196,213 research outputs found
Débat faisant suite au rapport de M. Tirard
No full textDébat faisant suite au rapport de M. Tirard. In: Droit et Ville, tome 5, 1978. I.E.J.U.C.-C.N.A.B. Dix ans après : la loi du 3 janvier 1967 et la protection de l'acquéreur immobilier. pp. 113-122
Loi portant ouverture, sur l'exercice 1884, d'un crédit de 80,000 fr. pour l'appropriation d'une partie du domaine de Villeneuve-l'Étang, en vue des expériences poursuivies par M. Pasteur sur la prophylaxie des maladies contagieuses des animaux
No full textGrévy Jules, Fallières Armand, Tirard Pierre-Emmanuel. Loi portant ouverture, sur l'exercice 1884, d'un crédit de 80,000 fr. pour l'appropriation d'une partie du domaine de Villeneuve-l'Étang, en vue des expériences poursuivies par M. Pasteur sur la prophylaxie des maladies contagieuses des animaux. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 36 n°625, 1884. pp. 343-344
H. M. Tirard. The Book of the Dead. With an Introduction by Edouard Naville London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
No full textFoucart George. H. M. Tirard. The Book of the Dead. With an Introduction by Edouard Naville London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. In: Sphinx : revue critique embrassant le domaine entier de l'égyptologie, vol. 16, 1912. pp. 125-136
Loi portant ouverture, sur l'exercice 1884, d'un crédit de 80,000 fr. pour l'appropriation d'une partie du domaine de Villeneuve-l'Étang, en vue des expériences poursuivies par M. Pasteur sur la prophylaxie des maladies contagieuses des animaux
No full textGrévy Jules, Fallières Armand, Tirard Pierre-Emmanuel. Loi portant ouverture, sur l'exercice 1884, d'un crédit de 80,000 fr. pour l'appropriation d'une partie du domaine de Villeneuve-l'Étang, en vue des expériences poursuivies par M. Pasteur sur la prophylaxie des maladies contagieuses des animaux. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 36 n°625, 1884. pp. 343-344
L’hypothèse de ‘systèmes de finances publiques’ en droit comparé et sa portée pour la France
No full textInternational audienc
Author response: Analysis of SUMO1-conjugation at synapses
No full textSUMO1-conjugation of proteins at neuronal synapses is considered to be a major post-translational regulatory process in nerve cell and synapse function, but the published evidence for SUMO1-conjugation at synapses is contradictory. We employed multiple genetic mouse models for stringently controlled biochemical and immunostaining analyses of synaptic SUMO1-conjugation. By using a knock-in reporter mouse line expressing tagged SUMO1, we could not detect SUMO1-conjugation of seven previously proposed synaptic SUMO1-targets in the brain. Further, immunostaining of cultured neurons from wild-type and SUMO1 knock-out mice showed that anti-SUMO1 immunolabelling at synapses is non-specific. Our findings indicate that SUMO1-conjugation of synaptic proteins does not occur or is extremely rare and hence not detectable using current methodology. Based on our data, we discuss a set of experimental strategies and minimal consensus criteria for the validation of SUMOylation that can be applied to any SUMOylation substrate and SUMO isoform.</jats:p
Sumoylation and proteasomal activity determine the transactivation properties of the mineralocorticoid receptor
No full textMR is a hormone-activated transcription factor that carries a strong synergy inhibitory function at its N-terminus. Using this region as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated major components of the sumoylation pathway, including the SUMO-1-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, and SUMO-1 itself. We found that MR interacts with both, Ubc9 and SUMO-1 in mammalian cells, and that the receptor is sumoylated at four acceptor sites which are clustered within its AF-1 domain. We observed that MR can be poly-ubiquitinated and that proteasome activity is essential for MR-activated transcription. Disruption of the SUMO-1 attachment sites abolished MR sumoylation but interfered with neither the poly-ubiquitination of the receptor nor its transactivation potential on MMTV. However, the hormone-activated mutant displayed enhanced synergistic potential on a compound promoter and delayed mobility in the nucleus. FRAP analysis further showed that proteasome inhibition immobilizes a subpopulation of unliganded MR receptors in the nucleus, a phenomenon that is significantly attenuated in the presence of aldosterone. Interestingly, the ability of the hormone to counteract the immobilizing effect of MG132 requires the sumoylation-competent form of MR. Moreover, increasing exogenously SUMO-1 cellular levels resulted in a selective, dose-dependent inhibition of the activity of the sumoylation-deficient MR. This effect was observed only on a synergy-competent promoter, revealing a mode for negative regulation of synergy that might involve sumoylation of factors different from MR. The data suggest that the overall transcriptional activity of MR can be modulated by its sumoylation potential as well as the sumoylation level of MR-interacting proteins, and requires the continuous function of the proteasome
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