221 research outputs found

    Campiglia, Maddalena

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    Presents biographical and topical information on the contributions made by women during the Renaissance in such fields as medicine, religion, and art. Biographical entry on the author Maddalena Campiglia (1553-95) from Vicenza, Italy

    Parole chiave

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    Educazione, socializzazione, formazione dell identità, istruzione. Attorno a queste parole chiave si è sviluppata nel ventesimo secolo una riflessione importante che ha travalicato i confini della pedagogia. Via via che i fenomeni educativi si sono estesi da una élite circoscritta a tutti gli strati sociali, andando a intrecciarsi con più complesse variabili esterne, anche nel pensiero sociologico si è andata raffinando una elaborazione intorno ai perché dell educazione, alla funzione che riveste nella società moderna, agli attori principali del sistema educativo e alle sue tendenze di sviluppo. Questa antologia raccoglie 13 testi raggruppati nei quattro percorsi tematici - che aiutano a ripercorrere le tappe del cammino scientifico in sociologia dell educazione, ponendo a confronto autori classici (dall inizio del Novecento alle prime fasi della scolarizzazione di massa) e contemporanei (dagli anni Settanta in poi) di diverso orientamento: funzionalismo, conflittualismo, interazionismo simbolico, fenomenologia sociale, individualismo metodologico, teoria istituzionalista. Dalla voce degli autori emerge un ampio spaccato degli approcci ai fattori sociali dell educazione, toccando con mano l eredità del secolo passato e la complessità del dibattito attuale su una delle grandi questioni della nostra società. Una esaustiva presentazione delle tematiche e dei testi introduce il lettore alla metodologia dello studio mediante le fonti. Chiude il volume una breve descrizione della vita e delle principali opere di ciascun autore (a cura di D. Langialonga). Testi di: Simmel G., Parsons T., Berger P.L., Luckmann T., Wrong D.H., Cooley C.H., Mead G.H., Riesman D., Dubar C., Meyer J., Weick K.E., W.Becker H., Platt M.G., Coleman J..Education, socialization, social identity construction, schooling. Around this key-words an important reflection has been developed during all the Twenty Century, going beyond the pedagogical boarders. The more education has been spread out from a restricted elite to every social group, more the sociology has elaborated a large thinking upon the reasons of education, its functions in modern society, its most signfiicative actors and evaluable trends. This book collects 13 texts – divided in 4 thematic sections – that lead the reader to understand the path of modern sociology of education; it shows classical authors (from early Nineteen century to the mass education time) beside to contemporary authors (from the Seventies to now), form different approaches: functionalists; conflictualists; symbolic interactionists; methodological individualists; and institutional theorists. From the essais rises a wide scenary of the “social factors” in education, showing both the past heritage and the rich current debate on one of the most crucial issue in society. An exhaustive presentation of topics and texts introduces the reader to the study based on sources. At the end of volume is offered a short description of life and books of each author (written by D. Langialonga). Essays by: Simmel G., Parsons T., Berger P.L., Luckmann T., Wrong D.H., Cooley C.H., Mead G.H., Riesman D., Dubar C., Meyer J., Weick K.E., W.Becker H., Platt M.G., Coleman J.

    Mycomystes nigriventris Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2020, sp. nov.

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    <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs. 1–14</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <b> <i>Holotype</i>.</b> <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> holotype, sex undetermined, specimen not dissected (DZUP), “ Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Capão do Imbuia, CURITIBA, Paraná, Brasil, II–1966, R. Lange leg. [printed], \ DZUP 235198 [printed] \ HOLOTYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, red paper]”. <b>Type locality.</b> Capão do Imbuia, a quarter of the city of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná, South Brazil. Estimated coordinates: 25°25’40’’S, 49°16’23’’W.</p> <p> <b> <i>Paratypes</i>.</b> A total of 21 specimens, as follows: 1 specimen, sex undetermined (CAMB) “ Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ RIO GRANDE, R.G. SUL. BRASIL, VIII. 1979, L.C. ALVARENGA [handwritten] \ Coleção A.M. BELLO [printed] PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow pa- per]”; 1 ♀ (DZUP, dissected) “ Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Capão do Imbuia, CURITIBA, Paraná, Brasil, II– 1966, R. Lange leg. [printed], \ DZUP 235197 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 ♀ (DZUP, dissected) “ Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Capão do Imbuia, CURITIBA, Paraná, Brasil, II–1966, R. Lange leg. [printed], \ DZUP 235185 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MNRJ) “ Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ B. Rico Anhembi, S. Paulo, Brasil [printed], II. 1982 [handwritten], W. Rokermann [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MNRJ) “ Brasil – S. Paulo, Est. S. Paulo [printed], & VIII [handwritten], Saude [printed], 1920 [handwritten], An Pilzen gefunden. 8 [?]. 6. 1920, Melmi [? handwritten, versus label] \ <i>Mycotretus misellus Lac.</i> [handwritten], J. Guerin. det. 194 [printed] 8[handwritten] \ UR [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undeter- mined (MNRJ) “ Brasil – S. Paulo, Est. S. Paulo [printed], & VIII [handwritten], Saude [printed], 1920 [handwritten], An Pilzen gefunden. 8. VIII [?]. 1920, [? handwritten, versus label] \ <i>Mycotretus misellus Lac.</i> [handwritten], J. Guerin. det. 194[printed]8[handwritten] \ UR [printed] \ 110 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 ♂ (MCNZ, dissected) “ Triunfo, RS, (Copesul), 30. XI. 2004, A. Barcellos col. [printed] \ Col. MCN 232832 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci- Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 ♂ (MCNZ, dissected) “ Est. Ecol. TAIM, Rio Grande, RS, 17/XII [handwritten] / 19[printed]85[handwritten], A. Lise leg. [printed] \ Col. MCN [printed] 62631 [handwritten] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “Tapes, RS (Faz. São Miguel), 17. XII. 2003, Equipe Probio col. [printed] \ Col. MCN 225584 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “Triunfo, RS, (Copesul), 30. XI. 2004, R. Ott col. [printed] \ Col. MCN 232829 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “Montenegro, RS, 15/XII [handwritten]/19[printed]77[handwritten], H. Bischoff [handwritten] leg [printed] \ Col MCN 26.913 [handwritten] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “ Est. Ecol. TAIM, Rio Grande, RS, 15/X [handwritten] / 19 [printed] 85 [handwritten], A. Lise leg. [printed] \ Col. MCN. [printed] 62852 [handwritten] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [print- ed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “Tapes, RS (Faz. São Miguel), 17. XII. 2003, Equipe Probio col. [printed] \ Col. MCN 225720 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “Tapes, RS (Faz. São Miguel), 17. XII. 2003, Equipe Probio col. [printed] \ Col. MCN 225655 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “Cambará do Sul, RS, 21/XII [handwritten] 19 [printed] 94 [handwritten], A. Bonaldo [handwritten] leg. [printed] \ Col. MCN 238432 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MCNZ) “Triunfo, RS, (Copesul), 6. I. 2005, A. Barcellos col. [printed] \ Col. MCN 232830 [printed] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 1 specimen, sex undetermined (MZSP) “N. Teutonia., S. Catarina. [printed], 10.950 [handwritten] \ Coll. J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed], 17750 [handwritten] \ <i>Mycotretus nigropunctatus</i> var. D. Dup. [handwritten], J. Guerin. det. 19 [printed] 51 [handwritten] \ PARATYPUS <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade [printed, yellow paper]”; 4 specimens, sex undetermined (FSCA) “ Fazenda Bom Jesus das Ar- aucárias Reserva (PR, Brazil), Cultivo de <i>Pleurotus</i> sp., P. L. Lopes col. 18-19.II.2008 (noon) \ <i>Mycotretus gemmula</i> Lac., 1842, P. Lopez det. 2008”.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet, from the Latin adjective “niger, nigra, nigrum” (= black, dark, dusky) and the Latin noun “venter, ventris (m.)” (= “belly”), refers to its black ventral coloration.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> resembles its Mexican congener <i>M. ferrugineus</i> in the oval body shape and dilated tibiae. It differs in the black ventral coloration (yellowish to reddish-brown in <i>M</i>. <i>ferrugineus</i>), elytral punctation with rows of punctures uniformly longitudinal and not confluent (in <i>M</i>. <i>ferrugineus</i> these punctures are more irregular and confluent at disc), the lack of a conspicuous angle at the outer side of protibiae (present in <i>M</i>. <i>ferrugineus</i>) and the occurrence in the southern portion of the Neotropics (while <i>M</i>. <i>ferrugineus</i> occurs in the northern portion).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> TL = 4.27–6.12 mm (5.41± 0.59 mm, <i>n</i> = 9; length of the holotype = 5.65 mm). Body oval, widest at anterior third of elytra, TL/EW = 1.58–1.68 (1.63±0.03), GD/EW = 0.61–0.71 (0.66±0.034), glabrous, glossy; dorsal coloration homogeneously yellowish-brown or reddish-brown (Fig. 1). Ventral coloration yellowish-brown; prosternal process, meso- and metaventrite and legs blackish (Figs. 2, 3); head yellowish to reddish-brown (Figs. 1, 4); mouthparts yellowish to reddish-brown (Figs. 4–8), mentum plate subpentagonal, with a rounded outline (Fig. 8); antennae yellowish to reddish-brown, antennomeres VII to XI blackish.</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> Glabrous; punctation fine, sparse; frontoclypeal suture interrupted at middle. Clypeus shallowly, arcu- ately emarginate. Antenna (left antenna measured in holotype given in mm): FL, 0.71, CL, 0.53, CL/FL 0.74; length of antennomeres I to XI as follows (in mm): 0.19, 0.12, 0.21, 0.14, 0.11, 0.10, 0.10, 0.08, 0.13, 0.12, 0.18. Eyes glabrous (GW 0.43 mm in holotype), finely granulate. Mouthparts (Figs. 4–8): Labrum free, sclerotized, pubescent, slightly emarginate at middle. Mandibles short, broad; outer apical edge with one distinct depression containing setae; apex with two teeth; mandibular base emarginate, with additional outgrowth above mola; inner edge of right mandible with conspicuous additional mesal teeth, glabrous, absent in left mandible (Fig. 6, arrow); mola well-de- veloped, naked, distinctly transversely costate; prostheca distal to mola, soft, with additional tuft of setae. Maxillae with cardo subtriangular, stipes elongated; galea shorter but wider than lacinia, somewhat widened towards densely pubescent apex; lacinia much longer and narrower than galea, densely pubescent at apex, with highly sclerotized inconspicuous pair of hooks; maxillary palp with four palpomeres, palpomere I almost as long as palpomeres II–III combined; apical palpomere semicircular (Fig. 7, mp), asymmetrical, approximately 3.46× wider than long and 5× wider than apical labial palpomere. Three labial palpomeres on each palp, palpomere III club-shaped (asymmetrical, Fig. 7, lp); mentum subpentagonal, with a rounded outline (Fig. 4, arrow and Fig. 8).</p> <p> <b>Thorax.</b> Pronotum subtrapezoidal, edges bordered, sides moderately arcuate, convergent anteriorly. PW/PL = 0.43–0.60 (0.51±0.05), widest medially in both sexes; shiny, punctation single, interspaces microreticulate; punc- tures separated by about 3 puncture-widths at disc, each puncture bearing one very short minute seta (barely visible even at magnification of 150×); anterior edge slightly convex at middle, anterior angles sharp; lateral edge with one glandular pore on anterior angle and one on posterior angle. Scutellar shield BW 0.39 mm (in holotype), subpentagonal, nearly rounded laterally, glabrous, bearing few punctures. Elytra with weak anterior marginal bead; EL/EW = 1.16–1.23 (1.19± 0.02), EL/PL = 2.32–3.22 (2.73±0.35); moderately convex, with eight longitudinal rows of punctures; punctures separated by about 4 puncture-widths; interspaces between rows with fine, sparse punctures, each puncture bearing one minute seta (barely visible at magnification of 150×); elytral punctation with rows of punctures uniformly longitudinal and not confluent. Metathoracic wings developed. Prosternum convex; anterior margin smooth, pubescent; notosternal sutures distinct, entire; procoxal cavities ovate; prosternal process abruptly expanded apically, shallowly emarginate at apex; procoxal lines barely visible, short, nearly straight. Mesoventrite small, convex; mesocoxal lines straight to slightly arched; anterior edge slightly convex. Metaventrite convex, gla- brous, finely punctate; interspaces of punctures microreticulate; metacoxal lines conspicuous, approximately 0.69× as long as metaventrite; discrimen approximately 0.68× as long as metaventrite at midline. Metendosternite welldeveloped, sclerotized; laminae present, plate-like; anterior tendons thin, moderately separated. Legs: Procoxae oval; mesocoxae almost globular; metacoxae transverse, cigarette-shaped. Femora elongate, smooth, without spines or other outgrowths. Tibiae short, conspicuously widened apically and lacking a conspicuous angle at the outer side of protibia (present in <i>M. ferrugineus</i>) (Fig. 3, arrow); apex with crown of wide flat setulae and two apical spurs. Tarsi densely pubescent.</p> <p> <b>Abdomen.</b> Slightly elongate; punctation coarse, shallow; interspaces microreticulate; vestiture of sparse, slen- der setae. Coxal lines conspicuous, not continuous around coxae (approximately 0.64× length of first abdominal ventrite). Length of ventrites 1 to 5 as follows (in mm, from base to apex of each ventrite at the longitudinal mid- line): 0.85, 0.52, 0.26, 0.28, 0.48. <b>Male terminalia</b> (Figs. 9–12): penis (Fig. 9, pen) elongate, slightly curved; basal portion with short sclerotized projection linked to the apophyses; internal sac with well-developed, elongate flagel- lum (Fig. 9, fla), 1.88× as long as penis, slightly sinuous, with membranous portion (Fig. 10, arrow) between virga and head of flagellum; head of flagellum (Fig. 10, head) horseshoe-shaped, inner contours widely separated, ante- rior borders laterally rounded, shallowly fused medially. Apophyses (Fig. 9, apo), approximately 1.7× longer than penis. Tegmen sclerotized (Fig. 11); parameres reduced, sclerotized, with densely pubescent outgrowths, slightly dilated. Tergite VIII sclerotized, with sparsely distributed bristles. Sternite VIII slightly sclerotized. Laterotergite IX sclerotized, pubescent, posteriorly elongate, slightly narrowed; outer contours angulate; anteroventral edge with paired, subparallel lateral struts, connected at their anterior tips by small, transverse, slightly sclerotized sclerite. Posterior edge of sternite IX sclerotized; outer contour rounded; weakly membranous anteriorly. Tergite X sclero- tized; posterior edge with sparsely distributed bristles. <b>Female terminalia:</b> genitalia (Figs. 13–14) with gonostyli and gonocoxites strongly sclerotized; vagina elongate at level of gonostyli (Fig. 14, arrows); baculi of paraprocts sclerotized, slightly arcuate; spermatheca oval, sclerotized; spemathecal duct sclerotized, slightly sinuous. Tergite VIII sclerotized, with sparsely distributed bristles. Sternite VIII with conspicuous median strut.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The exact location of “Cerro de Plumas”, the type locality of <i>M. ferrugineus</i> cited by Gorham (1888), is unknown. It may refer to “Cerro de Palmas” in Veracruz, introduced as a correction to “Cerro de Plumas” in a subsequent issue of Biologia Centrali-Americana (Selander & Vaurie 1962). The type locality is certainly in Mexico, which places it far from the species described herein. <i>Mycomystes nigriventris</i> fits well in the genus because it has conspicuously dilated tibiae, an oval body, and a subpentagonal mentum plate, with a rounded outline and very elongate maxillary palpomeres in relation to labial palpomeres. All of these features are uncommon in Neotropical Tritomini and, as discussed below, they may also be found in at least four species of <i>Mycotretus</i>. Based on the original description, <i>Mycotretus misellus</i> Lacordaire is similar to <i>M. nigriventris</i> in the black ventral coloration. The type of <i>M</i>. <i>misellus</i> has not been located by either Alvarenga (1994) or the senior author of the present work. However, we think <i>Mycotretus misellus</i> is not conspecific to <i>M. nigriventris</i> based on the examination of a specimen identified as <i>M. misellus</i> from the Reiche collection, housed in the University Museum of Zoology Cambridge (Camdridge, UK). This specimen fits Lacordaire’s description well in the slightly elongate body and the coarse elytral punctation (features not observed in <i>M. nigriventris</i>). Aside from that, Lacordaire (1842) did not mention dilated tibiae, a conspicuous feature of <i>M. nigriventris</i>.</p> <p> <b>Host fungi.</b> There is a record of four specimens collected in <i>Pleurotus</i> sp. (Pleurotaceae) (see above the list of examined specimens).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> South and Southeast Brazil (Fig. 15).</p>Published as part of <i>Pecci-Maddalena, Italo Salvatore De Castro & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2020, Mycomystes nigriventris sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) from South America, with insights into the genus Mycomystes Gorham, pp. 579-586 in Zootaxa 4780 (3)</i> on pages 580-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3855417">http://zenodo.org/record/3855417</a&gt

    Barn-Owl painters in St.Peter's in the Vatican, 1604: three mocking poems for Roncalli, Vanni and Passignano (and a note on the breeches-maker)

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    The article is organized in two parts. The first is based on 3 unpublished poems which the author found in a MS in the BL, London. The author dates and edits the texts and demonstrates that they offer a wide range of new information about the patronage, the date and the reception of the three altarpieces by Vanni, Roncalli and Passignano in St.Peter's. The poems are analysed in the light of another MS held in the Archivio Capitolino, Rome, many passages from that MS have been edited as well since they were still unpublished or misreported, and overall misdated in the precedent literature. The comparison between the two MSS shed new light on the habit of writing mocking texts (generally sonnets or epigrams) on works of art in early modern era. The topic has been mostly neglected in the precedent literature. Therefore, the author analyses the texts in the context of other early modern sources. Being conceived immediately, as soon as a work was shown in public, these texts represent a first-hand account of the reception of works of art in their own time: i.g. one of the sonnet reports a slating comment on Caravaggio which adds a meaningful data to his reception in 1604. The last part of the article concerns a poem addressed to Domenico Carnevali da Modena (in the same MS at the BL), it has previously been published by J. Shearman but with a wrong date and many mistakes in the transcription. The author provides with a new date in the light of the first restoration of Raphael's Isahia in Saint Augustin. The study shows that the famous nickname "braghettone" could be intended to mock Domenico Carnevali as well

    Legal Aspects of the Ethical Principle of Protecting Legitimate Expectations (on the example of South America)

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    The principle of legitimate expectations becomes a new limiter of administrative action, further strengthening the legal positions of the subject. The author shows that the principle of legitimate expectations is aimed at protecting the positions of the subject. This doctrine belongs to administrative law and is associated with the ethical principles of morality, loyalty and, above all, good faith. Influenced by the Spanish experience, this is now a widespread approach in South American countries where the doctrine of legitimate expectation is mentioned in administrative procedures. This is particularly relevant predominantly in the context of administrative actions. The author highlights the idea that in South America, legal practice directly points to the principle of good faith as an effective means of preventing a negative attitude towards an individual. The paper analyses the features of the application of this principle in such South American countries as Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru, Bolivia and Uruguay. At the same time, the author notes that there are several factors that affect the operation of the principle, do not depend on normative acts, and may limit the protection of the legal positions of subjects. The most important of these is the process of transition to democracy, which is still ongoing in these countries and is strongly influenced by persistent primary dynamics such as the logic of so-called caudilism, idiosyncratic legal traditions and political practices, and complex and conflicting social, ethical and cultural contexts

    Event tree analysis for mountain roads under rockfall hazard

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    Rockfall is one of the most hazardous and dangerous landslide phenomena, which can significantly affect mountain roads. To the knowledge of the Author, limited studies focus on the quantitative risk assessment to pedestrians (hikers) and vehicles along mountain little traffic roads. A method tailored to these elements at risk is herein presented and applied to a real case. The calculation method is based on the Event-Tree Analysis, through which all the scenarios which can lead to a fatality or injuries are investigated. An application on a study case in the Italian Alps illustrates the potentialities of the methodology

    Alexander of Aphrodisias and De Interpretatione: The Case of the Proposition

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    This article considers a passage in Alexander of Aphrodisias' commentary on the Prior Analytics (in APr., 10, 13-28) concerning the definition of irporaut; (premiss or proposition). Its interest lies in the fact that Alexander establishes a very articulated relationship between the defmition of /cookout; that we find in Aristotle's Prior Analytics (24a16-17) and that of arcotpavrixo; kayo; (proposition) in De interpretatione (4, 17a2-3). Nonetheless, the author aims to demonstrate that this relationship is problematic and unnecessary because the definition of /cookout; in Prior Analytics is in fact independent from the definition of eurocavruce; koyoc. However, it is also the author's intention to show why Alexander does this

    Education and Citizenship between Decline of Charisma and Need of Educational Anchoring

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    This essay first discusses the meaning character education can still have in a late modern society, given the current crisis of definite educational purposes, particularly of the moral dimension of education. The author goes on to explain how such a loss of meaning could be traced back to some sort of ‘loss of charisma’ within the educational domain – a hard social fact that has to do both with norms and values and with teachers’ authority and role. Finally, the essay argues for the need of ‘anchorage’ by young people, and articulates the way such a need becomes manifest in the process of identity building, particularly in the public sphere
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