88 research outputs found
Comparison and transfer testing of multiplex ligation detection methods for GM plants
No full textAbstract Background With the increasing number of GMOs on the global market the maintenance of European GMO regulations is becoming more complex. For the analysis of a single food or feed sample it is necessary to assess the sample for the presence of many GMO-targets simultaneously at a sensitive level. Several methods have been published regarding DNA-based multidetection. Multiplex ligation detection methods have been described that use the same basic approach: i) hybridisation and ligation of specific probes, ii) amplification of the ligated probes and iii) detection and identification of the amplified products. Despite they all have this same basis, the published ligation methods differ radically. The present study investigated with real-time PCR whether these different ligation methods have any influence on the performance of the probes. Sensitivity and the specificity of the padlock probes (PLPs) with the ligation protocol with the best performance were also tested and the selected method was initially validated in a laboratory exchange study. Results Of the ligation protocols tested in this study, the best results were obtained with the PPLMD I and PPLMD II protocols and no consistent differences between these two protocols were observed. Both protocols are based on padlock probe ligation combined with microarray detection. Twenty PLPs were tested for specificity and the best probes were subjected to further evaluation. Up to 13 targets were detected specifically and simultaneously. During the interlaboratory exchange study similar results were achieved by the two participating institutes (NIB, Slovenia, and RIKILT, the Netherlands). Conclusions From the comparison of ligation protocols it can be concluded that two protocols perform equally well on the basis of the selected set of PLPs. Using the most ideal parameters the multiplicity of one of the methods was tested and 13 targets were successfully and specifically detected. In the interlaboratory exchange study it was shown that the selected method meets the 0.1% sensitivity criterion. The present study thus shows that specific and sensitive multidetection of GMO targets is now feasible.</p
Displacement, belonging, negotiation and third space in Mai Ghoussoub’s Selected writings, Zena El Khalil’s Beirut I love you, and Naima El Bezaz’s Vinexvrouwen -
No full textThesis. M.A. American University of Beirut. Department of English, 2014. T:6069Advisor : Dr. Amy Zenger, Associate Professor, English ; Members of Committee : Dr. David Wrisley, Associate Professor, English ; Dr. Syrine Hout, Professor, English.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87)This thesis examines the works of three postmodern authors: Selected Writings by Mai Ghoussoub’s, Beirut I Love You by Zena El Khalil and Vinexvrouwen (The Suburban Wives) by Naima El Bezaz. Through closely reading and analyzing their texts I show that narration is a tool with which they attempt to transcend their identities and ground themselves. I explore how writing created a Third Space symbolizing a home to all three writers, a space where diversity is appreciated and becomes the norm. The first chapter defines and explores the different definitions of the terms, displacement, belonging, negotiation and Third Space. The second chapter discusses the displacement of Mai Ghoussoub, Zena El Khalil and Naima El Bezaz and the different causes of displacement. The third chapter elaborates on the negotiation and belonging of the three authors. This chapter examines the different negotiation styles of each author and their attempts at belonging. The fourth chapter looks at the Third Space created by Mai Ghoussoub, Zena El Khalil and Naima El Bezaz through writing. This chapter discusses the need for narrative in creating an identity and home. I will attempt to show that the Third Space, instead of being a contested space, can be a source of stability and self expression. The fifth chapter concludes the thesis and finds that Mai Ghoussoub, Zena El Khalil and Naima El Bezaz created an additional space, a Third Space, through writing in which they are not touched by offensive behavior. They anchor themselves in a virtual Third Space and find a home within their texts
The added value of SPECT/CT in complicated osteomyelitis
No full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The detection of bone infection can be very difficult especially in bone with altered
structure due to prior trauma or surgical procedures. Complicated osteomyelitis (COM) is becoming a
public health problem especially with the difficult choice between, high cost surgery and prolonged
courses of intravenous or oral antibiotic therapy, as well as the social and psychological effect of longterm
disease and disability of the patient. The correct localisation of especially bone infection is still a
challenge for the clinician. The single photon emission computed tomography/low dose computed
tomography (SPECT/CT), by fusing the functional information with the anatomical parts, is a wellestablished
tool used in many nuclear medicine studies. This improves the overall quality of the study
with more clear answers. The aim of the study was to determine the added value of SPECT/CT in the
management of complicated osteomyelitis (COM) in patients with endo-prosthesis, post traumatic
osteomyelitis with and without metal implants and diabetic foot.
Methods: This was a prospective study, between February 2010 and February 2012. Patients with
suspected COM who fulfilled the selection and inclusion criteria were included. All had abnormal three
phase bone scan followed by infection imaging with 99mTc labelled white blood cells and 99mTc -colloid if
the99mTc labelled white blood cell study was abnormal. 67Ga citrate was used in vertebral involvement.
Planar and SPECT/CT images were reviewed for presence of abnormal uptake and for its localization in
bone and soft tissue. Scan results were defined as positive or negative. Both planar and SPECT/CT
images were compared regarding diagnosis and precise localization of infection. The final diagnosis was
obtained from surgical specimen or microbiological culture as well as clinical follow-up of all patients.
Results: There were 72 patients, 29 male and 43 female with mean age of 57 yrs [range 27-88].There
were 24 patients with prosthesis, 16 with hip prosthesis (PH=16), and 8 with knee prosthesis (PK=8).
There were 44 patients with post traumatic osteomyelitis, 26 with metal implants (TOM=26) and 18
without metal implants (TOWM= 18). Four patients had diabetic foot (DF= 4). Infection was diagnosed
in 19/72 patients on planar images and in 21/72 on SPECT/CT. Infection was diagnosed in 4 patients
with prosthesis, 16 patients with post traumatic injury and one diabetic foot patient. The four patients
with prosthesis, SPECT /CT added diagnostic value by excluding osteomyelitis in 3 patients and by
defining the exact extent and localizing soft tissue and bone infection (STI/OM) in one patient. In 16
patients with post traumatic OM on planar images, SPECT /CT added diagnostic value, by excluding OM in 4 patients and confirming only STI, better localisation of the uptake in bone
and soft tissue in 5 patients, of them 2 patient was negative on planar, and in 7 patients, confirmed and
defined the exact extent of
both OM and STI. One diabetic foot was positive for STI on the planar, the SPECT/CT added diagnostic
value by defining the extent of the infection.
In summary the added value of SPECT/CT was:
a. Overall infection:
1. Exclusion of osteomyelitis by confirming only soft tissue involvement: 7 patients (10%)
2. Better localization in bone and soft tissue: 6 patients (8%)
3. Better delineation of extent of infection: 9 patients (12%)
4. None: 50 patients (70%)
b. In positive cases only:
1. Exclusion of osteomyelitis by confirming only soft tissue involvement: 7 patients (33%)
2. Better localization in bone and soft tissue: 5 patients (24%)
3. Better delineation of extent of infection: 9 patients (43%)
4. None: 0 patients
The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for
infection, on planar was 90%, 100%, 100%, 97%, 97%, respectively and for SPECT/CT 100%, 100%,
100%, 100%, 100%. For OM on planar, the sensitivity, specificity , positive predictive value, negative
predictive value and accuracy was 100%, 89%, 53%, 100%, 90%, respectively and for SPECT/CT 100%,
100%, 100%, 100%, 100%.
Conclusion:
In complicated osteomyelitis, SPECT/CT is useful in localizing, defining the exact extent of infection
where the planar images are abnormal, with no added value if the planar images are negative. We
recommend in clinical practice the routine use of hybrid SPECT/CT imaging in complicated osteomyelitis
when planar images are abnormal.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die opspoor van beeninfeksie is veral moeilik in been wat as gevolg van vorige trauma of
chirurgiese prosedures misvorm is. Gekompliseerde osteomiëlitis word ‘n gesondheidsprobleem veral
as gevolg van die moeilike keuse tussen hoë koste chirurgie en langdurige kursusse binneaarse of orale
antibiotika, asook die sosiale en sielkundige gevolge van langstaande siekte en die gestremdheid van die
pasiënt.
Die korrekte lokalisering van veral beeninfeksie is steeds ‘n uitdaging vir die geneesheer. Enkel foton
emissie rekenaartomografie / lae dosis rekenaartomografie (SPECT/CT), die kombinasie van funksionele
en anatomiese inligting, is ‘n goed gevestigde metode in baie kerngeneeskunde ondersoeke. Dit
verbeter die algemene kwaliteit van die studie met ‘n meer spesifieke antwoord. Die doel van hierdie
studie was om die bykomende waarde van SPECT/CT in die hantering van gekompliseerde osteomiëlitis
in pasiënte met endo-protese, post traumatise osteomiëlitis met en sonder metaal prosteses asook
diabetiese voet te bepaal.
Metode: ‘n Prospektiewe studie is tussen Februarie 2010 en Februarie 2012 gedoen. Pasiënte met
vermoedelik gekompliseerde osteomiëlitis wat aan die keuse en insluitingskriteria voldoen het, is
ingesluit. Almal het abnormale drie-fase beenflikkergramme gehad, gevolg deur infeksiebeelding met
99mTc gemerkte witselle en 99mTc kolloïed indien die 99mTc gemerkte witselstudie abnormaal was.
67Ga sitraat is gebruik wanneer daar werwelaantasting teenwoordig was. Die planare en SPECT/CT
beelde is vergelyk ten opsigte van diagnose en presiese lokalisering van die infeksie. Die finale diagnose
is met behulp van chirurgiese monsters en mikrobiologiese kweking asook die kliniese opvolg van alle
pasiënte bepaal.
Resultate: Die studie het 72 pasiënte, 29 mans en 43 vroue, met gemiddelde ouderdom van 57 jaar [27
– 88 ingesluit]. Daar was 24 pasiënte met prosteses, waarvan 16 met heupprosteses (PH= 16) en 8 met
knieprosteses (PK= 8). Van die 44 pasiënte met post traumatiese osteomiëlitis, het 26 metaal prosteses
(TOM= 26) en 18 geen metaalprosteses gehad nie (TOWM= 18). Vier pasiënte het diabetiese voet gehad
(DF= 4). By 19/72 van die pasiënte is infeksie op die planare beelde gediagnoseer en in 21/72 op die
SPECT/CT beelde. Die bykomende twee gevalle was 1 met TOM en 1 met TOWM.
Infeksie is by 4 pasiënte met prosteses, 16 pasiënte met post traumatiese besering en 1 met diabetiese
voet gediagnoseer. In die vier pasiënte met prosteses, het SPECT/CT ‘n diagnostiese bydrae gelewer om
osteomiëlitis by 3 van die pasiënte uit te skakel en die presiese omvang en lokalisering van sagte weefsel en beeninfeksie (STI/OM) in een pasiënt te bepaal. In 16 pasiënte met
post traumatise osteomiëlitis op die planare beelde, was SPECT/CT van diagnostiese waarde, waar
osteomiëlitis in 4 pasiënte uitgesluit is, en slegs STI bevestig is. Beter lokalisering van die opname in
been en sagte weefsel was in 5 pasiënte moontlik, van wie 2 op die planare beelde negatief was, en in 7
pasiënte bevestig en die presiese omvang met beide OM en STI gedefinieer is. Een diabetiese voet was
positief vir STI op die planare beelde, maar die SPECT/CT het diagnostiese waarde verbeter deur die
omvang van die infeksie beter te toon.
Ter opsomming, was die waarde van die SPECT/CT:
1. Uitsluiting van osteomiëlitis deur slegs van sagte weefsel aantasting te bevestig:
7 pasiënte 10%
2. Beter lokalisering in been en sagte weefsel: 5 pasiënte 7%
3. Beter definisie van omvang van infeksie: 9 pasiënte 12%
4. Geen bykomende waarde: 51 pasiënte 71%
Die algehele sensitiwiteit, spesifisiteit, positiewe voorspellingswaarde, negatiewe voorspellingswaarde
en akkuraatheid vir die opspoor van infeksie vir die planare beelde was 90%, 100%, 100%, 97%, 97%,
onderskeidelik en vir die SPECT/CT 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% en 100%. Vir osteomiëlitis was
sensitiwiteit, spesifisiteit, positiewe voorspellingswaarde, negatiewe voorspellingswaarde en
akkuraatheid van planare beelde 100%, 89%, 53%, 100%, 90%, onderskeidelik en die van SPECT/CT
100%, 100%, 100%, 100% , 100%.
Gevolgtrekking: SPECT/CT is nuttig in die lokalisering en definiëring van die presiese omvang van die
infeksie in gekompliseerde osteomiëlitis in gevalle waar die planare beelde abnormaal is, met geen
bykomende waarde wanneer planare beelde negatief is nie. Ons beveel SPECT/CT beelding as roetine in
kliniese praktyk aan wanneer planare beelde in gekompliseerde osteomiëlitis abnormaal is
Тurcik words of an ottoman chronickle «Нistory of Naima» as stylistic and informational code
No full textСтаття присвячена одній зі стилістичних особливостей османського літопису поч. 18 ст.
«Історія Наїми». Проведений на основі корпусної методології лексикостатистичний аналіз хроніки
засвідчив, що в порівнянні з іншими османськими творами в ній домінують тюркські дієслова та
масдари. Втім, домінація не є такою відчутною, аби стверджувати, що автор радикально опонував
літературним канонам. Вжиток тюркізмів пояснюється намаганнями автора вплинути на адресата
тексту.
Ключові слова: літопис, текст, стиль, тюркізми, османська проза.Статья посвящена одной из стилистических особенностей османской летописи нач. 18 в.
«Истории Наимы». Проведенный на основании корпусной методологии лексико-статистический анализ
хроники засвидетельствовал, что по сравнению с другими османскими произведениями в ней доминируют
тюркские глаголы и масдары. Между тем, их доминирование не настолько ощутимо, чтобы
утверждать, что автор радикально оппонировал литературным канонам. Употребление тюркизмов
объясняется попытками автора повлиять на адресата текста.
Ключевые слова: летопись, текст, стиль, тюркизмы, османская проза.The article is devoted to one of stylistical peculiarities of an 18 c. Ottoman chronicle “History of
Naima”. This Ottoman prose work for a long time has been the subject of special interest for literary critics,
historians and linguists due to its stylistic features. The comparison of the chronicle frequency lexical parameters
with other Ottoman prose texts by corpus approach demonstrated that it had been created according to the
canons of Ottoman Prose Literature and rules of its language norm. Yet at the same time, «History of Naima»
differs from other texts in some obscure, inexpressive form, which let the annalist work stay quite famous in
Ottoman Literature for two centuries and not be forgotten as was the chronicle “Seyahatname” of the famous
traveler Evliya Chelebi. Verbs and masdars of Turkic origin prevail in Naima’s History in comparison with other
Ottoman Prose. Meanwhile this prevailing is not so noticeable as to claim that the author radically opposed
literary canons. More frequent using of Turkic words in the chronicle can be explained by author's attempts to
influence the recipient of the text with the aim to convince him of some political ideas.
Key words: chronickle, text, style, Turkic words, Ottoman prose
Тurcik words of an ottoman chronickle «Нistory of Naima» as stylistic and informational code
No full textСтаття присвячена одній зі стилістичних особливостей османського літопису поч. 18 ст.
«Історія Наїми». Проведений на основі корпусної методології лексикостатистичний аналіз хроніки
засвідчив, що в порівнянні з іншими османськими творами в ній домінують тюркські дієслова та
масдари. Втім, домінація не є такою відчутною, аби стверджувати, що автор радикально опонував
літературним канонам. Вжиток тюркізмів пояснюється намаганнями автора вплинути на адресата
тексту.
Ключові слова: літопис, текст, стиль, тюркізми, османська проза.Статья посвящена одной из стилистических особенностей османской летописи нач. 18 в.
«Истории Наимы». Проведенный на основании корпусной методологии лексико-статистический анализ
хроники засвидетельствовал, что по сравнению с другими османскими произведениями в ней доминируют
тюркские глаголы и масдары. Между тем, их доминирование не настолько ощутимо, чтобы
утверждать, что автор радикально оппонировал литературным канонам. Употребление тюркизмов
объясняется попытками автора повлиять на адресата текста.
Ключевые слова: летопись, текст, стиль, тюркизмы, османская проза.The article is devoted to one of stylistical peculiarities of an 18 c. Ottoman chronicle “History of
Naima”. This Ottoman prose work for a long time has been the subject of special interest for literary critics,
historians and linguists due to its stylistic features. The comparison of the chronicle frequency lexical parameters
with other Ottoman prose texts by corpus approach demonstrated that it had been created according to the
canons of Ottoman Prose Literature and rules of its language norm. Yet at the same time, «History of Naima»
differs from other texts in some obscure, inexpressive form, which let the annalist work stay quite famous in
Ottoman Literature for two centuries and not be forgotten as was the chronicle “Seyahatname” of the famous
traveler Evliya Chelebi. Verbs and masdars of Turkic origin prevail in Naima’s History in comparison with other
Ottoman Prose. Meanwhile this prevailing is not so noticeable as to claim that the author radically opposed
literary canons. More frequent using of Turkic words in the chronicle can be explained by author's attempts to
influence the recipient of the text with the aim to convince him of some political ideas.
Key words: chronickle, text, style, Turkic words, Ottoman prose
Günümüze ulaşmayan İstanbul yapıları (Naîma tarihi verilerine göre bir inceleme)
No full textNaima Tarihi Osmanlının sonun başlangıcı diyebileceğimiz bir dönemde kaleme alınan önemli bir kaynak kitaptır. Yazarı Mustafa Naîma kendi dönemini ve bir önceki dönemi inceleme şansı bulmuş bir tarihçidir. Eserinde, İbn Haldun’dan etkilendiği görmekteyiz. Bu yönü ile Naima eserlerinde sosyal meselelere yer verip, yangınları, et satış fiyatlarındaki artışları konu ettiği gibi, Amasya ‘da yapılmış olan çeşmeye kadar zengin bir içerikle bize dönemini anlatmaktadır. Bu araştırmada amacımız, Naima tarihinde yer alan İstanbul’un günümüze ulaşmamış yapıları tespit etmek, Naima’da geçen semt ve yaşam alanlarını görebilmek, sanat tarihine dair bir kaynak olduğunu belirlemektir. “Günümüze Ulaşmayan İstanbul Yapıları (Naîma Tarihi Verilerine Göre Bir İnceleme) ” Adlı bu çalışmada kaybolan İstanbul yapıları dokuz yapı türü olarak incelenmiştir. Kaybolan yapılara dair Naima tarihinde yer alan bilgiler verildikten sonra kaybolma nedenleri araştırılmış, yapı türü genel bilgisi verildikten sonra yapılar ve harita üzerinde yer tespiti yapılmıştır. Tezin kurgulanması şu adımlar doğrultusunda olmuştur. İlk bölümde, konunun önem ve niteliği, çalışma yöntemi, Naîma ve eseri, Naîma’da İstanbul hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, kaybolan İstanbul yapıları yapı türlerine göre incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, elde edilen yapı bilgileri, yok olma nedenleri ile değerlendirmeye tabi tutularak sonuca gidilmiştir.The Naima History is an important source book that is written that in begining of end of the Ottoman empire. The author Mustafa is a historian who has found a chance for examine of his time and his previous period. We can see in his book that his was influenced from the Ibn Khaldun. Naima with this aspect, while he mentions social issues in his book, like fires, like regarding to the increase in retail prices of meat, at the same time, he mentions about the fountain that is made in Amasya. He tells his own period with a rich content. Our purpose in this study that is determine structures of İstanbul there aren't survived that mentioned in history of naima, to see the neighborhood and habitats that mentioned in history of naima , to define as a resource for the history of art. “According to the history of Naima, structures of İstanbul that aren't survived Until today” That named in this study , The structures of Istanbul that are examined as nine kinds of structure. informations of the lost structures that are mentioned into history of naima is given after, causes of loss were investigated. The thesis have been editing in accordance with the following steps; In the first chapter, the importance of the subject, nature of the subject, its working method, Naima,and his work and are given information about Istanbul In the second part, the structures lost in Istanbul, according to the types of structure are investigated. In the third section, informations obtained from the structures were evaluated with its the causes of extinction
A Rule Based Question Answering System in Malayalam Corpus Using Vibhakthi and POS Tag Analysis
No full textAbstractMalayalam is an agglutinative language. Only a few numbers of works have been done in question answering system for Malayalam. To denote a relation to the verb or any other name some morphophonemic modifications are added to the noun in Malayalam sentences. These modifications are performed using vibhakthi. For example: etc. Here we proposed a QA system which gives word level answers by comparing vibhakthi and POS tags of question words, words in the corpus given as answer set
Effect of cobalt doping on structural and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline LaCrO3
No full textEffect of cobalt doping on structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline La0.8Pb0.2CrO3 orthochromite
No full textИз России в Мекку: хаджж как опыт социокультурного пограничья
No full textThe author discusses the special meaning and significance of Hajj in Islam: a journey to the holy city helped every Muslim to understand himself a member of a single Ummah. But the realities of the pilgrimage could make an obstacle in achieving of that goal. The article describes main routes of Hajj, which were used by the Russian Muslims; difficulties that pilgrims faced to on their way to Mecca. The author concludes: an ideal unity of all Muslims was troubled and challenged by everyday and technical difficulties on the way, an idealistic conception of the hajj contrasted to the realities of travel. As a result of the experience of hajj, Russian Muslims felt themselves as aliens at the sacred center of Islam.Автор рассказывает об особом смысле и значении хаджжа в исламе: путешествие в священный город помогало каждому мусульманину осознать себя членом единой уммы. Но реалии паломничества могли стать помехой в достижении этой цели. В статье даётся характеристика основных маршрутов хаджжа, которыми пользовались российские мусульмане; описываются трудности, с которыми паломники сталкивались на пути в Мекку. Автор делает следующий вывод: постулируемое единство всех мусульман разбивалось о бытовые и технические трудности в пути; представление о хаджже расходилось с реалиями путешествия. В результате в опыте хаджжа у российских мусульман появляется новая тема, в контексте которой паломники осознавали пространство Мекки ̶ центра ислама ̶ как чужое.
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