of the materials but reporting as well the currently available technologies providing an agile reference point in the field
Editorial for the special issue on carbon based electronic devices
Full text linkFor more than 50 years, silicon has dominated the electronics industry [...]
Computational Investigation of Interactions between Carbon Nitride Dots and Doxorubicin
Full text linkThe study of carbon dots is one of the frontiers of materials science due to their great structural and chemical complexity. These issues have slowed down the production of solid models that are able to describe the chemical and physical features of carbon dots. Recently, several studies have started to resolve this challenge by producing the first structural-based interpretation of several kinds of carbon dots, such as graphene and polymeric ones. Furthermore, carbon nitride dot models established their structures as being formed by heptazine and oxidized graphene layers. These advancements allowed us to study their interaction with key bioactive molecules, producing the first computational studies on this matter. In this work, we modelled the structures of carbon nitride dots and their interaction with an anticancer molecule (Doxorubicin) using semi-empirical methods, evaluating both geometrical and energetic parameters
Carbon for sensing devices
No full textThis book reveals why carbon is playing such an increasingly prominent role as a sensing material. The various steps that transform a raw material in a sensing device are thoroughly presented and critically discussed. The authors deal with all aspects of carbon-based sensors, starting from the various hybridization and allotropes of carbon, with specific focus on micro and nanosized carbons (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene) and their growth processes. The discussion then moves to the role of functionalization and the different routes to achieve it. Finally, a number of sensing applications in various fields are presented, highlighting the connection with the basic properties of the various carbon allotropes. Readers will benefit from this book’s bottom-up approach, which starts from the local bonding in carbon solids and ends with sensing applications, linking the local hybridization of carbon atoms and its modification by functionalization to specific device performance. This book is a must-have in the library of any scientist involved in carbon based sensing application. • Provides comprehensive coverage of carbon for sensing devices, from molecular bonding and its modification by functionalization to device application; • Discusses all forms of carbon for sensing devices, including carbon nanotubes and graphene, and explains applications to numerous fields; • Includes coverage of the most sophisticated and up to date fabrication methodologies
Carbon nanotubes: A new industrial revolution with implications on respiratory health?
No full textRecently science and technology have focused on materials having smaller and smaller size, paving the way to the research on nanomaterials and to the development of nanotechnology. In this paper we initially outline the terminology concerning nanomaterials. Then we briefly describe the various types of nanobjects and the reasons behind the booming of research in the field. We subsequently analyze carbon nanoparticles with special focus on Carbon NanoTubes (CNT) and Carbon NanoFibers (CNF) as they fit the definition of 'fiber' issued by the World Health Organization (WHO): length > 5 μm, width 3. A fiber might be relevant in pathogenetic terms when its structure allows inhalation and is vehiculated inside human respiratory system. Fibers that are sufficiently long and biopersistent will reach lungs and can lead to local oxidative stress and inflammation. In vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted the potential toxicity of CNT and CNF fibers at a pulmonary level, as they cause damages ranging from genetic modifications to allergic reactions, bronchial remodelling, formation of fibroblastic nodules, carcinogenicity. It is hence compulsory to develop a thorough risk assessment approach dealing with all Health Safety and Environmental (HSE) aspects from all people that might be affected, from workers in production plants to consumers
A Comprehensive Overview on Biochar-Based Materials for Catalytic Applications
Full text linkThe development of heterogeneous catalysts is one of the pillars of modern material science. Among all supports, carbonaceous ones are the most popular due to their high surface area, limited cost, and tunable properties. Nevertheless, materials such as carbon black are produced from oil-derived sources lacking in sustainability. Pyrolytic carbon produced from biomass, known as biochar, could represent a valid solution to combine the sustainability and performance of supported catalysts. In this review, we report a comprehensive overview of the most cutting-edge applications of biochar-based catalysts, providing a reference point for both experts and newcomers. This review will provide a description of all possible applications of biochar-based catalysts, proving their sustainability for the widest range of processes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nanographene patterns from focused ion beam-induced deposition structural characterization of graphene materials by XPS and raman scattering
No full textThe integration of carbon nanomaterials, having peculiar determined specifications and properties, presents fabrication and control challenges. The current attention on graphene research evidences the necessity to completely integrate gra phene in the standard semiconductor planar technologies as the route for future graphene-based nano-electronics. The chapter will introduce our work in Rius et al. (2012) as an approach inspired on the planar technology point of view and strategies. Merging the carbon nanomaterial preparation and lithography in a single processing step by means of focused ion beam induced deposition of carbon (FIBID-C), our route is a new concept of a robust and flex ible nanofabrication methodology for graphene. The strong points of this approach are (i) the uniqueness of the approach, toward transfer-free graphene-like patterns on insulators and (ii) a convenient platform for studying growth process of solid precursor-derived graphene-like materials. The nanographene products will be deeply investigated and characterized by means of two fundamental structural nondestructive techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy, using multi wavelength sources. The chapter will include a complete set of reference spectra of graphene, with their accurate discussion, high lighting the correlation of these two different, but comple mentary, analysis techniques (Yang et al. 2009)
Bismuth-nanocomposites modified SPCEs for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors
No full textWe present newly developed electrochemical sensors based on screen-printed carbon electrodes functionalized with HO-BiONO3, polyethylene glycol coated HO-BiONO3, and Bi5O7NO3. The performance of these sensors has been studied by cyclic voltammetry experiments and compared in terms of the kinetic rate constant, the sensitivity, and the limit of detection. The polyethylene glycol coated HO-BiONO3 sensor was found with higher oxidation peak current, lower oxidation peak potential, and assured a faster paracetamol reaction due to a higher kinetic rate constant of 42.0 ± 9.8 ms-1. This sensor also possessed lesser peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp) of 243 ± 10 mV with a higher chance of reversible reaction compared to other developed sensors. The polyethylene glycol coated HO-BiONO3 sensor also registered a sensitivity of 43.50 ± 0.54 μA/mM with a relative standard deviation of 1.24 %, which is more than double compared to the bare screen-printed electrode with a limit of detection of 2.24 ± 0.03 μM (R2 = 0.998, n=3). HO-BiONO3 and Bi5O7NO3 sensors also performed much better with slightly higher kinetic rate constant and higher sensitivity than the bare screen-printed electrode sensor
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