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Povezava med etničnimi napetostmi in brezposelnostjo v multietničnih državah: primer Bosne in Hercegovine
No full textContributions to Investigating the Innovation-productivity-exporting Nexus: (I) the Direction and Strength of the Relationships; and (Ii) the Use of Tax Credits to Promote Research and Development
Get PDFThe importance and benefits of productivity growth, innovation and technological progress, and international trade are long established and promotion of each of these is on the agendas of policy-makers. The links between productivity, innovation and exporting at the firm-level have been partially explored, yet the nature of this nexus is far from being understood. The literature suggests a multifaceted relationship between the three phenomena, and especially that the links between the phenomena tend to be multidirectional. Yet gaps in our understanding of the nature, timing and direction of the links between firm-level innovation, productivity and exporting can lead to less-thanoptimal public policies targeting these three areas.
The first part of the thesis (Chapters 2-4) critically examines the literature to explore theoretically the broad topics of firm-level productivity, innovation and exporting. This theoretical exploration offers a comprehensive and holistic critical overview of these topics, and generates novel insights into the theoretical foundations and applicability of each concept in practice. Chapter 5 provides an overview of the theoretical understanding of the nexus between firm-level productivity, innovation and exporting, and a critical evaluation of previous studies that explored this nexus.
The first empirical chapter, Chapter 6, explores the nexus between firm-level productivity, innovation and exporting. This empirical investigation is built on the findings of the previous chapters, especially the suggested mutual endogeneity between firm-level productivity, innovation and exporting. The findings from the investigation, utilising a Spanish dataset of manufacturing firms in the period 2001 – 2016, provide strong support for Melitz’s (2003) theoretical model suggesting that more productive firms are more likely to engage in exporting activities. However, the investigation suggests that the other links in the nexus tend to be absent or context-specific.
The final part of the thesis concentrates on the exploration of innovation policies and their success in promoting research and development (R&D) expenditures, in particular, R&D tax credits. Throughout the OECD, R&D tax credits are now the main policy designed to increase R&D expenditures, which are the longest-established indicator of innovation and, in turn, are the driver of innovation (according to the “new growth theory”) and, hence, in turn, productivity and export growth (according to the literature and our findings in Chapter 6). Chapter 7 provides an in-depth exploration of different approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of R&D tax credits and assesses the plausibility of their underlying assumptions. Using the same dataset of Spanish manufacturing firms, Chapter 8 empirically investigates these different approaches. The results suggest that R&D tax credits are effective in increasing the R&D expenditures of firms. In this dataset, different approaches lead to similar levels of additionality.
These findings offer four main policy recommendations. First, the need for separate promotion mechanisms for increasing firm-level productivity, innovation and exporting. Second, helping firms to build their resources and capabilities can stimulate different aspects of the nexus. Third, R&D credits are an effective instrument in increasing firmlevel R&D expenditures. Finally, this thesis suggests that, although different approaches yield similar results, caution should still be exercised in the choice of the approach used to evaluate the effectiveness of R&D tax credits
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Socially distanced networks – 5 reasons PhD students should engage with social media now
No full textPeer support, finding a place within academia, staying up to date with the latest research, communicating research to wider audiences and navigating life after PhD. Ema Talam and Jon Fairburn outline five ways in which social media, and in particular Twitter, can make all the difference to PhD research at a time when regular academic life has been severely disrupted
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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