1,721,100 research outputs found
Role of oxidized low density lipoproteins and free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of glomerulopathy and tubulointerstitial lesions in Type 2 diabetes
No full textParità di trattamento e non discriminazione in ambito lavoristico tra Dichiarazione universale e diritto dell’Unione europea
No full textSimvastatin maintains steady patterns of GFR and improves AER and expression of slit diaphragm proteins in type 2 diabetes Kidney International
No full textThe effect of sex and gender on diabetic complications
No full textWhile in non-diabetic people the risk for cardiovascular disease is higher in men, diabetes completely reverts this sex-gender difference conferring to women a greater burden of cardiovascular complications. Additionally, all risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease appear to be more active in diabetic females than in their male counterparts. The reasons of this different impact of diabetes between genders are not completely clear. The aim of this review is trying to clarify these issues in a sex and gender perspective. Both genetic and hormonal factors are at the basis of sexgender differences in diabetes, even do not explain the totality of data. Possibly women arrive later and in worse conditions to the diagnosis of diabetes, receive both diagnostic and therapeutic supports in a lesser measure and, finally, reach therapeutic goals as recommended by guidelines in a lesser extent. Further aspects of sex-gender differences in diabetic complications are represented by a more frequent prevalence of drug side effects in women, as well as by increased resistance to the action of drugs used in prevention or in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases. As to microvascular complications, the issue of sex-gender differences is even more complex, with some important differences emerging in experimental models ‘in vitro’, as well as in human pathology ‘in vivo’. The main problem, however, also in this case, is that it is difficult to differentiate how common pathogenetic mechanisms acting in diabetes may differently impact between genders. In conclusion what is evident is that diabetes represents a ‘risk magnifier’ for the damage of both micro and macrovessels differently in men and in women. This issue deserves, therefore, a more careful approach from people involved in both clinical aspects and research regarding diabetes and its complications, in a sex-gender oriented perspectiv
Letter to the Editor: CoVid-19 and type 1 diabetes: Every cloud has a silver lining. Searching the reason of a lower aggressiveness of the CoronaVirus disease in type 1 diabetes
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Sex-gender differences in diabetes vascular complications and treatment
No full textDiabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases act as two sides of the same coin: diabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease while patients with ischemic cardiovascular diseases often have diabetes or pre-diabetes. As firstly shown by Framingham study, diabetic women have an increased cardiovascular risk about 3.5 fold higher than non diabetic women, against an increase of "only" 2.1 fold found in male subjects. In view of the impact of sexual hormones on glucose homeostasis, the molecular pathways involved in insulin resistance suggest a sex-gender specificity mechanism in the development of diabetic complications leading to the unmet need of sex-gender therapeutic approaches. This has also been seen in other diabetic complications such as renal diseases, which seems to progress at a faster rate in females compared with males and women benefit less from treatment than do men. Of note, none of the trials done so far are primarily designed to assess sex-gender differences in the benefit from a specific intervention strategy, de facto excluding fertile women from experimentation. In order to provide a more evidence based medicine for women and to reach equity between men and women, sex-gender epidemiological reports, preclinical and clinical research are mandatory to evaluate the impact of gender on the outcomes and to improve sex-gender awareness and competency in the health care system. Future studies should consider sex-gender differences in the setting of randomized controlled trials with drugs
La Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani nella prassi della Commissione africana e nella giurisprudenza della Corte africana dei diritti umani e dei popoli
No full textThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Practice of the African Commission and in the Case Law of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. – This chapter contributes to the debate between universalism and cultural relativism in international human rights law. In particular, it shows the predominance of cultural relativism in the African Human Rights System. In order to reach such outcome, the chapter assesses the scarce significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights – that is the main symbol of the universalist approach to international human rights law – in the African Human Rights System. First, the Universal Declaration is barely considered in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, protecting (on the contrary) the African cultural traditions, sometimes even to the detriment of certain “universal” human rights. Second, the Universal Declaration has a marginal position in the practice of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, notwithstanding the relevant reference in Art. 60 of the African Charter concerning
the law from which the Commission shall draw inspiration. Third, the Universal Declaration has a very limited role also in the case law of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, although the Court has a broad ratione materiae competence and claimants report very often about alleged violations of the Universal Declaration by States. In a nutshell, it is submitted that the cultural relativism of the African Charter has remained unchallenged,
and has been even enhanced in the practice of the African Commission and in the case law of the African Court, where the Universal Declaration has thus found little space
Importance of glycemic control on the course of glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetes with hypertension and microalbuminuria under tight blood pressure control
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