131,219 research outputs found
Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy
No full textThe use of metal complexes for health and healing has been in use for over the last several millennia and perhaps longer [...
Estrutura de tesauro em Ciência da Informação: análise dos tesauros das bases de dados LISA e LISTA
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Curso de Biblioteconomia.A escolha do tema deu-se pelo importante papel dos tesauros, para o fluxo da informação, e a função das normas, como instrumentos padronizadores, que garantem a eficácia da aplicação desses instrumentos nos modernos ambientes digitais. Para verificar este panorama, a pesquisa propõe como objetivo analisar a estrutura dos tesauros da área da Ciência da Informação, adotados pelas bases de dados internacionais LISA – Library Information Science Abstracts, e LISTA – Library Information Science and Technology Abstracts, com base nas normas vigentes para sua elaboração. Na fundamentação teórica, buscou-se identificar os fundamentos das linguagens documentárias; as funções e objetivos dos tesauros, bem como sua estrutura; as bases de dados LISA e LISTA, seus tesauros; e as normas ISO 2788 – 1974, ANSI/NISO Z39.19 – 2005, e as Diretrizes de Elaboração de Tesauros Monolíngues do IBICT. A pesquisa realizada seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório, com procedimentos técnicos de uma pesquisa documental. O corpus se constituiu dos elementos estruturais dos tesauros das bases LISA e LISTA. Este corpus foi analisado por meio de uma ficha documental elaborada com base nas normas escolhidas. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se as seguintes variáveis: aspectos gerais (área de abrangência, introdução, objetivo e funções), terminologia (descritor simples, descritores compostos, tradução, categorias gramaticais, abreviaturas e siglas, plural e singular, qualificador e notas explicativas), relacionamentos semânticos (relações de equivalência, relações hierárquicas, relações associativas e apresentação dos tesauros). Os resultados mostram que os tesauros LISA e LISTA de maneira geral seguem as normas, mas que também apresentam algumas particularidades que os distanciam do padrão oficial. Este afastamento, por vezes, pode ser positivo uma vez que o fazer atual pode estar à frente do estabelecido nas regras. Conclui-se que os tesauros analisados, talvez por integrarem importantes bases de dados internacionais na área de Ciência da Informação, são bem estruturados e que cumprem seu papel de instrumentos aplicados à organização da informação
Estudo comparativo entre tesauros da área de Direito disponíveis online
No full textTCC (graduação em Biblioteconomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianópolisA escolha deste tema deve-se ao desejo de aprimorar o conhecimento teórico e prático sobre este tipo de linguagem documentária e de aprofundar sobre a importância dos tesauros na organização da informação. O foco desta opção encontra-se na área do Direito no Brasil, um campo em que a organização e recuperação da informação são primordiais para os avanços da pesquisa científica. Além disso, trata-se de uma área suporte a outras áreas e cuja precisão na recuperação é fundamental, o que enfatiza a necessidade de se adotar tesauros. Na fundamentação teórica, procurou-se relatar sobre o tratamento documentário, a estrutura e tipologia dos tesauros, área do Direito e a importância dos tesauros jurídicos. A pesquisa desenvolvida teve abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, envolvendo procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa documental. O corpus se constituiu de quatro tesauros da área do Direito disponíveis online. Este corpus foi submetido à análise por meio de um roteiro elaborado com base nas características necessárias a elaboração de tesauros identificadas na literatura e nas normas ISO 2788-1974 (E) e ANSI/NISOZ39.19-2003, constituindo assim as seguintes variáveis de análise: a) aspectos gerais: introdução, formato de saída, vinculação a base de dados, possibilidade de propor novos termos, b) aspectos terminológicos: termos na forma substantivada, termos no singular, qualificadores, lista de Identificadores, lista de especificadores/modificadores e nota explicativa e c) aspectos sobre a relação entre conceitos: relação de equivalência, relação hierárquica, relação direta, relação indireta e relação associativa. Os resultados mostram que os tesauros na área de Direito em língua portuguesa disponíveis online cumprem com a maior parte do determinado pelas regras de elaboração de tesauro. Desta forma, conclui-se que os tesauros da área de Direito encontra-se dentro das normas, o que a torna um domínio exemplo para outros campos do conhecimento
Telecommunication rates and territorial aggregations
No full textThe diffusion of telecommunication technologies currently represents the main component of socio-economic changes. The effects induced by innovations in telecommunication, both on the socio-economic environment and on the organisation assets in the last few years, have frequently been investigated by many researchers. This paper defines a scheme of analysis which shows the effects of telecommunication rates on spatial organisation. The scheme is based on a hierarchical spatial interaction model which is used to simulate the telecommunication flows while the existing linkages between flows are being maintained. The objective is obtained by means of a simulation procedure that enables the analysis of three rates policies to be made and the corresponding revenues to be obtained. The first rate is based on the present rate, while a second is based on a linear function of distance and the third is based on a logarithmic function of distance (such a relationship simulates a certain independence with respect to total distance). Each of these supply rates policies can define different demand assets. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Lithospheric strength variations in Mainland China: Tectonic implications
No full textWe present a new thermal and strength model for the lithosphere of Mainland China. To this purpose, we integrate a thermal model for the crust, using a 3-D steady state heat conduction equation, with estimates for the upper mantle thermal structure, obtained by inverting a S wave tomography model. With this new thermal model and assigning to the lithospheric layers a "soft" and "hard" rheology, respectively, we estimate integrated strength of the lithosphere. In the Ordos and the Sichuan basins, characterized by intermediate temperatures, strength is primarily concentrated in the crust, when the rheology is soft, and in both the crust and upper mantle, when the rheology is hard. In turn, the Tibetan Plateau and the Tarim basin have a weak and strong lithosphere mainly on account of their high and low temperatures, respectively. A comparison of temperatures, strength, and effective viscosity variations with earthquakes distribution and their seismic energy released indicates that both the deep part of the crust and the upper mantle of the Tibetan Plateau are weak and prone to flow toward adjacent areas. The high strength of some of the tectonic domains surrounding Tibet (Tarim, Ordos, and Sichuan basins) favors the flow toward the weak western part of South China block
CITIZENS AND INSTITUTIONS BETWEEN COMPUTERS AND INTERNET - AN EMPYRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE ITALIAN CASE
No full textThe diffusion of ICT technologies that generated the Internet phenomenon, is responsible of the world-wide incredible expectation level related to its high potential contribution to problem solution in many socio-economic sectors. In facts, the contribution of ICT in some sectors, as organizations management (public or private, profit or no-profit), was undoubtedly highly effective. The interaction between citizens and institutions is also considered extremely interesting, as the specific funds appropriation since the end of 90es of European Union on these topics can demonstrate. This wide interest caused the expectation of a remarkable services improvement, but the obtained results doesn’t seem as much satisfactory. This international and European scenario had a meaningful reflex also in Italian case, because the lack of information flows between Institutions and citizens in our country is always strongly perceived as critical point. In a former study of 1998 (Tesauro, Campisi), some institutional web sites was included in a wider study sample about the usage of internet communications, reaching unflattering results. Nevertheless, some recent “accidents” in citizen-institution relationships, widely reported by mass media and strictly related to computer technologies, suggest remarkable doubts about the usage of these technologies. This happen in spite of the creation of a specific Ministry in Italy and five years later the cited study, an incredible amount of time in terms of evolutionary dynamic of virtual environment). So, the main objective of this contribution is to show a scenario of citizen-institution relation via Internet in Italy at different scales (national, regional and local), identifying strength or weak points not only from users viewpoint and trying to underline the difficulties inherited from a poor usage of actual computer knowledge.
Fixed and Mobile Phoning in Italian Regions
No full textThe telecommunication diffusion and it's interaction with the socio-economic environment was analysed both in terms of introduction of new technologies in the market and their diffusion/substitution process with respect to former technologies. Nevertheless, the word ?innovation? should be referred to products in a more general sense, so avoiding limitations to technology but also keeping track of all those characterising elements of products inside the market. Due to a similar approach, should be considered as innovative a product even if it doesn?t contain technological components different with respect to pre-existing ones, but also if a former technology is sold using totally innovative formulas. This modified viewpoint requires a more flexible approach to the diffusion process. This approach can enhance the interest on studying those different answers adopted by different socio-economic environments, to analyse the characteristic elements enabling the identification of categories with similar behaviour. Keywords: Telecommunications, Innovation, Diffusion, Clusterin
La svolta culturale nella valorizzazione dell’appennino italiano. Un caso di studio in provincia de l’Aquila
No full textAbstract
The Italian Apennines are more and more affected by demographic decrease and marginality (Migliorini e Salvatori, 1990), with a thick presence of very small municipalities (with less than 1,500 inhabitants) that show scarce vitality and dynamism, allowing just a mere survival of their population (Migliorini, 1982).
During the last part of the 20th century, the mountains have become a precious source of resources for lower areas and the plains, and their traditional activities have disappeared or been put aside as a consequence of the lack of labour force, human and economic resources.
After a short analysis of the marginal conditions of the Italian Apennines, the paper will deal with the new consumerism trends, among which tourism, identifying possible future scenarios to overcome marginality.
Young people’s trend to abandon the mountains and refuse their origins, that has characterized the second half of the past century, has produced in several mountain areas a sort of economic and typological colonialism of the new productive activities (Bernardi, Orienti, 1989), quite often not in harmony with the local milieu. In other places, however, the spatial isolation has allowed culture, tradition and landscape to be protected. In these last cases, it is possible to identify a way out of marginality, allowing not a mere survival but real development, focusing on the cultural and tourist promotion of places, in search of intense experiences connected to the natural environment, culture and a rural/pastoral past widely disappeared under the pressure of modernization and urbanization.
The case study will focus on the central Apennines, in Abruzzo, namely the part of the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park in the province of L’Aquila.
This area was quite densely populated up to the second half of the 20th century, when the process of abandonment started, leaving the traditional activities and the villages neglected, and causing the worsening of its condition of marginality.
The high value of its cultural and natural landscape, together with its intangible heritage and the inclusion in a national park, however, may play a vital role in helping the local population and the tourists re-discover the traditions and the value of the places. This tourist promotion already focuses on the presence of historical traces of transhumance, cultural heritage and a natural environment widely intact, but it could be improved offering new experiences and more participation of the local population, while increasing the vitality of the territory
The diffusion of cellular phones: a model for Italy and a comparison with the United States
No full textThe last decade has been characterized by extraordinary changes in the telecommunications sector in Italy that has gradually experienced the passage from monopoly to market competition. Many factors had a crossover impact on the process: technological and product innovation, the increasing share of consumption, the fast-pace growth of the mobile market, and the globalisation of the economy.
The effect of these innovations and their influence on the socio-economic environment are here analysed both in terms of introduction of new technologies and the consequent process of substitution.
Actually, the word “innovation” should be intended with a more general meaning, not exclusively technological, but considering all those elements that make a product distinctive. Under this perspective, a product can be considered innovative even if it doesn’t contain technological innovations: the new use of an existing product can be considered innovative, since a feature that is new to a product can be considered innovative to that product.
It is evident that this wider definition requires a more flexible approach to the analysis of the diffusion process. Moreover, this approach could increase interest on studying in what way people belonging to different socio-economic environments respond to an innovation and identifying those characteristics that enable their categorization.
To this aim a deep insight in the telephone usage is here glanced by means of multi-logistic curves. The model explains growth phenomena constituted both from distinct growth and/or decline processes. Each distinct economic and technological process (introduction of a new technology, innovative services, lower rates, entry of a new competitor in the market etc.) can, therefore, be interpreted as a drive to the aggregate growth phenomenon (trend of telephone traffic, effects of market evolution, dynamics of technological innovation)
3-D Density, Thermal, and Compositional Model of the Antarctic Lithosphere and Implications for Its Evolution
No full textWe create a 3-D density, temperature, and composition model of the Antarctic lithosphere using an integrative approach combining gravity, topography, and tomography data with mineral physics constraints and seismic data on crustal structures. The latter is used to create a new Moho and crustal density model. Temperature and thermal density variations are estimated based on S wave velocities from two independent tomography models (SL2013sv and AN1-S). Results of the Antarctic continent show the well-known distinction between East and West Antarctica in temperature and density to a depth of about 200 km. Incorporating compositional variations in the temperature calculations increases temperatures in depleted regions by up to 150 °C, giving improved insights into thermal structures. The thickness of the lithospheric root also varies strongly between these regions, with values below 100 km in the west and above 200 km in the east. Regions with negative compositional density variations ( 91.5), and low temperatures (<800 °C; central Dronning Maud Land, along the east flank of the Transantarctic Mountains) are interpreted as Precambrian cratonic fragments. Nearly undepleted lithosphere is found in the Lambert Graben and the Aurora Subglacial Basin and is attributed to Mesozoic rifting activity that has caused lithospheric rejuvenation
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