1,720,964 research outputs found
Modelli generativi a supporto dei processi di trasformazione territoriale
Full text linkThe ongoing research described in this paper is investigating a modelling system to combine visual tools with GIS technologies, in order to create a shared common language which could be able to really support wide area planning processes. The here proposed modeling system wants to improve the cognitive process through an interactive framework, which combines different data in a complex structure of relations and connections. Each data has assigned a spatial behaviour, which can be described by mathematical formulas of different nature. Furthermore, each element of drawing can be connected to others and produce an attractive or repulsive influence on them. In order to provide awareness on the spatial effect of planning choices, all functions among data within the model can be modified and set by users as decision makers, professionals and experts. Users can decide the influence among infrastructures, services and functions on different scales, as well as the suitability of a specific feature or the weights ofeach connections among data. Since this tool is based on parametric and generative features, the spatial behaviour of data is represented by volumes and shapes that changes their form in a three-dimensional environment. This tool can produce 3D shapes directly from databases maintaining all their properties. Users can modify the values of specific issues and see in real time the effects on urban shapes. The system can provide different kinds of output as 3D models, 3D diagrams or dynamic maps, but it can also be used to represent a large amount of thematic views, both spatial and non-spatial as suitability, density or real estate values through different visualization techniques. This method has been used to study an urban area. The research concerns the planning of brownfields localized on the metropolitan border of Turin (Italy). It involves the study of many aspects as well as transport system infrastructures and land use
Visualising accessibility: an interactive tool and two applications to empirical case studies of urban development and public engagement
Full text linkWhile a substantial body of literature exists on the theoretical definitions and measures of accessibility, the extent to which such measures are applied into practice to assess project alternatives is less frequent (Geurs and Van Wee, 2004). Recent studies affirm that one of the main barriers to the usability of accessibility measure is the lack of visualisation quality and mapping tool for accessibility representation (te Brömmelstroet et al, 2014), while visualisation tools are commonly recognised as the most effective methodology to facilitate knowledge sharing, particularly in those processes involving public stakeholders and non-experts with different expertise. Starting form this consideration, this paper presents an application of the Interactive Visualisation Tool, named InViTo (Pensa and Masala, 2014a; 2014b; Pensa, et al., 2014; Pensa, Masala and Lami, 2013; Pensa, Masala and Marina, 2013) able to generate maps of the level of perceived accessibility (i.e. “desirability”) of different urban areas. Desirability is here computed as the perceived level of access to different urban items as transport supply (metro and rail stations, public transport stops, parking) and urban activities such as hospitals, schools, museums. In this respect, the concept of desirability encompasses a measure of accessibility to several urban facilities, and the perception that residents of the study area have of such facilities. The InViTo tool allows to build up maps of desirability interactively, by making selection of the chosen items and by giving differential weights to each items. This makes the tools powerful and very useful particularly when discussing and showing analysis results to stakeholders, who could have the opportunity to see in real time the results of different scenario alternatives and assumptions.
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In the paper two applications are presented. The first one to the empirical case study of Rome, presents the steps to undertake in order to apply the tool: from data gathering, maps coding, and results representation. The second application aims at exploring the potential usability of the tool in engaging public stakeholders into the assessment of different urban development options. Furthermore, the results of a workshop held in Turin, in which public and private stakeholders were interactively involved, are discussed.
The paper is organised as follows. In section 2, an overview of the InViTo tool is given with a focus on its applicability formeasuring accessibility. In section 3 the results of the two InViTo applications are discussed. Conclusions are drawn in section 4, with an outlook to undergoing research issues
Geovisualization Tool on Urban Quality. Interactive Tool for Urban Planning
No full textThis paper describes the implementation of a tool that enables to gather and compare data from different sources for the benefit of urban planners. The tool is easy to access on different types of devices (personal computers, tablet, smartphones) thus being easily available in many various situations from urban planners and decision makers. It may also be used to find correlations between different phenomena in different time frames, so that solutions to possible problems can be rapidly suggested. The paper shows the process of implementation of the tool and some examples of application to the city of Torino in Northern Italy, a city who dealt with several urban transformation in the last two decades
From the smart city to the people-friendly city: Usability of tools and data in urban planning
No full textThis chapter addresses the smart city concept as a first step towards the formulation of a new sociallyimproved urban concept which may be defined as that of the "people-friendly city". This new task involves the employment of IT tools, but using new methods and pursuing different goals other than mere numerical information. In terms of the urban environment, this means that cities should be designed for people, and planning practitioners should be able to understand citizens' needs, communicate with them and involve them in a collaborative process. Therefore, an overview of the implications of smart cities for urban planning is followed by a more detailed analysis of Planning Support Systems (PSS) as innovative tools for enhancing the process of delivering a more inclusive and people-friendly urban environment. The lessons learnt from the application of the PSS tool is then illustrated in order to define the potentialities and key points for the development of similar tool
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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