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Hubungan Antara Pencatatan Pelaporan Laporan Pemakaian-Lembar Permintaan Obat (LP-LPO) Dengan Perencanaan Obat Di Gudang Farmasi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Manggarai
No full textThe recording of drug data reporting at Regency/City Pharmacy is a series of activities in order to manage medicine in an orderly manner either medicine received, stored, distributed or used in health care unit such as Puskesmas. This study aims to calculate the highest number of drug use in Pharmaceutical Warehouse of Manggarai District Health Office based on LP-LPO reporting in 2012 and 2013, to know drug planning in 2013 and 2014 and to analyze the relationship between LP-LPO reporting in 2012 and 2013 with drug planning in 2013 and 2014. This type of research is descriptive research. The results showed that the most used drugs in 2012 and 2013 were Iron II sulfate tablet combination 13.92% and Ascorbic acid 500 mg tablet 21.69%. The drugs with the highest ranking in 2012 and 2013 are Antalgin 500 mg tablet 4.72% and Dexamethasone 0.5 mg tablet 3.40%. Drugs with the largest planning in 2012 and 2013 are Antacids DOEN combination tablets (655,000 tablets) and Amoxicillin 500 mg (1,148,000 tablets). The tenth-grade drug with the smallest planning of 2012 and 2013 is Iron II sulfate combination coated tablet (60,000 tablets in 2012 and 40,000 tablets in 2013. Record of LP-LPO reporting in 2012 with 2013 drug planning and LP-LPO reporting record in 2013 with Drug planning in 2014 has a fairly close relationship.Pencatatan pelaporan data obat di Instasi Farmasi Kabupaten/Kota merupakan rangkaian kegiatan dalam rangka pengelolaan obat secara tertib baik obat yang diterima, disimpan, didistribusikan maupun yang digunakan di unit pelayanan kesehatan seperti Puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah pemakaian 10 obat tertinggi di Gudang Farmasi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Manggarai berdasarkan pelaporan LP-LPO tahun 2012 dan tahun 2013, mengetahui perencanaan obat tahun 2013 dan 2014 dan menganalisa hubungan antara pencatatan pelaporan LP-LPO tahun 2012 dan tahun 2013 dengan perencanaan obat tahun 2013 dan 2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obat dengan pemakaian terbanyak pada tahun 2012 dan 2013 adalah Besi II sulfat tablet kombinasi 13,92% dan Asam askorbat 500 mg tablet 21,69%. Obat dengan peringkat kesepuluh terbanyak pada tahun 2012 dan 2013 adalah Antalgin 500 mg tablet 4,72% dan Deksametason 0,5 mg tablet 3,40%. Obat dengan perencanaan terbesar pada tahun 2012 dan 2013 adalah Antasida DOEN tablet kombinasi (655.000 tablet) dan Amoksisilin 500 mg (1.148.000 tablet). Obat peringkat kesepuluh dengan perencanaan terkecil tahun 2012 dan 2013 adalah Besi II sulfat tablet salut kombinasi (60.000 tablet pada tahun 2012 dan 40.000 tablet pada tahun 2013. Pencatatan pelaporan LP-LPO tahun 2012 dengan perencanaan obat 2013 dan pencatatan pelaporan LP-LPO tahun 2013 dengan perencanaan obat tahun 2014 memiliki hubungan yang cukup erat
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No full textBuku ajar ini disusun dengan maksud untuk menunjang pelaksanaan perkuliahan farmakologi dasar di Program Studi Farmasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang dengan topik bahasan tentang tuberkulosis dan pengobatan tuberkulosi
In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Brucein A Semisynthetic Compounds
Get PDFIntroduction: Brucein A has been known to have antiplasmodial activity. Some new compounds were synthesized to increase their antiplasmodial activity, i.e 3-benzoylbruceinA, 3-dimethyl sulphate bruceine A, 3-choro benzoyl brucein A, and 3-chloro acetyl bruceine A.However, their antiplasmodial activity have not studied yet.Objectives: To know the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of 3-benzoyl brucein A, 3-dimethyl sulphate bruceine A, 3-choro benzoyl brucein A, and 3-chloro acetyl bruceine A.Methods: Antiplasmodial activity was conducted by incubating FCR-3 strain of P. falciparum with 3- benzoyl brucein A, 3-dimethyl sulphate bruceine A, 3-choro benzoyl brucein A, and 3-chloro acetyl bruceine A in various concentrations for 72 hours. Parasitemia after incubation period of each compound was calculated by making a thin smear stained with 5% Giemsa.Results: Semisynthetic compounds of bruceine A have antiplasmodial activity in vitro with IC50 value were 2.648 ± 1.30 ng/mL for 3-benzoyl bruceine A, 1.098 ± 0.510 ng/mL for 3-dimethyl sulphate bruceine A, 50.246 ± 0.207 ng/mL for 3-chloro benzoyl bruceine A and 67.951 ± 11.517 ng/mL for 3- chloro acetyl brucein A. The IC50 value of Bruceine A as the lead compound was 3.87 ± 2.530 ng/mLConclusion: The 3-dimethyl sulphate bruceine A showed the highest antiplasmodial activity among 4 semisynthetic compounds of Bruceine A.Keywords:bruceineA, semisynthetic compound, Plasmodiumfalciparum, invitroantiplasmodial activity
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT FRACTION FROM MULBERRY (MORUS AUSTRALIS POIR.) LEAVES ON RATS INDUCED HIGH FAT-DIET (HFD) AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PTU)
Get PDFObjectives: To evaluate the effect of extract and its fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) of the mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) in reducing triglyceride and total cholesterol levels on HFD and PTU induced rats.
Methods: In this study, mulberry leaves were collected from East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia, extracted using maceration method, and fractionated with various solvents. The thin layer chromatography with silica gel 60 F254 was utilized to identify the active compound on both extract and fraction. Furthermore, using a quasi-experimental with control group design, this study employed 40 healthy male Wistar rats and divided into 8 groups, namely: normal and negative control, positive controls (simvastatin and gemfibrozil), ethanolic extract, and fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water). All groups were fed with a high cholesterol diet and 0.01% PTU, except for the normal group. During the study, the blood was drawn at day 0, 28, 35, and 42. The triglyceride level was observed using Glycerophosphate-Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrine (GPO-PAP) method, while the total cholesterol was measured by Cholesterol Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrine (CHOD-PAP).
Results: On the 42nd day, ethyl fraction of mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) showed the most significant result of reducing the level of triglyceride and total cholesterol compared to the high-fat diet and PTU induced rat on day 0: triglyceride of 104.89±2.70 mg/dl vs 64.76±1.97 mg/dl and total cholesterol of 96.70±2.45 vs 88.02±1.38 mg/dl. Ethyl acetate fraction was similar to simvastatin in lowering the level of total cholesterol. TLC identification also showed that mulberry leaf contains flavonoids and polyphenols that act as anti-hyperlipidemic.
Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) showed best activity on lowering both triglyceride and total cholesterol
Penilaian Risiko K3 Pada Praktikum Farmakognosi Di Laboratorium Program Studi Farmasi Terkait Dengan Risiko Covid-19
No full textSafe and healthy working conditions the basic for decent work where working conditions like this are even more important today, given the importance of ensuring K3 in managing the Covid-19 pandemic and the ability to return to work. This study aims to determine the risks of making phyto-vegetable simplicia in the Pharmacognosy practicum which related to the risk of Covid-19 and research is descriptive observational. Population i.e work at Pharmacognosy practicum and the sample is job on the manufacture of phyto-vegetable simplicia taken purposively. The research instrument, the researcher identifies the potential hazards (loss) of making simplicia and determines the level of risk. The technique of collecting data i.e. observing step of making simplicia with K3 hazard identification form. The analysis technique i.e. observational data of making simplicia and then determined the potential hazards, cause, the impact, calculated the risk value and level of risk. The results show of making simplicia has potential loss in the form of be inhalated, repetitive movements, and mishandling that can affects the final result with the dominant consequence of discomfort. Dominant risk value 20 (extreme) at the collecting raw materials and wet sorting. As a whole show a low risk meaning acceptable so practicum can do but supervision is needed while low risk of spreading Covid-19 achieved with reducing number exposed chance, minimize contact with the source of transmission i.e. protocols health optimal that so impact disease incidence is also low.Kondisi kerja yang aman dan sehat menjadi dasar untuk pekerjaan yang layak dimana kondisi kerja seperti ini semakin penting saat ini, mengingat pentingnya memastikan K3 dalam mengelola pandemi Covid-19 dan kemampuan untuk kembali bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko pembuatan simplisia nabati pada praktikum Farmakognosi terkait risiko Covid-19 dan penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional. Populasi yaitu pekerjaan pada praktikum Farmakognosi dan sampel adalah pekerjaan pada pembuatan simplisia nabati yang diambil secara purposive. Instrumen penelitian, peneliti mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya (kerugian) dari pembuatan simplisia dan menentukan tingkat risiko. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu mengamati langkah pembuatan simplisia dengan formulir identifikasi bahaya K3. Teknik analisis yaitu data observasi pembuatan simplisia kemudian ditentukan potensi bahaya, penyebab, dampak, perhitungan nilai risiko dan tingkat risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembuatan simplisia memiliki potensi kerugian berupa terhirup, gerakan berulang, dan salah penanganan yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil akhir dengan konsekuensi dominan berupa ketidaknyamanan. Nilai risiko dominan 20 (ekstrim) pada pengumpulan bahan baku dan sortasi basah. Secara keseluruhan menunjukkan resiko rendah artinya dapat diterima sehingga praktikum dapat dilakukan namun diperlukan pengawasan sedangkan resiko rendah penyebaran Covid-19 dicapai dengan mengurangi angka peluang terpapar, meminimalkan kontak dengan sumber penularan yaitu protokol kesehatan yang optimal sehingga berdampak timbulnya penyakit juga rendah
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Pohon Faloak (Sterculia sp.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus
No full textFaloak is a medicinal plant that grows in extreme conditions in the East Nusa Tenggara region. Faloak has benefits for herbal treatment wherein the content of saponin compounds, steroids and triterpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids found in the bark of the faloak tree serves for the treatment of various diseases caused by bacteria. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of faloak bark (Sterculia sp.) On the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Determination of antibacterial activity by a diffusion method using a cylinder, and see the existence of a clear zone around a cylinder. The results showed that the concentration of 22.5% w / v; 45% w / v; 75% w / v and 100% w / v were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with mean inhibitory zone diameter of 1.33 cm, 1.66 cm, 1.90 cm, 2.13 cm, the concentration of the inhibitory zone is greater so that the effective concentration inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is 100% w / v.Faloak merupakan tumbuhan obat yang tumbuh pada kondisi ekstrim di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Faloak mempunyai manfaat untuk pengobatan herbal dimana pada kandungan senyawa saponin, steroid dan triterpenoid, flavonoid dan alkaloida yang terdapat pada kulit pohon faloak berfungsi untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol kulit pohon faloak (Sterculia sp.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penentuan aktivitas antibaketri dengan metode difusi menggunakan silinder, dan melihat adanya zona bening disekitar silinder. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 22,5% b/v; 45% b/v; 75% b/v dan 100% b/v mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter rata- rata zona hambat berturut- turut sebesar 1,33 cm, 1,66 cm, 1,90 cm, 2,13 cm, semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka zona hambat makin besar sehingga konsentrasi efektif mengambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah 100% b/v
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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