1,720,987 research outputs found
ADAPTING TO CHANGE: DEVELOPMENTAL, CLINICAL AND ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON COGNITIVE CONTROL DYNAMICS
Get PDFThis doctoral thesis explores cognitive control (CC) as a domain-general, dimensional, and contextually driven construct, shedding light on its dynamic and adaptive nature. While traditionally viewed as a static ability, CC is reinterpreted here in terms of its dimensionalities, particularly its distinction between "hot" (emotionally charged) and "cold" (emotionally neutral) processes (Zelazo & Carlson, 2012), as well as its adaptive mechanisms within different environmental contexts. The Dual Mechanism of Control (DMC) model (Braver, 2012) is leveraged to conceptualize CC as operating through proactive and reactive modes, depending on task demands. This thesis further emphasizes the dynamic adaptability of CC, exploring its modulation through environmental regularities and learning mechanisms (learning-based CC; Abrahamse et al., 2016; Braem & Egner, 2018). Specifically, proportion congruency (PC) manipulations are employed to investigate how CC evolves in response to varying task difficulty and predictability.
The first major aim of this thesis was to trace the developmental trajectories of learning-based CC in typically developing children, examining how their cognitive strategies adapt to task regularities over time. This focus provides a foundation for understanding deviations in populations with atypical development, such as children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In comparing these groups, the study highlights how learning-based CC may serve as a endophenotypic marker of atypical development, with implications for early diagnosis and intervention strategies.
In addition to developmental trajectories, this research investigates the impact of environmental factors on learning-based CC. The potential influence of digital content, which has been linked to short-term cognitive impairments (Kostyrka-Allchorne et al., 2017), is a key focus, as is the role of cognitively engaging content in mitigating these effects (Hirsh-Pasek et al., 2015). Additionally, this thesis examines the potential benefits of school-based yoga and mindfulness training. These practices, shown to enhance emotional regulation and cognitive function, are explored for their potential impact on learning-based CC.
Overall, this thesis contributes to the sparse literature on learning-based CC in children, providing a comprehensive exploration of how it adapts to various challenges and contexts. By investigating both typical and atypical developmental trajectories and considering the influence of modern environmental factors, this work offers new insights into the dynamic nature of CC and its implications for both education and intervention.
The main take-home message is that the development of CC is not only about the refinement of individual cognitive processes but also about the integration and coordination of these processes in complex, real-world situations. Embracing the complexity of reality, instead of minimizing it, can lead to more accurate insights into how CC operates in everyday life and how it varies across different developmental trajectories and neurodevelopmental disorders
Adapting cognitive control to local–global implicit temporal predictability: A lifespan investigation from 5 to 88 years old
No full textAdaptive cognitive control (ACC) involves behavioral adjustments to environmental changes and can be instantiated by implicit knowledge, including temporal predictability of task-relevant events. For example, our past driving experiences might inform us that yellow traffic signals generally last between 3 and 6 s. This information, gathered from a long-term history of similar situations, implicitly allows us to anticipate and decide whether to accelerate or brake based on the current context. Adaptability occurs by extracting local or global statistical contingencies in events’ temporal structure, leading to faster responses for longer S1–S2 stimulus delays, known as the foreperiod effect, and longer reaction times in long- compared to short-biased contexts, respectively. This study aimed to examine age changes in local- and global-based ACC across the lifespan from 5 to 88 years of age (N = 608, 223 males, age: M = 34.8, SD = 22.1). The Dynamic Temporal Prediction task was used to assess behavioral adaptation to local/global temporal regularities manipulating list-wide the short–long percentage of S2 preparatory intervals. The results suggest distinct developmental trajectories for local- and global-based ACC. Both establish early (at 5–6 years) and progressively improve until adulthood (30–39 years). However, their efficiency declines with age, starting at different decades: from 40 years onward for local-based ACC and from 60 years onward for global-based ACC. These results support the idea that ACC relies on lower level abilities (e.g., associative learning), but it can be implicitly shaped by both local and global temporal prediction through domain-general processes implying inhibitory control and flexibility. Adaptive cognitive control, the ability to implicitly modulate cognitive resources as a function of environmental regularities such as temporal patterns, exhibits age changes across the lifespan. Specifically, it emerges during the preschool period (5–6 years), progresses through adulthood, and experiences a decline in efficiency as individuals age (from age 40 onward). The efficiency of adaptive cognitive control based on global (i.e., list-wide S1–S2 temporal probability) versus local (i.e., adjacent S1–S2 temporal probability) temporal predictability is reduced in younger and older participants. This observation hints at the involvement of distinct underlying abilities, indicating lower level skills and higher level capacities, respectively. The critical developmental periods for supporting adaptive cognitive control suggest specific age-related changes in underlying abilities, which could benefit from interventions—such as implicit temporal learning in young children and implicit cognitive flexibility in older people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved
Little fast, little slow, should I stay or should I go? Adapting cognitive control to local-global temporal prediction across typical development
Get PDFAdaptive cognitive control (CC), the ability to adjust goal-directed behavior according to changing environmental demand, can be instantiated bottom-up by implicit knowledge, including temporal predictability of task-relevant events. In S1-S2 tasks, either local (trial-by-trial hazard expectation) or global (block-by-block expectation) temporal information can induce prediction, allowing for proactive action control. Recent developmental evidence showed that adaptive CC based on global temporal prediction emerges earlier than when it is based on the local one only. However, very little is known about how children learn to dynamically adjust behavior on the fly according to changing global predictive information. Addressing this issue is nevertheless crucial to unravel the mechanisms underlying adaptive CC flexibility. Here we used a modified version of the Dynamic Temporal Prediction task to investigate how typically developing younger (6-8 years) and older children (9-11 years), adolescents (12-15 years) and adults (21-31 years) use global prediction to shape adaptive CC over time. Specifically, the short-long percentage of S2 preparatory intervals was manipulated list-wide to create a slow-fast-slow-fast fixed block sequence and test how efficiently the response speed adapted accordingly. Overall, results revealed that in all groups behavioral performance is successfully adjusted as a function of global prediction in the late phase of the task (block 3 to 4). Remarkably, only adolescents and adults exhibit an early adaptation of adaptive CC (block 1 to 2), while children younger than 11 show sluggish ability in inferring implicit changes in global predictive rules. This age-related dissociation suggests that, although being present from an early age, adaptive CC based on global predictive information needs more developmental space to become flexible in an efficient way. In the light of a neuroconstructivist approach, we suggest that bottom-up driven implicit flexibility may represent a key prerequisite for the development of efficient explicit cognitive control
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effect of yoga on interference control in a predictive context: a school-based intervention research proposal.
Get PDFopenLe funzioni esecutive rivestono un ruolo importante in tutti gli ambiti della vita (scolastico,lavorativo, relazionale, amoroso) e sono fondamentali per una salute mentale e fisica ottimale. In questo elaborato parleremo di Funzioni escutive in termini di controllo cognitivo prendendo come riferimento il modello Teorico dell'autrice Diamond. Questo elaborato si inserisce all'interno di un progetto di ricerca più ampio che consisteva nel sommistrare una batteria di compiti a un campione di 200 bambini tra i 5 e i 7 anni di età nelle scuole pre-post un'intervento yoga di 8 settimane. In particolare questo elaborato esamina il risultati di uno dei task, l'Attentional Network Task, e di come il controllo cognitivo adattivo in particolare il controllo dell'interferenza subisca un miglioramento grazie alle pratiche di Yoga e Mindfulness.Executive functions play an important role in all areas of life (school, work, relationships, love) and are essential for optimal mental and physical health. In this paper we will talk about executive functions in terms of cognitive control taking as reference the theoretical model of the author Diamond.
This paper is part of a larger research project that consisted of administering a battery of tasks to a sample of 200 children between the ages of 5 and 7 in schools pre-post an 8-week yoga intervention. In particular, this paper examines the results of one of the tasks, the Attentional Network Task, and how adaptive cognitive control in particular interference control undergoes improvement through the practices of Yoga and Mindfulness
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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