1,720,957 research outputs found
Comparisons of α-amylase inhibitors from seeds of common bean mutants extracted through three phase partitioning
No full textThis study compared the inhibitory activity of α-amylase inhibitor (αAI) extracted from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Hwachia, its nine mutants and two introduced varieties by using three-phase partitioning (TPP). A commercially prepared Phase 2 was also used to serve as a comparative reference. The optimal purification parameters for TPP were 30% saturation ammonium sulphate and pH 5.25. Considerable variations were detected in αAI content, total inhibitory activity and specific inhibitory activity of αAI purified from different common beans. Mutant SA-05 had the αAI inhibitory activity of 6267 units g−1 dry seed weight, which was higher than Hwachia (5062 units g−1 dry seed weight) and Phase 2 (3200 units g−1 dry weight). Moreover, it had an extremely lower IC50 (0.40 μg) than Phase 2 (10.22 μg). Thus, the mutant SA-05 may be used as raw material in commercial preparation of αAI extracts for controlling appetite and energy intake
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Yield and grain uniformity in contrasting rice genotypes suitable for different growth environments
No full textIn this study, the effect of crop season on yield and grain weight uniformity was examined in field-grown rice cultivar Tainung 67 and its sodium azide-induced mutant SA419 in 2000 and 2001. In spring, Tainung 67 had greater yield (7.2 mg ha−1) than SA419 (6.2 mg ha−1). Marked yield decline (averaged 27% decline) was found in Tainung 67 when it was grown in autumn. The yield decline resulting from season change was only 5.9% for SA419. The greater yield of SA419 than Tainung 67 in autumn was due to its higher net assimilation rate and better dry matter partitioning during grain filling. The distribution patterns of grain weight differed between the tested genotypes, with greater grain weight variations for Tainung 67 than SA419. Significant panicle branch effects on the distribution pattern of grain weight were also found between Tainung 67 and SA419 with greater variation for the former than the latter. SA419 has several agronomic traits, such as heavier 1000-grain weight and more uniform grain development within a panicle, that makes it a genotype with superior grain quality than Tainung 67
Nitro-blue tetrazolium staining of starch-synthesizing enzymes in developing rice grains
No full textAn in situ nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining method was used to locate the activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in developing grains of field grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Tainung 67 and its early ripening mutant SA 419. The results indicated that all the tested enzymes, including sucrose synthase, invertase, hexokinase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthase, were detectable in developing rice endosperms by using NBT staining. The activity of these enzymes was also measurable by using chemical assays. The expression of enzyme activity, as indicated by the formation of blue formazan precipitate, in growing grain of Tainung 67 were visualized in entire endosperm at 11 days after anthesis (DAA). However, NBT staining shifted from central to peripheral region of endosperm after 18 DAA, and the staining disappeared at 25 DAA. Similar staining patterns were also observed in the growing grains of mutant SA 419, but the shift of staining from central to peripheral endosperm occurred at 11 DAA. Electron microscopy examinations showed that the growing patterns of starch granules, sampled from central and peripheral regions of endosperm, varied between two cultivars, with SA 419 growing faster than Tainung 67. Both cultivars showed that the shifts of NBT staining pattern coincided with the changes in the growing pattern of starch granules located in central and peripheral regions of endosperms. The NBT staining results showed that the activities of sucrose to starch conversion enzymes in mutant SA 419 declined and disappeared earlier than its wild-type Tainung 67 and therefore it ripened earlier than cultivar Tainung 67. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industr
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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