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Toulmin (Stephen). Kosmopolis, Verborgen agenda van de Moderne Tijd
No full textRoviello Anne-Marie. Toulmin (Stephen). Kosmopolis, Verborgen agenda van de Moderne Tijd. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 70, fasc. 4, 1992. Histoire médiévale, moderne et contemporaine — Middeleeuwse, moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. pp. 997-999
Toulmin, Stephen, The Construal of Reality: Criticism in Modern and Postmodern Science, pp. 99-117 in W. J. T. Mitchell, ed., The Politics of Interpretation . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
No full textShows how humanistic inquiry operates in natural sciences too
Divided loyalties and ambiguous relationships
No full textThe author argues that conflicts of obligation may, but need not, give rise to issues of divided loyalties. Given this, the question then becomes under what circumstances and conditions a simple internal conflict may escalate into the problem of divided loyalties or fiduciary ambiguities. After discussing conflicts of obligation, it is asserted that loyalties are divided only when the demands of the various relationships involved are irreconcilable. As this is an extreme, the major problematic issues fall, then in between, on multiple loyalties and ambiguous loyalties. How and where multiple loyalties arise, and under what conditions they may become ambiguous loyalties lead to the recognition that moral problems are created by leaving in ambiguity things about the relationships involved that would be better sorted out. Finally the author looks at situations in which physicians are systematically exposed to irresoluble ambiguity.divided loyalties bioethics medical ethics ethics
De qué manera la medicina le salvó la vida a la ética
No full textIn this essay the author relates bioethics to Anglo-Saxcin moral philosophy in the early twentieth century. According to him the direct engagement ofmoral philosophers with concrete cases and issues in medicine and biomedical research helped to rescue ethics from the abstract irrelevance into which much of the field had fallen
De qué manera la medicina le salvó la vida a la ética
No full textIn this essay the author relates bioethics to Anglo-Saxcin moral philosophy in the early twentieth century. According to him the direct engagement ofmoral philosophers with concrete cases and issues in medicine and biomedical research helped to rescue ethics from the abstract irrelevance into which much of the field had fallen
Divided Loyalties and Ambiguous Relationships
No full textUsing examples from occupational medicine, sports medicine, and
clinical trials, Toulmin discusses two of the moral conflicts he believes are
common to all professions: conflicts of obligations and divisions of
loyalties. Conflicts of obligation are inherent in all medical practice, the
author argues, and cannot be resolved by balancing claims, but only by
choosing one obligation over another. Conflicts of loyalty result when a
physician's relationships "t
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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