1,720,963 research outputs found
La disciplina europea sui Novel Foods tra innovazione e trasparenza
No full textIl rapporto tra innovazione scientifica e innovazione giuridica trova nella disciplina europea sui novel food profili peculiari correlati all’accesso al mercato di alimenti innovativi, potenzialmente idonei a contribuire al raggiungimento degli obiettivi di sostenibilità e di sicurezza alimentare come individuati, nel contesto internazionale, dall’Agenda 2030 delle Nazioni Unite e successivamente declinati, nell’ambito dell’Unione europea, dall’European Green Deal e dalla Strategia Farm to Fork. Attraverso una ricostruzione dei cambiamenti che hanno interessato la regolazione europea in materia, il lavoro di ricerca illustra e discute le problematiche che l’applicazione del Reg. (UE) 2015/2283 sugli alimenti nuovi pone nella catena alimentare, con particolare attenzione al ruolo svolto dai principi di innovazione, precauzione e trasparenza nella procedura di autorizzazione pre-market dettata dal legislatore europeo. L’analisi giuridica esplora, in particolare, le garanzie di trasparenza previste nella procedura di risk assessment, come modificata dalla riforma introdotta dal Reg. (UE) 2019/1381, interrogandosi sulla idoneità della normativa a far fronte alle sfide che la produzione e la commercializzazione di alimenti nuovi pongono nel mercato agroalimentare europeo.The relationship between scientific innovation and legal innovation finds in the European regulation on novel foods peculiar profiles related to the market access of innovative foods, potentially suitable to contribute to the achievement of sustainability and food security objectives as identified, in the international context, by the United Nations 2030 Agenda and subsequently declined, within the European Union, by the European Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy. Through a reconstruction of the changes that have affected the European regulation on the subject, the research work illustrates and discusses the issues that the application of Reg. (EU) 2015/2283 on novel foods poses in the food chain, with particular attention to the role played by the principles of innovation, precaution and transparency in the pre-market authorisation procedure dictated by the European legislator. The legal analysis explores, in particular, the guarantees of transparency provided in the risk assessment procedure, as amended by the reform introduced by Reg. (EU) 2019/1381, questioning the suitability of the legislation to meet the challenges that the production and marketing of novel foods pose in the European agri-food market
Sull’uso dei medicinali veterinari in allevamento tra benessere animale e resistenza antimicrobica
No full textIn the light of the increased importance and value farm animal welfare has gained in the last decades, this contribution highlights how not only does antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent today a threat to public and animal health, but it constitutes also an obstacle to the European legal and policy strategy on animal welfare. In this respect, the analysis of Regulation (EU) No. 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products (which include antimicrobials) will help demonstrate how an appropriate and responsible approach to AMR requires, firstly, respect for farm animals as sentient beings; secondly, a set of legal rules legitimised by both an evidence-based science and a science-based ethics; thirdly, the use of innovative soft law tools that, by fuelling a “race to the top,” may enhance efficiency and profitability of livestock farming
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Characterization of the biological role of RIPK2 in carcinogenesis
No full textBackground. Cell survival, inflammation and cell death are the main processes involved in cellular homeostasis. The deregulation of these events can lead to the onset of several pathologies, including cancer. Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 2 (RIPK2) plays a key signalling role in host defence, inflammation as well as in regulated cell death (1). Till now, it is known that RIPK2, through its CARD functional domain, is able to trigger the activation of NF-kB or the MAP kinase pathway playing a fundamental role in the immune response and inflammation (2) but little scientific evidence explain the direct involvement of the protein kinase in cancer, particularly in haematological malignancies (3). Hence, more studies are necessary to better clarify its involvement in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Aim: The aim of our work is to better define the biological role of RIPK2 in cancer with a particular focus in leukaemia, in order to clarify its molecular mechanisms. Here we also provide a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of action of new epi-drugs, highlighting their ability to directly target RIPK2. Methods: To achieve the various objectives, we have made use of RT-qPCR, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence. Results. RIPK2 is differentially expressed in tumour cell lines. In particular, we focused our attention on two myeloid cell lines (U-937 and HL-60) with a different degree of differentiation for subsequent proteomic analyses and cellular localization studies. Furthermore, RIPK2 appears to be modulated after the treatment with a previously characterized epi-drug, highlighting the possible involvement of RIPK2 in the cell death process. Conclusions. The effects observed by the compound strengthen its potential role as an anti-tumor agent in leukaemia mediated by RIPK2 expression. However, further molecular and enzymatic investigations will be necessary to better understand the biological role of RIPK2 in carcinogenesis, especially in hematological malignancies
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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