1,721,041 research outputs found
Possible implication of disordered neutrophil extracellular traps in the pathogenesis of MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis
Get PDFNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are characterized by the presence of extracellular DNA fibers studded with antimicrobial proteins, including myeloperoxidase (MPO). Although NETs play an important role in the innate immune system, the scattered extracellular enzymes, such as MPO, pose risks to the host. Therefore, NETs are strictly regulated by DNase I in the serum, which prevents them from persisting. Recent studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of NETs could be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we interpret the association of disordered NETs with autoimmune diseases, especially propylthiouracil-induced MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis
Corticomedullary differentiation and maturational arrest in thymomas
No full textAimsMorphological complexity hampers the histological classification of thymomas. Our aim was to determine whether the use of novel differentiation and maturation markers of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (cTECs and mTECs) might provide an approach to understanding the underlying biology of these tumours. Methods and resultsFifty-seven thymomas were studied by immunohistochemistry. The cortical markers used were B5T, PRSS16, and cathepsin V. The medullary markers used were CD40, claudin-4, AIRE, and desmin. Involucrin and cytokeratin 10 were used to study terminal mTEC maturation. Irrespective of histological subtype, most thymomas contained distinct areas with cortical and medullary differentiation. Type B1, type B2 and type AB thymomas showed marked bi-lineage differentiation, with lack of terminal mTEC maturation in type AB. Type AB thymomas were unique in showing areas where cells with either cortical or medullary differentiation were intimately mixed' at the single-cell level. Type B3 and type A thymomas showed only abortive lineage differentiation and maturation. ConclusionsThymomas show highly characteristic patterns of bi-lineage TEC differentiation that reflect the histological subtypes recognized by the WHO classification. We hypothesize that thymomas arise from thymic precursor cells with different cortical and/or medullary maturation defects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Human papillomavirus 16-positive uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma with coinfection with human papillomavirus 34 has a lower incidence in lymph node metastasis than that without coinfection with human papillomavirus 34
Get PDFOur earlier study demonstrated high prevalence of multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in patients with invasive uterine cervical cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). HPV 16 is the most predominant genotype related to SCC of the uterine cervix. The aim of this study was to reveal the biological significance of multiple HPV infection concerning the tumor progression of invasive uterine cervical SCC. In the present study, the effects of coinfection with genotypes other than HPV 16 on tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of invasive uterine cervical SCC with HPV 16 infection were examined. Although coinfection with most genotypes did not influence tumor progression, the clinical stage of patients coinfected with HPV 16 and HPV 34 was significantly lower than that of those without HPV 34 coinfection (p = 0.0038). Moreover, no patient coinfected with HPV 16 and HPV 34 manifested lymph node metastasis, but about half of the patient population without HPV 34 coinfection did (p = 0.0299). These findings suggested that coinfection with HPV 34 could prevent the tumor progression of invasive uterine cervical SCC with HPV 16 infection. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Base
A Case of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Penis
Get PDFA 75-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of a foul smelling, painful swelling of the glans of the penis. Physical examination showed a true phimosis and a huge solid mass on the glans under the foreskin. After postectomy and penile tumor biopsy, we performed partial penectomy. Histologically, the tumor was composed of atypical spindle cells arranged in an epithelioid pattern and stained positive for both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Therefore we diagnosed the tumor as sarcomatoid carcinoma of the penis. One month after surgery, advanced gastric cancer was discovered. Thereafter, cancer rapidly spread throughout the whole body, and he died six months postoperatively
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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