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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cooperation and innovation in Brazilian industry : a comparative analysis between companies interactive and non-interactive firms
No full textOrientador: Wilson SuziganDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeociênciasResumo: O objetivo dessa dissertação é destacar o comportamento das empresas que utilizaram algum tipo de interação para concretizar inovações frente ao grupo de empresas inovadoras que não realizaram interações. Além deste, um objetivo secundário é notar como as atividades inovativas mais rotineiras (que excluem a pesquisa e desenvolvimento) influenciam o comportamento inovador das empresas, fazendo com que elas sejam consideradas empresas inovadoras sem necessariamente despender grandes valores com atividades de pesquisa. A questão que consideramos é que a prática da pesquisa e desenvolvimento sem atividades inovativas complementares pode reduzir a abrangência e o impacto da inovação sobre a estratégia inovativa da empresa. Desta forma, pretende-se mostrar que a melhor estratégia é aliar atividades como treinamento de pessoal, aquisição de novas máquinas e equipamentos, desenvolvimento de projetos industriais, entre outras, com a pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Indo mais além, optar por realizar parcerias ou interações com outras instituições internas ou externas à cadeia produtiva, tais como fornecedores, consumidores, universidades e centros de pesquisa, é mais um fator potencializador da atividade inovativa. A amostra analisada é composta pelo grupo de empresas inovadoras descritas na Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC 2008), elaborada pelo IBGE, na qual 38.361 empresas afirmaram ter realizado algum tipo de inovação entre os anos de 2006 e 2008. O resultado da análise evidenciou que as empresas que realizaram inovações interagindo com outros agentes apresentam indicadores melhores que as empresas que inovaram sem interagir. Embora o conjunto formado por empresas inovadoras e interativas seja limitado em relação às empresas inovadoras sem interação, ele é composto por empresas de grande porte, que determinam a dinâmica do mercado. Esse resultado mostra que empresas interativas podem auxiliar na promoção do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico da indústria, assim como para adensar a estrutura do sistema nacional de inovaçãoAbstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to highlight the behavior of firms that used some type of interaction to achieve innovation compared to the group of innovating firms who did not interact. A secondary goal is to point out how routine innovation activities other than research and development influence the behavior of firms towards innovation, causing them to be considered innovative without necessarily spending large amounts on research activities. The research question investigated is whether the practice of research and development without complementary innovative activities reduces the scope and the impact of innovation on the firm's innovative strategy. Thus, this dissertation intends to show that the best innovation strategy is to combine innovative activities such as training of personnel, acquisition of new machinery and equipment, development of industrial projects, among others, with research and development. Furthermore, the firm should choose to form interaction partnerships with other institutions within and outside the supply chain, such as suppliers, customers, universities and research centers, to improve its innovative performance. The sample is composed by a group of innovative firms extracted from the innovation survey Technological Innovation Research (PINTEC 2008), prepared by the IBGE, in which 38,361 companies claimed to have done some kind of innovation between the years 2006 and 2008. The result of the analysis showed that innovative firms that interacted with other agents have better indicators than innovative firms that did not interact. Although the group formed by innovative and interactive companies is small in relation to innovative firms that did not interact, it is composed by large firms which determine the market dynamics. This result shows that interactive firms can assist in promoting the industry's scientific and technological development as well as in reinforcing the national innovation systemMestradoPolitica Cientifica e TecnologicaMestra em Política Científica e Tecnológic
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The role of innovation, diversification and, sectoral proximity in Brazil\'s recent industrial development
No full textA indústria de transformação é formada por um conjunto de setores com grande potencial para estimular o crescimento econômico, sobretudo de países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Vários fatores definem as condições produtivas e tecnológicas do país, como a inovação tecnológica, a diversificação produtiva e a proximidade setorial (cognitiva e tecnológica), os quais também podem se diferenciar de acordo com os setores de atividade. Para compreender as características recentes da indústria de transformação brasileira esta tese procura responder algumas questões: i) as empresas que realizaram cooperação para inovar no Brasil apresentaram perfil distinto daquelas que inovaram sem cooperar? ii) o esforço inovativo realizado por empresas nacionais e estrangeiras é similar? iii) os subsetores da manufatura brasileira são diversificados e possuem desempenho econômico superior em relação aos não diversificados? iv) há um padrão de diversificação entre os subsetores? v) existe uma relação de proximidade produtiva e tecnológica entre os setores industriais que pode ser confirmada a partir das habilidades dos trabalhadores? Essas perguntas ajudarão a entender melhor algumas questões ainda não exploradas pela literatura brasileira com o grau de detalhamento explorado nesta tese. Para tanto, foram obtidas algumas tabulações especiais da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (Pintec) e da Pesquisa Industrial Anual Empresa (PIA-Empresa) para anos recentes. Também criou-se um índice para captar habilidades produtivas e tecnológicas relacionadas às ocupações dos trabalhadores, que foi utilizado em uma nova aplicação de modelos econométricos espaciais para medir a proximidade cognitiva e tecnológica. O detalhamento dos dados solicitados resultou em informações inéditas que permitem fazer algumas avaliações conclusivas sobre o desempenho recente da manufatura brasileira nos temas abordados. Primeiro, empresas que cooperaram para inovar apresentaram um esforço inovativo muito superior às que não cooperaram, independente da origem do capital e da categoria tecnológica, sendo que o fato de cooperar foi mais decisivo para diferenciá-las que a origem do capital. Segundo, os subsetores com plantas produtivas industriais diversificadas possuem desempenho produtivo superior frente àqueles não diversificados. Há um padrão de diversificação da produção em que subsetores tendem a diversificar mais intensamente para dentro do mesmo grupo setorial, enquanto apenas os subsetores mais tecnológicos diversificam para grupos setoriais mais distantes. Terceiro, foi encontrado um padrão em que setores que possuem trabalhadores com habilidades produtivas e tecnológicas tendem a ter em sua vizinhança setores com as mesmas características, e isso permite que efeitos econômicos transbordem para sua vizinhança. Assim, os resultados apontaram que algumas características da indústria de transformação brasileira quanto à inovação, diversificação e proximidade setorial podem ser reforçadas a fim de obter melhor desempenho econômico. Esforços inovativos podem ser ampliados ao estimular empresas inovadoras a realizarem cooperação para inovar. O desempenho dos subsetores pode ser aperfeiçoado ao ampliar a diversificação das plantas produtivas. E ainda, pode-se produzir efeitos positivos sobre a economia de forma mais ampla ao focalizar ações para setores que possuam uma rede de vizinhança mais densa e que demandam habilidades produtivas e tecnológicasThe manufacturing industry is composed of subsectors with great potential to stimulate economic growth, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. Several factors define the productive and technological conditions of a country, such as technological innovation, productive diversification and sectoral proximity (cognitive and technological), which can also be differentiated according to the sectors of activity. In order to understand the recent characteristics of the Brazilian manufacturing sector, this thesis tries to answer some questions: i) have the companies that cooperated for innovating in Brazil presented a profile different from those that innovated without cooperating? ii) is the innovative effort carried out by domestic and foreign companies similar? iii) are the subsectors of Brazilian manufacturing diversified and have superior economic performance over non-diversified ones? iv) is there a pattern of diversification among subsectors? v) is there a productive and technological proximity relationship between the manufacturing subsectors that can be confirmed by the skills of the workers? These questions will help to better understand some issues not yet explored by the Brazilian literature with the degree of detail explored in this thesis. For this purpose, some special tabulations were obtained from the Brazilian Survey of Technological Innovation and the Annual Industrial Survey of Brazil in recent years. An index was also created to capture productive and technological skills related to occupations of workers, which was used in a new application of spatial econometric models to measure cognitive and technological proximity. The detailing of the requested data resulted in unpublished information that allows making some conclusive evaluations on the recent performance of the Brazilian manufacturing in the subjects approached. First, companies that cooperated for innovating presented an innovative effort far superior to those that did not cooperate, regardless of the origin of capital and the technological category, and the fact of cooperating was more decisive to differentiate them than the origin of capital. Second, subsectors with diversified industrial productive plants have superior productive performance over non-diversified ones. There is a production\'s diversification pattern in which subsectors tend to diversify more intensively within of the same manufacturing subsector (intra-industry diversification), while only the more technological subsectors diversify between several manufacturing subsectors (inter-industry diversification). Third, a pattern has been found in which subsectors that have workers with productive and technological skills tend to have in their proximity also subsectors with the same characteristics, and this allows economic effects to overflow to their neighborhood. Thus, the results pointed out that some characteristics of the Brazilian manufacturing sector regarding innovation, diversification and sectoral proximity can be strengthened in order to obtain better economic performance. Encouraging innovative companies to cooperate in innovating can enhance innovative efforts. Performance of the subsectors can be improved by raising the diversification of productive plants. Furthermore, positive effects on the economy can be obtained more broadly by focusing on subsectors that have a denser neighborhood that demands productive and technological skill
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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