196,036 research outputs found
An optimised neurobehavioural observation battery integrated with the assessment of cardiovascular function in the beagle dog
No full textIntroduction
The objective of this study was to describe an optimised neurobehavioural observation battery in the beagle dog and to demonstrate that it can be used for an integrated assessment of cardiovascular and neurobehavioural functions within a single Safety Pharmacology study.
Methods
A standardised and detailed observation battery was established based on the direct examination of 44 signs, including behavioural responses and a full, systematic neurological examination, using clearly defined numerical scores. To complete the neurobehavioural assessment the remote observation of animals by video recording was also performed. Results from two studies, where cardiovascular and neurobehavioural parameters were assessed using drugs that either showed or did not show cardiovascular effects, are presented to show the influence of the direct neurobehavioural exam on the telemetrically acquired cardiovascular parameters.
Results
Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were affected by the handling required for the neurobehavioural procedure for a total of approximately 25 min, consisting in 20 min needed for the sequential neurobehavioural observation of four dogs (requiring approximately 5 min each) and approximately 5 min to return to baseline. Drug related cardiovascular effects were not affected by the changes associated with these neurobehavioural observations. More evident cardiovascular changes were observed with other routine procedures such as feeding.
Discussion
The direct neurobehavioural examination caused fluctuations of the telemetric cardiovascular parameters for no more than 5 min from the end of the procedure and this did not alter or jeopardise the analysis and interpretation of the cardiovascular parameters. These results confirmed that this optimised neurobehavioural observation battery can be used in the beagle dog for a reliable integrated assessment of neurobehavioural and cardiovascular changes during the course of Safety Pharmacology evaluations
A canine model used to simultaneously assess potential neurobehavioural and cardiovascular effects of candidate drugs
No full textIntroduction
Unwanted effects of drugs on neurobehavioural and cardiovascular functions are normally assessed in separate studies and using different animals. A new model using dogs which allows for the integration of these assessments into a single study was established and validated, adopting the most sophisticated technologies for both monitoring behaviour by video recordings and cardiovascular parameters by telemetry.
Methods
Conscious male beagle dogs (n = 4) were given single oral doses of vehicle, and d-amphetamine (0.25, 0.75, 1.5 mg/kg) or acepromazine (0.05, 0.3, 2 mg/kg) within two different studies. Blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram (EKG), body temperature, motor activity and behaviour (by video) were monitored continuously for 24 h post-dose. Animals underwent a full neurobehavioural examination the day before dosing, at the time to the maximal plasma concentration (Tmax) and 24 h post-dose.
Results
d-Amphetamine: a dose-dependent increase in arterial blood pressure was noted at all doses and was generally associated with an increase in the QA interval, an index of cardiac contractility. Heart rate also increased but only at the 1.5 mg/kg dose. A dose-dependent general excitatory state of the nervous system was observed, characterised mainly by hyper-reactivity, and stereotyped activities. Acepromazine: a decrease in systolic blood pressure was detected at 0.3 and 2 mg/kg generally associated with a decrease in pulse pressure reflecting a negative inotropic effect. A dose-related increase in heart rate accompanied this effect. Dose-dependent general depression of the nervous system was noted; mainly characterised by half-closed eyes, subdued behaviour and impaired posture. In both studies, all dogs completely recovered at approximately 16 h after treatment.
Discussion
Cardiovascular and neurobehavioural changes expected from the pharmacology of test substances were accurately detected. No significant fluctuations of the telemetric parameters recorded were noted as a consequence of the handling associated with the direct neurobehavioural examination. These results confirm the validity of this combined model capable of providing a reliable neurobehavioural and cardiovascular assessment of drugs
Spontaneous bladder perforation due to eosinophilic cystitis: a case report
No full textWe report a case of eosinophilic cystitis the onset of which was characterized by
acute peritonitis secondary to a spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the
vesical cupula. The patient was treated with urgent partial cystectomy in another
hospital and 3 months later he underwent endoscopic diathermic coagulation of a
residual inflammatory lesion at our institution. After an 18 month endoscopic
follow-up no further signs of recurrent eosinophilic cystitis have been pointed
out. The non-traumatic bladder perforation and the absence of any other bladder
pathology might indicate that eosinophilic cystitis can be responsible for
complete bladder ruptur
An integrated cardiovascular and neurobehavioural functions assessment in the conscious telemetered Cynomolgus monkey
No full textIntroduction
Unwanted effects of drugs on neurobehavioural and cardiovascular functions are normally assessed in separate studies and using different animals. The purpose of this study was to validate, in the monkey, a model that incorporates the neurobehavioural assessment into the Safety Pharmacology cardiovascular study, allowing for an integrated evaluation of these two physiological systems.
Methods
Conscious male cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys (n = 4) were given single oral doses of vehicle, d-amphetamine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) or diazepam (0.5, 1 and 2.5 mg/kg) in a dose-escalation study design. Blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG), body temperature, locomotor activity and behaviour (by video) were monitored continuously for 24 h post-dose. Animals underwent a standardised neurobehavioural test battery which allowed the direct examination of 31 signs, including behavioural responses and neurological examinations, conducted the day before dose, at maximal plasma concentration time (Tmax), and 24 h post-dose. The study was carried out in a first phase with telemetric cardiovascular recording only, and a second phase with telemetric cardiovascular recording and neurobehavioural observations. Results from the second phase of the study were used to evaluate the influence of the direct neurobehavioural examination on the telemetrically acquired cardiovascular parameters.
Results
The expected cardiovascular and neurobehavioural changes, based on the pharmacological properties of the compounds tested, were accurately detected. In the second phase of the study the direct neurobehavioural examination caused fluctuations of the telemetric cardiovascular parameters for no more than 20 min from the end of the procedure and this did not alter or jeopardise the analysis and interpretation of the cardiovascular parameters.
Discussion
These results confirm the validity of this combined model capable of providing in the cynomolgus monkey a reliable and reproducible neurobehavioural and cardiovascular assessment of candidate drugs during the course of safety pharmacology evaluations
Surgical repair of congenital penile curvature
No full textCongenital penile curvature is not such a rare pathology and it is responsible for important aesthetic and functional problems. This malformation, can render intercourse difficult and painful, but it can be cured with a simple surgical procedure that almost always guarantees excellent results. In this work we report on the treatment of 48 patients (aged 16-34) with congenital penile curvature with a follow-up of 6 months to 10 years. The aetiology is also briefly analysed. A discussion follows on the diagnostic criteria for better interpretation of the main characteristics of this problem in relation to its functional appearance. A comparison of different surgical techniques is also shown, focusing over the procedure we perform: plissettage of the tunica albuginea. This technique is performed through a penile skin incision opposite to the maximal curvature of the organ, exposure of the tunica albuginea and the positioning of one or more series of stitches. The overall results show that 44 out of 48 patients were fully satisfied both from the aesthetic and functional points of view, while 4 were partly satisfied from the aesthetic point of view alone
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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