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No full textAnxiety symptoms occur more frequently during adolescence and early adulthood, increasing the risk of future anxiety disorders. Neuroscientific research on anxiety has primarily focused on adulthood, employing mostly univariate approaches, discounting large-scale alterations of the brain. Indeed adolescents with trait anxiety may display similar abnormalities shown by adults in brain regions ascribed to the default mode network, associated with self-referential thinking and rumination-related processes. The present study aims to explore resting-state connectivity patterns associated with trait anxiety in a large sample of young individuals. We analyzed the rs-fMRI images of 1263 adolescents (mean age 20.55 years) and their scores on anxiety trait. A significant association between trait anxiety and resting-state functional connectivity in two networks was found, with some regions overlapping with the default mode network, such as the cingulate gyrus, the middle temporal gyri and the precuneus. Of note, the higher the trait anxiety, the lower the connectivity within both networks, suggesting abnormal self-referential processing, awareness, and emotion regulation abilities in adolescents with high anxiety trait. These findings provided a better understanding of the association between trait anxiety and brain rs-functional connectivity, and may pave the way for the development of potential biomarkers in adolescents with anxiety.Etude de cohorte sur la santé des étudiantsInitiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeau
Fronto‐Parietal and Cerebellar Circuits Characterize Individuals With Higher Trait Anxiety
No full text: Anxiety is a diffuse condition ranging from milder manifestations to severe disorders, impacting individuals' lives significantly. Specific sensitive periods such as adolescence and young adulthood are particularly vulnerable to anxious states, often associated with psychological traits like impulsivity, aggression and varying coping strategies. The goal of the present study is to address the need for a comprehensive analysis of trait anxiety by employing Parallel ICA, a data fusion machine learning technique, in a sample of young individuals divided into a lower anxiety group (n = 252) and a higher anxiety group (n = 302), aiming to identify the joint grey-white matter networks characterizing higher versus lower trait anxiety. Additionally, we aim to characterize higher anxiety individuals for their usage of maladaptive coping strategies, and other affective dimensions. In higher anxious individuals, we identified a fronto-parieto-cerebellar network with decreased grey matter concentration, linked to bodily awareness and threat modulation, and a parieto-temporal network with increased white matter concentration, emphasizing insula and precuneus role. At the psychological level, we found higher stress, cognitive and motor impulsivity and avoidance/emotional coping in higher anxious individuals. These findings may enhance the understanding of anxiety's neural underpinnings in young individuals, supporting early interventions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Depression, depressive symptoms, and dementia : mediation of blood pressure
No full textLa dépression (caractérisée ou subsyndromique) est fréquente tout au long de la vie et les démences sont des pathologies fréquentes du sujet âgé. Une association longitudinale entre la dépression ou les symptômes dépressifs et la démence a été rapportée. Cependant, le sens de cette association demeure incertain et ses mécanismes pathogéniques selon l’âge de l’apparition des manifestations dépressives sont largement méconnus. Les facteurs de risque vasculaires sont associés à la démence et une comorbidité vasculaire est également retrouvée chez le sujet âgé dépressif. L’hypothèse qu’un ou des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires constitue(nt) l’ultime dénominateur commun des troubles de l’humeur et de démences devrait être vérifié. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les liens entre la pression artérielle, la dépression et la démence. Dans un échantillon de 9294 sujets âgés de 65 ans et plus (Etude 3C), non institutionnalisés, suivis pendant 4 ans, nous avons retrouvé une association entre les symptômes dépressifs sévères à l’inclusion et le risque de démence (en particulier vasculaire) incidente. A l’opposé, les antécédents dépressifs n’augmentaient pas le risque de démence. Nos analyses transversales indiquaient une pression artérielle plus basse chez les sujets dépressifs comparés aux sujets non dépressifs. Pour terminer, l’association entre les symptômes dépressifs sévères et la démence n’était pas médiée par l’hypertension artérielle. Nos résultats indiquent que les symptômes dépressifs semblent constituer une expression non cognitive de la phase prodromale de la démence plutôt que d’en être un facteur de risque. L’explication d’une pression artérielle plus basse chez les sujets dépressifs comparés aux sujets non dépressifs n’est pas univoque. Une pression artérielle basse pourrait conduire à une hypoperfusion cérébrale, corrélée aux lésions de la substance blanche dans les régions les plus sensibles aux modifications du flux sanguin cérébral et dont l’altération est associée aux manifestations dépressives et cognitives. Ce travail offre de nouvelles perspectives de définition des groupes de population à haut risque de démence, et des perspectives de recherche sur les mécanismes biologiques liant la pression artérielle et la dépression. D’un point de vu méthodologique, il met l’accent sur la nécessité des méthodes d’évaluation fiables et précises des cas pathologiques (dépressifs et déments), lesquels influencent réciproquement l’évaluation de chacun.Depression is highly common throughout the life course and dementia is common in late life. Depression has been linked with dementia, yet the direction and pathological mechanisms of this association (whether depression is a prodromal feature or consequence of, or a risk factor for dementia) remains unclear. Vascular risk factors are associated to the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia and comorbid vascular disease is a feature of depression in latelife. Therefore, the hypothesis that vascular risk factors are the ultim denominator of psychological perturbations and dementia is to be verified. The aim of this work was to study the links between blood pressure, depression and dementia. In a cohort of 9294 community-dwelling elderly individuals aged 65 years and over, participating to the longitudinal population-based 3 City Study, followed up for 4 years, we found an association between baseline depressive symptoms’ severity and the incident dementia risk (particularly of vascular type). Conversely, we found no association between history of depression and incident dementia. Moreover, our cross sectional analyses exhibited an inverse association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure values and depression. Overall, however, the association between depressive symptoms and dementia was not mediated by hypertension. These results indicate that depression is rather a prodromal symptom of vascular dementia than a risk factor for it. The explanation for the inverse association found between blood pressure values and depression is not straightforward. Low blood pressure may lead to cerebral hypoperfusion found to be associated with white matter lesions in cerebral regions vulnerable to alterations of cerebral blood flow, and associated with cognitive impairment and depression. This work offers the opportunity for the definition of group of populations at high risk to develop dementia, vascular one in particular. It also gives the perspective of research on the biological mechanisms linking blood pressure and depression. From a methodological point of view, it emphasizes the need for instruments assessing precisely and thoroughly these two conditions which influence the assessment of each other
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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