96,960 research outputs found
Control of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in human trigeminal ganglia
No full textHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects humans and, after a primary lytic infection, establishes lifelong latency in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG). HSV 1 latency is accompanied by a chronic immune cell infiltration of the TG, the infiltrate being mainly composed of CD8+ T cells. These T cells are believed to control viral latency, but cellular and viral factors like viral microRNAs are also considered to play a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of viral latency.
In the present work, it was investigated whether the tissue-infiltrating T cells are clonally expanded, which would indicate that these T cells are activated by antigen. By applying complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping and immunohistochemistry, several clonal expansions were identified in the TG-resident T cells. In addition, several T cells were present that seemed to be unspecific bystander T cells. Strikingly, some expanded T cell clones were present in the right and left TG of the same individual. This strongly suggests that similar antigens are present in both TG and that the infiltration of immune cells to the TG is driven by antigen.
The morphology of the TG was investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridiza¬tion. Analysis of the distribution of T cells throughout the TG provided puzzling results: unexpectedly, most neurons surrounded by T cells did not harbour the only known prominent transcript during latency, the latency associated transcript (LAT). Whether these neurons do actually harbour latent virus was addressed by a combination of LAT in situ hybridisation, T cell immunohistochemistry, and single cell analysis of laser microdissected sensory neurons by PCR. This analysis revealed that only LAT+ neurons were harbouring HSV 1 DNA and viral microRNAs. Also, mRNA for a viral gene product was only detected in LAT+ neurons. All analysed LAT– neurons were devoid of viral microRNAs and DNA of HSV 1. DNA of HSV 2 or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was not detected in any of the excised neurons. Alto¬gether this indicates that in the vast majority of infected human neurons, HSV 1 latency is not directly controlled by T cells, but rather by cellular or viral factors like the miRNAs. Our data suggest that CD8+ T cells only come into action if these mechanisms are overrun
Why the critical temperature of high-<i>T<sub>c</sub></i> cuprate superconductors is so low: The importance of the dynamical vertex structure
No full textTo fathom the mechanism of high-temperature (T-c) superconductivity, the dynamical vertex approximation is evoked for the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model. After showing that our results reproduce well the cuprate phase diagram with a reasonable T-c and dome structure, we keep track of the scattering processes that primarily affect T-c. We find that local particle particle diagrams significantly screen the bare interaction at low frequencies, which in turn suppresses antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and hence the pairing interaction. Thus we identify dynamical vertex corrections as one of the main oppressors of T-c which may provide a hint toward higher T-c's
Adrian Caesar speaking at Alex Miller author: A Celebration, held at the National Library, Canberra, 30 October 2011 /
No full textTitle from information supplied by photographer.; Part of the collection: Alex Miller author: A Celebration, held at the National Library of Australia theatre, 30 October 2011.; Mode of access: Online.; Photographed by a staff member of the National Library of Australia
Minimum Mean Cycle Instances
No full textThis data set contains some large real-world instances of the minimum mean cycle problem.
They are reported as the bonn01 to bonn09 instances in the paper:
Georgiadis, L., Goldberg, A. V., Tarjan, R. E., & Werneck, R. F.
"An experimental study of minimum mean cycle algorithms",
in 2009 Proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), pp. 1–13,
SIAM.
The instances arise in clock skew scheduling in chip design, e.g. see
Held, S., Korte, B., Rautenbach, D. and Vygen, J.
"Combinatorial optimization in VLSI design. Combinatorial Optimization",
in Combinatorial Optimization, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - D: Information and Communication Security, pp. 33–96, 2011.
The clock skew scheduling problem in chip design is, given a directed graph G with edge delays d:E(G)-> R,
find a minimum cycle time T and arrival times (a schedule) a: V(G) -> R such that
a(v) + d(v,w) <= a(w) + T for all (v,w) in E(G).
G is called a latch graph. The nodes represent latches and registers, and the edges represent the longest signal paths between registers.
The problem of minimizing T is equivalent to maximizing the worst slack min{s(v,w) := a(w) + T - a(v) - d(v,w) | (v,w) in E(G)} for a fixed cycle time T.
The instances provided in the tar file below consist of directed graphs with edge costs c(v,w) = T - d(v,w),
i.e. edge slacks w.r.t. a zero-skew schedule where a = 0.
The maximum achievable worst slack by varying the schedule 'a' equals the value of a minimum mean cycle in (G,c).
Instance sizes range from 70346 nodes and 898220 edges to 1065274 nodes and 104340248 edges.
Other instances are very dense, e.g. 5361 nodes and 4169878 edges.
Note that the instances may not be strongly connected or even connected.
Format: Ignore empty lines and lines starting with '#', then:
1st line: number_of_nodes number_of_edges
next lines: from_node to_node edge_cost (i.e., zero skew slack
Legal regulation of prices in Tanzania : an examination of the Regulation of Prices Act 1973 as a tool of social change and development
No full textDrawing mainly from the Tazanian experience this study
attempts to review the principal issues in the legal regulation of
prices, by identifying both the general and specific importance
of law in this respect. The position I shall present is that
legal control is both necessary and desirable for the welfare
and social development of the people. The key issue is whether
the market-place will perform its function satisfactory: Will
it produce socially desirable results? If it will not, why will
it not? And will legal regulation help to do the job a little
better?
In an attempt to answer some of these questions,
first of all, outline the basic issues raised by the study in
the first Chapter. Then I examine the general case for price
controls - the theory about the controls, the motives and reasons
for their imposition and the manner in which they are effected
in different economic systems. This is done in Chapter Two. Relying
most on the available literature on the regulatory process, this
Chapter also looks at the relationship between law and economic
regulation and concludes that the effectiveness of law depends
on the existence of a conducive socio-economic environment. In
Chapter Three I describe the past record of price control laws
in Tanzania. I conclude that despite the failure in the past,
the controls still constitute an important policy instrument
in the transition to socialism. In Chapters Four and Five I describe
the manner in which the current regulations are implemented and
the problems encountered. I conclude that the operational performance
of the controls is constrained by internal and external influences on the economic and political life of the country. In the concluding
Chapter I assess the impact of the controls: Do the controls
work? Do people buy goods at the controlled prices? Why today
the controls are almost popularly accepted as worthwhile? I conclude
that while there may be no measurable economic gains derived
by consumers, the controls have a stabilising effect on the social
and political front. In the final section I argue that the
future success of the legislation depends on creating a correspondence
between the economic structures and the control system. What
makes the controls ineffective is not so much defects in the
law but the contradictions between the orientation of and functioning
of the economic system and the ideological commitment
Models of Democracy
No full textThe first two editions of Models of Democracy have proven immensely popular among students and specialists worldwide. In a succinct and far-reaching analysis, David Held provides an introduction to central accounts of democracy from classical Greece to the present and a critical discussion of what democracy should mean today.
This new edition has been extensively revised and updated to take account of significant transformations in world politics, and a new chapter has been added on deliberative democracy which focuses not only on how citizen participation can be increased in politics, but also on how that participation can become more informed.
Like its predecessor, the third edition of Models of Democracy combines lucid exposition and clarity of expression with careful scholarship and originality, making it highly attractive to students and experts in the field. The third edition will prove essential reading for all those interested in politics, political theory and political philosophy.
A companion website to Models of Democracy provides lecturer and student resources; including a study guide, an interview with the author and links to develop the reader's understanding of the topics covered
Dynamical vertex approximation for the two-dimensional Hubbard model
No full textRecently, diagrammatic extensions of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) have been proposed for including short- and long-range correlations beyond DMFT on an equal footing. We employ one of these, the dynamical vertex approximation (D Gamma A), and study the two-dimensional Hubbard model on a square lattice. We define two transition lines in the phase diagram which correspond, respectively, to the opening of the gap in the nodal direction and throughout the Fermi surface. Our self-energy data show that the evolution between the two regimes occurs in a gradual way (crossover) and also that at low enough temperatures the whole Fermi surface is always gapped. Furthermore, we present a comparison of our DTA calculations at a parameter set where data obtained by other techniques are available. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Plan showing Provincial Government property in the subdivisions of Lots 933 and 934, Group 1, Cariboo District, South Fort George, British Columbia to be offered for sale at public auction.
No full textScale [ca. 1:4800] 400 ft. to 1 in. Sales will be held at Vancouver, B.C., on May 19th, 20th and 21st, 1914; Victoria, B.C., on May 26th and 27th, 1914; Fort George, B.C., on June 9th, 10th and 11th, 1914. The sale in Vancouver will be held in the Dominion Hall, Pender Street, W
Plan showing Provincial Government property in the subdivisions of Lots 343, 936, 937, 938 and 1429, Group 1, Cariboo District, British Columbia : Fort George and Prince George, British Columbia.
No full textScale [ca. 1:4800] 400 ft. to 1 in. To be offered for sale at public auction. Sales will be held at Vancouver, B.C., on May 19th, 20th and 21st, 1914; Victoria, B.C., on May 26th and 27th, 1914; Fort George, B.C., on June 9th, 10th and 11th, 1914. The sale in Vancouver will be held in the Dominion Hall, Pender Street, W
Hand-held spectrophotometer design for textile fabrics
No full textIn this study, a hand-held spectrophotometer was designed by taking advantage of the developments in modern optoelectronic technology. Spectrophotometer devices are used to determine the color information from the optic properties of the materials. As an alternative to a desktop spectrophotometer device we have implemented, it is the first prototype, low cost and portable. The prototype model designed for the textile industry can detect the color tone of any fabric. The prototype model consists of optic sensor, processor, display floors. According to the color applied on the optic sensor, it produces special frequency information on its output at that color value. In Arduino type processor, the frequency information is evaluated by the program we have written and the color tone information between 0-255 ton is decided and displayed on the screen
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