4,447 research outputs found
Effects of Lewis number, density ratio and gravity on burning velocity and conditional statistics in stagnating turbulent premixed flames
No full textDNS is performed to analyse the effects of Lewis number (Le), density ratio and gravity in stagnating turbulent premixed flames. The results show good agreement with those of Lee and Huh (Combustion and Flame, Vol. 159, 2012, pp. 1576-1591) with respect to the turbulent burning velocity, S-T, in terms of turbulent diffusivity, flamelet thickness, mean curvature and displacement speed at the leading edge. In all four stagnating flames studied, a mean tangential strain rate resulting in a mean flamelet thickness smaller than the unstretched laminar flame thickness leads to an increase in S-T. A flame cusp of positive curvature involves a superadiabatic burned gas temperature due to diffusive-thermal instability for an Le less than unity. Wrinkling tends to be suppressed at a larger density ratio, not enhanced by hydrodynamic instability, in the stagnating flow configuration. Turbulence is produced, resulting in highly anisotropic turbulence with heavier unburned gas accelerating through a flame brush by Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Results are also provided on brush thickness, flame surface density and conditional velocities in burned and unburned gas and on flame surfaces to represent the internal brush structures for all four test flames.X1122sciescopu
E-shopping and off-line delivery systems in Korea: real space still matters
No full textIt is sometimes believed that the “real world” makes no difference in Internet shopping. This paper examines how off-line distribution systems of merchandise affect the spatial extent of Internetbased shopping in Korea. This case study investigated a leading e-shop, which employs a number of delivery systems to distribute merchandise to its patrons. The analysis revealed that the distribution of convenience shops and transit network did limit the spatial extent of the market hinterland of the case e-shop, and that there is also a strong preponderance of buyers within and nearby the district where the e-shop headquarters and distribution center are located
Replication of Huh-7 – passaged cloned DENV-2.
No full text<p>(a) Huh-7 – passaged sylvatic P8-1407 DENV-2 on Huh-7 cells. (b) Huh-7 – passaged endemic IQT-1950 DENV-2 on Huh-7 cells. (c) Huh-7 – passaged sylvatic P8-1407 DENV-2 on the bypassed cell line C6/36. (d) Huh-7 – passaged endemic IQT-1950 DENV-2 on the bypassed cell line C6/36. (e) Huh-7 – passaged sylvatic P8-1407 DENV-2 on a control cell line (Vero). (f) Huh-7 – passaged endemic IQT-1950 DENV-2 on a control cell line (Vero). Timepoint T = 0 represents residual virus after washing.</p
Replication of Huh-7 – passaged uncloned DENV-2.
No full text<p>(a) Huh-7 – passaged sylvatic P8-1407 DENV-2 on Huh-7 cells. (b) Huh-7 – passaged endemic IQT-1950 DENV-2 on Huh-7 cells. (c) Huh-7 – passaged sylvatic P8-1407 DENV-2 on the bypassed cell line C6/36. (d) Huh-7 – passaged endemic IQT-1950 DENV-2 on the bypassed cell line C6/36. (e) Huh-7 – passaged sylvatic P8-1407 DENV-2 on a control cell line (Vero). (f) Huh-7 – passaged endemic IQT-1950 DENV-2 on a control cell line (Vero). Timepoint T = 0 represents residual virus after washing.</p
Data and code for: Huh et al. (2021). A structural equation modeling approach to meta-analytic mediation analysis using individual participant data
No full textThis data repository contains the companion R code and data set for: Huh, D., Li, X., Zhou, Z., Walters, S. T., Baldwin, S. A., Tan, Z., Larimer, M. E., & Mun, E.-Y. (2021). A structural equation modeling approach to meta-analytic mediation analysis using individual participant data: Testing protective behavioral strategies as a mediator of brief motivational intervention effects on alcohol-related problems. Prevention Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01318-
Opportunistic detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a marker for the early gut microbial dysbiosis
No full textBackgroundThe essential roles of gut microbiome have been emphasized in modulating human health and disease. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an obligate Gram-negative microorganism residing in oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere, has been recently considered as a potential oncobacterium associated with human cancers. However, the consequence of its enrichment was not extensively explored in terms of microbial homeostasis and stability at the early stage of disease development.ResultOur analysis on longitudinal metagenomic data generated by the Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP) showed that F. nucleatum was frequently found in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) subjects with reduced microbial diversity. Using non-parametric logarithmic linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) algorithm, 12 IBD- and 14 non-IBD-specific bacterial species were identified in the fecal metagenome and the IBD-specific ones were over-represented in the F. nucleatum-experienced subjects during long-term surveillance. In addition, F. nucleatum experience severely abrogated intra-personal stability of microbiome in IBD patients and induced highly variable gut microbiome between subjects. From the longitudinal comparison between microbial distributions prior and posterior to F. nucleatum detection, 41 species could be proposed as indicative "classifiers" for dysbiotic gut state. By multiple logistic regression models established on these classifiers, the high probability of experiencing F. nucleatum was significantly correlated with decreased alpha-diversity and increased number of biomarker species for IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Finally, microbial clustering confirmed that biomarker species for IBD and non-IBD conditions as well as CRC signature markers were well distinguishable and could be utilized for explaining gut symbiosis and dysbiosis.ConclusionF. nucleatum opportunistically appeared under early dysbiotic condition in gut, and discriminative classifier species associated with F. nucleatum were successfully applied to predict microbial alterations in both IBD and non-IBD conditions. Our prediction model and microbial classifier biomarkers for estimating gut dysbiosis should provide a novel aspect of microbial homeostasis/dynamics and useful information on non-invasive biomarker screening.11Ysciescopu
Expression and recognition of the chimpanzee Patr-B1701 molecule on the surface of Huh-7.5 cells.
No full text<p>(A) Surface expression of MHC class I on Huh-7.5 cells transfected with a plasmid containing the Patr-B1701 molecule and zeocin selection marker. No difference in surface expression was observed when compared to untransfected Huh-7.5 cells. Isotype control is depicted in grey. (B) CTL lysis of transfected Huh-7.5 cells. Huh-7.5 cells expressing the Patr-B1701 (Huh-7.5/B1701) molecule were pulsed with wild-type peptide and incubated with increasing amounts of CTL clone 4A specific for the NS3<sub>1629–1637</sub> wild-type epitope. Cells presenting this peptide on the Patr-B1701 molecule are lysed by CTLs as efficiently as EBV-transformed autologous B cells presenting peptide (B1701T). Untransfected Huh-7.5 cells served as a negative control. (C) CD8+ T cell clone IFNγ response to Huh-7.5/B1701 cells presenting exogenous peptide. Huh-7.5/B1701 cells were loaded with parent HCV1/910 NS3<sub>1629–1637</sub> or mutant NS3<sub>1629–1637</sub> peptide as in (B) and cocultured with a CD8+ T cell clone targeting the NS3<sub>1629–1637</sub> epitope. Huh-7.5/B1701 cells presenting parent HCV1/910 NS3<sub>1629–1637</sub> but not mutant peptide at concentrations of 0.5 µg/ml and lower could elicit an IFNγ response from the CD8+ T clone. Cocultures were stimulated with PHA as a positive control, and unpulsed Huh-7.5/B1701 cells or Huh-7.5 cells pulsed with parent HCV1/910 NS3<sub>1629–1637</sub> peptide served as negative controls. Plots depicted are gated on CD3+ T cells.</p
Cytotoxicity for Huh-7.5 cells, and inhibition of HCV progeny production by T-705.
No full text(A) Determinations of cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) and the effect of 400 μM and 800 μM T-705 on cell viability, (B) drug concentration required for 50% inhibition, or inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50); experiments were carried out in triplicate. Values and standard deviations were calculated using the program Sigma Plot. (C) Huh-7.5 reporter cells were infected with HCV p0 at a MOI of 0.03 TCID50/cell (4 x 105 Huh-7.5 cells infected with 1.2 x 104 TCID50), in the absence or presence of the T-705 concentrations indicated in the box. Infections with HCV GNN were carried out in parallel (negative control). Experimental conditions for cell growth, HCV infection, determination of cell viability, HCV infectivity, and serial virus passages are described in Materials and Methods. Discontinuous horizontal lines indicate the limit of detection.</p
Neural Signals Related to Outcome Evaluation Are Stronger in CA1 than CA3
No full textWe have shown previously that CA1 conveys significant neural signals necessary to update value of the chosen target, namely chosen value and reward signals. To better understand hippocampal neural processes related to valuation, we compared chosen value- and reward-related neural activity between the CA3 and CA1 regions. Single units were recorded with tetrodes from the dorsal CA3 and CA1 regions of rats performing a dynamic foraging task, and chosen value- and reward-related neural activity was estimated using a reinforcement learning model and multiple regression analyses. Neural signals for chosen value and reward converged in both CA3 and CA1 when a trial outcome was revealed. However, these neural signals were stronger in CA1 than CA3. Consequently, neural signals for reward prediction error and updated chosen value were stronger in CA1 than CA3. Together with our previous finding that CA1 conveys stronger value signals than the subiculum, our results raise the possibility that CA1 might play a particularly important role among hippocampal subregions in evaluating experienced events. © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Copyright © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. This is an open-access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the
original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this
journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution
or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.1221Nsciescopu
Estimation of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> uptake by silicate weathering in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau: a review of existing fluvial geochemical data
No full textThe fluvial geochemical data of major rivers draining the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau (HTP) are compiled from literature and supplemented with data from the author's group to explore the spatial variability in the major element and strontium isotopic compositions and in rates of silicate weathering and concomitant drawdown of atmospheric CO2. The results indicate that carbonate weathering dominates the major element composition of these rivers, and when the silicate contributions are carefully separated, there is spatial variability within the HTP system. Silicate contributions are highest in the rivers of the Himalayan syntaxes and in the Yamuna, Alaknanda-Bhaghirathi and Kosi tributaries of the Ganges. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios are especially radiogenic in the Ganges tributaries but the values do not necessarily correlate with the relative input from silicate weathering. Even in the Yamuna tributary of the Ganges where rates of CO2 consumption by silicate weathering are several times those of the rivers of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, the rates are comparable to the rivers draining the Andes. Thus, the Ganges tributaries supply uniquely radiogenic 87Sr to the ocean but cannot be considered anomalous in terms of silicate weathering rates in comparison to other major rivers draining orogenic zones. © The Geological Society of London 2010.N
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