28,050 research outputs found
Purification Chart of AK-TNFα and AK-T-TNFα from 300 ml of Bacterial Culture<sup>*</sup>.
No full textPurification Chart of AK-TNFα and AK-T-TNFα from 300 ml of Bacterial Culture*.</p
The underestimated virtues of the two-sector AK model
No full textWe show that the two-sector version of the AK model proposed by Rebelo (1991) can be read as an endogenous growth extension of Greenwood, Hercowitz and Krusell (1997). By confining constant returns to capital to the investment goods sector, the model generates endogenously the secular downward trend of the relative price of equipment investment and the rising real investment rate observed in US NIPA data. Whereas Jones (1995) criticizes that the one-sector model fails to reconcile the empirical facts of trending real investment rates and stationary output growth, this incompatibility vanishes in the two-sector version. Finally, a simple technological shock can reproduce the ‘1974’ break in post World War II US data. Thus, AK-type endogenous growth models comply much better with empirical evidence, once they are augmented with a strictly concave consumption sector.AK model; embodiment; endogenous growth; obsolescence; ‘1974’
Spatial dynamics and convergence: the spatial AK model
No full textWe study the optimal dynamics of an AK economy where population is uniformly distributed along the unit circle. Locations only differ in initial capital endowments. Despite constant returns to capital, we prove that transition dynamics will set in. In particular, we prove that the spatio-temporal dynamics, induced by the willingness of the planner to give the same (detrended) consumption over space and time, lead to convergence in the level of capital across locations in the long-run.Economic Growth, Inequality, Spatial Dynamics, Convergence
Spatial dynamics and convergence: the spatial AK model
No full textWe study the optimal dynamics of an AK economy where population is uniformly distributed along the unit circle. Locations only differ in initial capital endowments. Despite constant returns to capital, we prove that transition dynamics will set in. In particular, we prove that the spatio-temporal dynamics, induced by the willingness of the planner to give the same (detrended) consumption over space and time, lead to convergence in the level of capital across locations in the long-run.Economic Growth, Inequality, Spatial Dynamics, Convergence
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Pengaruh Brand Image terhadap Keputusan Pembelian T-shirt Band AK//47
No full textMusik saat ini menjadi salah satu kebutuhan manusia. Dalam dunia musik terdapat label musik, label musik dibagi menjadi dua, yakni label musik major (Arus utama) dan label musik independent. Kegiatan dari musisimusisi musik independent bertolak belakang baik dari segi idelisme, kreativitas, produksi serta pemasaran. AK//47 merupakan salah satu grup musik beraliran Grindcore yang berasal dari Semarang. AK//47 sudah bermusik sejak tahun 1999. Mereka melakukan kegiatan bermusik mereka secara mandiri seperti membuat karya musik hingga membuat karya berupa merchandise. AK//47 melakukan kegiatan bermusik sekaligus membentuk brand image yang sudah terbentuk dalam persepsi para penggemarnya. Brand image yang dimiliki oleh band AK//47 mendasari penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada followers AK//47 yang memiliki akun Instagram pribadi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu sejauh mana brand image yang dimiliki oleh AK//47 mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian t-shirt band AK//47. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori tindakan beralasan serta brand image. Metode kuantitatif merupakan metode yang peneliti pilih untuk melaksanakan penelitian ini dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden yang merupakan followers Instagram AK//47. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil yang positif serta signifikan antara brand image dengan keputusan pembelian t-shirt band AK//47
The Poverty of Linear Nations: Lessons from Taking an AK Model to the Data.
No full textThis paper takes an AK model to the PWT data. In the model, intratemporal and intertemporal shocks are reduced forms for different technologies, and determine the variation of the growth rate. Using the policy functions of the model we recover time series for the unobserved technology shock for a panel of countries. We can then evaluate both how well the model fits the data and what the contribution of the different shocks to the variation of growth rates is. We find that the data is largely inconsistent with the AK structure. However, we isolate what we believe are pervasive patterns in macroeconomic models: a negative correlation between intra and intertemporal shocks, and an ever increasing level of technology matched with ever cheaper consumption relative to investment.endogenous growth; technology shocks; investment shocks
Türkiye çocuk edebiyatında iki önemli isim: Sevim Ak, Behiç Ak
No full textAnkara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2018.This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Includes bibliographical references (page 15).Bu makalenin amacı, çocuk öyküleri yazarı Sevim Ak ve Behiç Ak ile ilgili detaylı bilgiler vererek Türkiye edebiyatındaki yerlerinin önemini göstermektir. Bu makale, Sevim Ak’ın yazarlık kariyeri ve kardeşi Behiç Ak’ın sanatçı kişiliği ve Sevim Ak ile işbirlikleri hakkında bilgi veriyor. Makalemiz, Sevim Ak’ın hayat hikayesini anlatırken çocukluğundan itibaren bir yazar olarak gelişimini inceliyor, yurtiçinde ve yurtdışında elde ettiği başarılardan bahsediyor ve yazarlık dışı aktivitelerine de değiniyor. Behiç Ak ‘ın da karikatüristlik kariyerinden ve Sevim Ak ile işbirliğinden bahsediyor. Bu çalışma yapılırken ikinci el kaynakların yanı sıra Sevim Ak ile yapılan röportaj da kullanılmıştır.This article aims to demonstrate the achievements of the Turkish author, Sevim Ak and her brother Behiç Ak in Turkish literature. This article gives information about both Sevim Ak’ s and Behiç Ak’s career and Behiç Ak’s contribution to Sevim Ak’s works with his cartoons. Our project studies Sevim Ak and her brother’s childhood, Her career path, achievements in Turkey and overseas, and finally other projects she participated in. In addition, Behiç Ak’s career as a cartoonist is mentioned. Secondary sources and an interview with Sevim Ak as a primary source is used in this project.by Abdürrahim Özer
Dynamic Programming, Maximum Principle and Vintage Capital
No full textWe present an application of the Dynamic Programming (DP) and of the Maximum Principle (MP) to solve an optimization over time when the production function is linear in the stock of capital (Ak model). Two views of capital are considered. In one, which is embraced by the great majority of macroeconomic models, capital is homogeneous and depreciates at a constant exogenous rate. In the other view each piece of capital has its own finite productive life cycle (vintage capital). The interpretation of the time patterns of macroaggregates is quite different between the two cases. A technological shock generates an oscillatory movement in the time pattern of per capita output when capital has a vintage structure; conversely an instantaneous adjustment with no transitional dynamics occurs when capital is homogeneous. From a methodological point of view it emerges that the DP approach delivers sharper results than the MP approach (for instance it delivers a closed form solution for the optimal investment strategy) under slacker parameter restrictions. Cross-time and cross-country data on investments, income, and consumption drawn from the Penn World Table version 6.2 are used to evaluate the vintage and standard Ak model.Vintage Capital; Penn World Table; Maximum Principle; Hilbert Space
Kinetics of pressure-induced CY+W transformation in titanium
No full textThe a-phase (hcp) of titanium, which exists at normal temperature and pressure, transforms to a simple hexagonal structure (w-phase) at high pressure.The kinetics data obtained earlier under isothermal-isobaric conditions were13; found to satisfy an equation of the type C = l-exp(-t/T)quot;, where C is the volume fraction of the transformed w-phase after a time t, and T and n are constants at a given pressure. The characteristic time T decreases rapidly with13; increasing pressure, indicating that the kinetics of transformation increases exponentially as the pressure is increased. The pressure-dependence of T was used to predict the transformation pressure under shock loading. In this article, the earlier kinetics data have been re-interpreted to discuss the occurrence of a + w transformation in titanium under shock loading
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