1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
(38(4):446-457)Influence of Corn Mosaic on Developments and Yields of Corn and Effectiveness of Resistance in Selected Lines to the Virus in the Field
No full textB型玉米矮化嵌紋病毒（MDMV-B）及A型、B型、D型、兩耳草（sourgrass）型及S－1分離株甘蔗嵌紋病毒（SCMV）都是玉米嵌紋病的病原，經以酵素連結抗體免疫分析（ELISA）從1983年至1988年調查之結果，以MDMV-B在田間發生的頻度最高；再經溫室苗期測定病原性及田間試驗評估各型病毒所造成的經濟為害度，亦以MDMV-B最為顯著。裂區設計的田間試驗比較MDMV-B接種與不接種的玉米之生育狀況，結果在預備試驗中統計分析病毒感染所造成的間接影響並不顯著，因此本研究的主要試驗都只比較病毒接種的直接效應。從1986年至1988年，三次田間試驗之結果，發現MDMV-B感染顯著影響玉米生長並造成嚴重減產，最高可達47.9％，一般推廣之飼料玉米減產22─29％，臺農1號減產則在20％以下，明顯異於感病品種之反應。從1983年至1989年共篩選2808個玉米品系僅11個呈抗病反應，172個呈中抗反應，324個呈中感反應，餘皆為感病反應者。選其中呈不感病反應的八個青割玉米品系進行田間試驗，其生長與產量較不受MDMV-B的影響，結果與惑病的對照有明顯差異。選育中的超甜玉米品系七個，經田間試驗證實MDMV-B惑染後，株高、莖軸、產量等均明顯受損，且品種間反應程度有差異。
B strain of maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV-B), strains A, B, D, and sourgrass of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV-A, -B, -D, -Sou), and undetermined isolate of SCMV (S-1) are all causal agents of corn mosaic in Taiwan. Investigating the occurrence of these viruses in 1983－1988 by ELISA, we found that MDMV-B was prevalent on corn producing areas of Taiwan. In the meanwhile MDMV-B is the main causal virus of corn mosaic was demonstrated by greenhouse seedling technique to determine the virulence of virus and field trials to estimate the yield losses of sweet corn inoculated with virus. Split-plot design was adopted for field experiments to evaluate the effects of MDMV-B on developments and yields of corn. The indirect effects of virus infection was not so significant that we only compared the difference between treatments of direct manual inoculation and noninoculation in the following experiments. Results of field trials in 1986－1988 showed that MDMV-B inoculation might severely reduce grain yield of inbred line “TA80-1410” up to 47.9%. Involved in this study two general released corn varieties (“Tainan 16” and “Tainung 351”) reduced 22－29% grain yields and “Tainung 1” usually lose less and never more than 20% of yield indicated that “Tainung 1” was significantly less affected by MDMV-B than other tested varieties. Screening corn lines for resistance to MDMV-B in 1983－1989, we found that in a total of 2808 tested lines, 11 lines were resistant, 172 lines were moderately resistant, 324 inles were moderately susceptible, and remainders were all susceptible to the virus. Eight selected lines, which originated from silage corn and were not susceptible to MDMV-B, were evaluated for the effectiveness of their resistances in the field. No significant effects of MDMV-B on developments and yields of tested lines were observed indicated that this level of resistance is effective to prevent yield losses to the disease in the field. Plant heights, stalk diameters, and ear yields of seven breeding lines of sweet corn were significantly reduced due to inoculation with MDMV-B in the experiment, and these disease responses of every corn lines were significantly different
(40(3):333-345)Occurrence of garlic latent virus in Taiwan and its biological characterization
No full text從大陸進口的北蒜中分離出來的一個病毒單株，經鑑定是大蒜潛隱病毒（garlic latent virus，GLV）。其寄主範圍包括大蒜、洋葱、葱、韭等葱科作物，但呈無病徵系統性感染，唯不感染韭葱；其他寄主反應包括：紅藜、Chenopodium quinoa、及番杏接種葉的局部病斑，豌豆的局部潛隱感染，蠶豆的系統性壞疽等。但對供試的千日紅、孤挺花、百合、水仙、菸草（五種）、酸漿等皆不感染。經試驗GLV之耐熱性為55-60°C，耐稀釋性為10-3─10-4，耐保存性是3─4天。以C. quinoa接種葉的局部病斑為材料進行病毒純化，經硫酸銫等密度平衡離心，所得病毒試料之紫外光吸收光譜，最高值在258 nm，最低值在243 nm，其比值為1.084；260 nm的吸收值與280 nm的吸收值之比是1.25。經電子顯微鏡觀察，GLV的顆粒是較直的絲狀，長度大都在600-700 nm之間。以膠體電泳分析測定鞘蛋白之分子量，估計為30.7K。由以上特性顯示GLV具有典型carlavirus的性狀。經注射白兔製備抗血清，結果以瓊脂擴散反應測定，抗GLV血清只與同源抗體反應，且力價達1/4。以間接法免疫酵素分析顯示GLV與日本GLV-S（蕗蕎分離株）之反應一致，且與本省葱科分離株及韭分離株都有交叉反應；應用於田間大蒜植株檢定，抗體稀釋至1/1000仍有效。因此以夾層抗體法免疫酵素分析測定大蒜鱗莖帶GLV之情形，結果在1386個檢體中有413個呈陽性反應；至於田間大蒜株的病毒發生調查，採樣655株中，有146株葉片呈陽性反應，而GLV在臺灣的發生無地區性差異，唯在白葉或軟骨的大蒜品系有較高的發生率。Garlic latent virus (GLV) was isolated from plants of “northern garlic”, which seed-bulbs were imported from mainland China in 1989. It caused symptomless infection on garlic, onion, shallot, Welsh onion, Chinese leek, and pea, local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, and Tetragonia expansa, or systemic necrosis on broad bean, but did not infect leek, narcissus, lily, belldonna lily, tobacco (5 species), Gomphrena globosa, and Physalis floridana in host range test. The virus was propagated in Chinese leek and assayed in C. amaranticolor; thermal inactivation point (TIP) is 55-60°C, dilution end point (DEP) is 10-3-10-4, and longevity in vitro is 3-4 days. Purified preparation was obtained from GLV inoculated leaves of C. quinoa by cesium sulfate isopycnic centrifugation. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of GLV is typical of a nucleoprotein, with maximum at 258 nm, minium at 243 nm, Amax/Amin ratio is 1.084, and A260/A280 ratio is 1.25. For the most part of GLV particles in purified preparation are slightly straight filaments with length of 600-700 nm. Molecular weight of capsid protein monomer estimated by SDS-PAGE is 30,700 daltons. Antiserum against GLV was prepared by injecting purified virion to a rabbit. In SDS-immunodiffusion tests, the antiserum reacted only with homologous antigen and its titer was 1/4. Indirect ELISA showed that GLV was serologically identical to GLV-S (a Japanese scallion isolate) and cross-reacted with a Welsh onion isolate or a Chinese leek isolate. For virus indexing in garlic, a 1/1000 dilution of leaf sap was positively detected by ELISA. Consequently, a survey for GLV occurrence by DAS-ELISA was conducted in 1988-1991. A total of 1,386 garlic bulbs purchased from markets or collected from fields, 413 samples were reacted with antibody against GLV; and GLV was also detected in 146 leaf samples out of 655 plants collected from garlic fields. It was indifferent in the frequence of virus distribution on garlic growing areas of Taiwan but GLV was prevalent on white leaf varieties of garlic
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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