1,721,036 research outputs found
The welfare of dogs and cats during transport in Europe: a literature review
Full text linkCommercial activities involving dogs and cats have become increasingly important and contribute significantly to the European economy. One of the most important activities is undoubtedly their translocation for commercial purposes. This is governed by the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations and amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 93/119/EC and Regulation (EC) No. 1255/97. Unfortunately, Regulation EC No. 1/2005 reports only a few specific mentions of companion animals. Since scientific studies on the effects of transport on the welfare of dogs and cats are scarce, much of the available information is in the form of recommendations based on practical experience, rather than evidence-based research. Up to date, the effects of food and water deprivation, the use of some drugs (e.g. sedatives and anxiolytics), or weather impacts on companion animal health and welfare during transport are still a matter of debate. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to summarise the European Regulation on dog and cat welfare during transport, suggesting possible implementation, and to document the negative effects of transportation, suggesting how to mitigate them based on scientific evidence. To date, habituation to containers and travelling, particularly using positive reinforcement training, seems to be the most effective strategy to reduce transport stress in these animals. However, still many gaps of knowledge are present and further studies are needed. This review may be useful for all people involved in the companion animal industry.Highlights Pet commercial transportation is a growing reality. Pets should be trained to become familiar with containers and journeys. More research on the effects of transportation of pets is needed. The Regulation EC 1/2005 should be revised using research-based evidence
Investigating pathological risk taking: How different kinds of data contribute to improve the understanding of the decisional process
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Surgical problems in idiopathic mixed cryoglobulinaemia
No full textIdiopathic Mixed Cryoglobulinaemia is one of a group of disorders involving serum proteins in which abnormal proteins are found in the serum of affected patients. Such proteins precipitate at low temperatures. In the case of the IMC the cryoglobulins consist both of polyclonal and monoclonal immunoglobulins which then give rise to immunocomplexes. This causes severe damage to the blood circulation in the form of a vasculitic process involving especially the capillaries but also arteries of medium size. It is therefore easy to understand the problems met in these patients when skin grafting and flaps transposition are indicated. The authors continue with the case of a 61 years old female patient, affected by IMC, who presented with an infiltrating ulcerated basalioma of the nose and a large loss of tissue in the right leg and was successfully operated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Format bias: Is it really matter of frequency vs. probability?
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Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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