172 research outputs found
Gefängnis. Die Auslagerung von Unsicherheit und die Folgen für soziale Gerechtigkeit
No full textDas Gefängnis als Ort des Strafens kann als ein besonderer gesellschaft- licher Raum verstanden werden, weil es stark von anderen Räumen abge- trennt ist. Gleichwohl ist es vielfältig geprägt und bestimmt: Durch das Strafrecht, das ihm einerseits das Vollzugsziel vorgibt, andererseits durch aktuelle Entwicklungen für andere politische Ziele instrumentalisiert zu werden droht; durch den Charakter als totale Institution, durch gesell- schaftliche Erwartungen. Die vielfältigen Bestimmungen überlagern das eigentliche Vollzugsziel derResozialisierung. Sie führen zudem nicht zum Abbau von Ungerechtigkeit, sondern tragen bei zu gesellschaftlicher Segregation und verfestigen vorhandene soziale Ungerechtigkeit. Prison as a place of punishment can be understood as a special space of society because of its strict separation from other spaces inside society. Nevertheless it is influenced and formed by many ways: by penitential law, which prescribes the purpose of imprisonment and which seems to be exploited by other political intentions; by its character as total Institution and by expectations of society. These multiple determinations overlay the purpose of resocialization. They don´t lead to a reduction of injustice but they contribute to societal segregation and they reinforce social injustice
The concept of the unconscious in the early cognitive therapy of Aaron T. Beck
No full textStandardowa narracja na temat narodzin terapii poznawczej głosi, że jej twórca Aaron T. Beck
zerwał wszelkie więzi z psychoanalizą i wybrał drogę formułowania teorii opartą na eksperymentach
naukowych. Wydaje się jednak, że podejście Becka do roli i znaczenia utajonych procesów
poznawczych było o wiele bardziej złożone. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikom aktualnych
badań historycznych na temat narodzin terapii poznawczej oraz przedstawienie beckowskiego ujęcia
procesów nieświadomych we wczesnej wersji jego teorii, ze szczególnym naciskiem na drogę dojścia
do nieświadomych treści. Sugerujemy, że na kształt wczesnej teorii miały wpływ ówczesna sytuacja
w amerykańskiej opiece psychiatrycznej, retoryka związana z zimną wojną oraz psychoanalityczne
wykształcenie Aarona T. Becka. W swoich wczesnych pracach Beck nie rozwinął wystarczająco pojęcia
"schematu", co pozostawiło lukę w jego teorii. Zauważamy także, że Beck nie opisywał w owym
czasie szerzej dedukcyjnej drogi dotarcia do treści nieświadomych. Uzyskane wnioski umożliwiają
terapeutom lepsze zrozumienie źródeł terapii poznawczej oraz trudności, z jakimi zmagał się Beck.The standard narrative about the origin of cognitive therapy has it that its originator, Aaron T. Beck,
broke all ties with psychoanalysis and chose the evidence-based way of formulating his theory. It seems,
however, that Beck’s attitude to the issue of the role and significance of latent mental processes
was much more complex. The aim of this article is to familiarize readers with current historical
research on the birth of cognitive therapy and presentation of Beck’s concept of the unconscious
in the early version of his theory, with special emphasis on the issues of accessing latent mental
contents and processes. We suggest that the early Beck’s theory was influenced by the situation in
the American psychiatric care in sixties, the Cold War rhetoric, and psychoanalytic education of
Aaron T. Beck. In his early work, Beck did not elaborate sufficiently on the concept of "schema"
which made a gap in his theory. We can also notice, that at that time he did not describe in detail
the deductive way to get to latent contents. These findings allow therapists to better understand the
sources of cognitive therapy and the difficulties Beck was struggling with
Ocena poziomu lęku i depresji u rodziców dzieci z zespołem nerczycowym – sposoby radzenia sobie z nimi i metody wsparcia
No full textWstęp i cele pracy: Idiopatyczny zespół nerczycowy w wieku rozwojowym przebiega nawrotowo i trwale zmie‑
nia życie dzieci oraz ich rodziców. Celem badania była ocena poziomu lęku i depresji u rodziców dzieci z zespo‑
łem nerczycowym. Materiał i metodyka: Badanie zaplanowano jako przekrojową próbę kliniczną wśród rodzi‑
ców dzieci chorujących na zespół nerczycowy w odniesieniu do rodziców dzieci zdrowych. Wszyscy badani
(46 rodziców) wypełniali: ankietę dotyczącą przebiegu choroby u dziecka, kwestionariusz STAI (Inwentarz stanu
i cechy lęku), kwestionariusz Skali depresji Becka, kwestionariusz Skali kontroli emocji (CECS). Grupę kontrolną
stanowiło 20 rodziców dzieci zdrowych. Wyniki: Rodzice dzieci z zespołem nerczycowym charakteryzowali się
istotnie wyższym poziomem depresji (Skala depresji Becka 8,7 vs 4,9, t = 2,18, p < 0,05). U ojców zaobserwo‑
wano wyższe subiektywne uczucie kontrolowania własnych reakcji w porównaniu z matkami – wyższy wynik
CECS, suma u ojców (55,1 vs 47,2, t = 2,53, p < 0,05). U matek odnotowano wyższe wskaźniki zarówno w ska‑
lach mierzących poziom lęku jako cechy (STAI – cecha 45,7 vs 36,1, t = 3,19, p < 0,05) i stanu (STAI – stan
42,8 vs 33,4, t = 2,8, p < 0,05), jak i w kwestionariuszu badającym poziom depresji (10,62 vs 4,86, t = 2,66,
p < 0,05). Rodzice, którzy wykazywali tendencję do obwiniania się o chorobę dziecka, podczas jej pierwszego
epizodu uzyskali statystycznie istotny wyższy wynik w testach badających poziom depresji. Wnioski: Rodzice
dzieci cierpiących na zespół nerczycowy charakteryzowali się istotnie wyższym poziomem depresji niż rodzice
dzieci zdrowych. Ważne wydaje się objęcie szczególną opieką matek, mającą na celu obniżenie poziomu lęku
i objawów depresji, oraz ojców skłonnych do tłumienia przeżywanych emocji
The European Union and Reflexive Modernization: Is Anthony Giddens' and Ulrich Beck's Theory of Late Modernity Convincing as a Political Discourse of Europeanization?
No full textU radu se problematizira viđenje Europske unije Anthonyja Giddensa i Ulricha Becka, koje su konstruirali na osnovi teorijskih uvida razvijenih u okvirima svoje sociologije kasne modernosti. Polazeći od »umjerene varijante« teorije političkog diskursa, autor pokušava pokazati kako sociologija kasne modernosti Giddensa i Becka ima naglašenu normativno-političku dimenziju koja zanemaruje društvenu i političku stvarnost klasične modernosti, pokazujući najprije kako se osnova za političko-diskurzivnu interpretaciju njihove teorije može pronaći i u njihovim vlastitim metodologijskim postavkama. Autor zaključuje kako se, izvan zaštitnog okvira legitimnosti koji pruža kategorija neutralne znanstvene teorije, teorija Giddensa i Becka, kao jedan od diskurzivnih političkih projekata europskog integriranja, mora ozbiljnije suočiti s opstojnošću protupolitike klasične modernosti: nacionalnodržavnim institucijama, jakošću nacionalnog identiteta i nacionalnodržavnih vezanosti, bez obzira tumači li se potonje kao primordijalne datosti ili samo kao čvrsto uspostavljene diskurzivno-političke snage suvremenosti.The article discusses Anthony Giddens’ and Ulrich Beck’s vision of the European Union, which they constructed on the basis of theoretical insights developed in their sociology of late modernity. Starting from the “moderate version” of political discourse theory, the author tries to show how Giddens’ and Beck’s sociology of late modernity has a strong normative-political dimension that neglects the social and political reality of classical modernity, and shows how political discursive interpretation of their theory can even be derived from their own methodological presuppositions. The author concludes that, once outside the protective belt of legitimacy provided by the category of neutral scientific theory, Giddens’ and Beck’s theory, as one of the political discursive projects of European integration, has to consider more seriously the persistent counterpolitics of classical modernity: the nation state institutions, the strength of national identity and the nation state allegiances, whether those are understood as primordial givens or as firmly established discursive-political forces of the contemporary world
Zmierzch cywilizacji? Rozważania wokół teorii Barbera, Giddensa i Becka
No full textIn this article, the author wonders whether we are witnessing the disappearance of the majorcivilizations of the world and the formation of “one, universal civilization”? In order to examinethe theories: Benjamin Barber, Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck. The conclusions state thatthere is no way to predict whether actually gone civilizations and the emergence of the McWorld(as it defined Barber) because, according to Popper, the future cannot be predicted. Nevertheless,the paper presents the processes leading to the disappearance of civilizations, and which aremainly from globalization
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Organic solderability preservation evaluation. Topical report
No full textAn evaluation was conducted to determine the possible replacement of the hot air solder leveling (HASL) process used in the Allied Signal Federal Manufacturing & Technologies (FM&T) Printed Wiring Board Facility with an organic solderability preservative (OSP). The drivers for replacing HASL include (1) Eliminating lead from PWB fabrication processes; (2) Potential legislation restricting use of lead, (3) Less expensive processing utilizing OSP rather than HASL processing; (4) Avoiding solder dross disposal inherent with HASL processing, (5) OSP provides flat, planar surface required for surface mount technology product, and (6) Trend to thinner PWB designs. A reduction in the cost of nonconformance (CONC) due to HASL defects (exposed copper, solderability, dewetting and non-wetting) would be realized with the incorporation of the OSP process. Several supplier HASL replacement candidates were initially evaluated. One supplier chemistry was chosen for potential use in the FM&T PWB and assembly areas
Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study
No full textBACKGROUND & AIMS: Histologic examination of a liver biopsy specimen is regarded as the reference standard for detecting liver fibrosis. Biopsy can be painful and hazardous, and assessment is subjective and prone to sampling error. We developed a panel of sensitive automated immunoassays to detect matrix constituents and mediators of matrix remodeling in serum to evaluate their performance in the detection of liver fibrosis.METHODS: In an international multicenter cohort study, serum levels of 9 surrogate markers of liver fibrosis were compared with fibrosis stage in liver biopsy specimens obtained from 1021 subjects with chronic liver disease. Discriminant analysis of a test set of samples was used to identify an algorithm combining age, hyaluronic acid, amino-terminal propeptide of type III collagen, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 that was subsequently evaluated using a validation set of biopsy specimens and serum samples.RESULTS: The algorithm detected fibrosis (sensitivity, 90%) and accurately detected the absence of fibrosis (negative predictive value for significant fibrosis, 92%; area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic plot, .804; standard error, .02; P < .0001; 95% confidence interval, .758-.851). Performance was excellent for alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The algorithm performed equally well in comparison with each of the pathologists. In contrast, pathologists' agreement over histologic scores ranged from very good to moderate (kappa = .97-.46). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of liver fibrosis with multiple serum markers used in combination is sensitive, specific, and reproducible, suggesting they may be used in conjunction with liver biopsy to assess a range of chronic liver diseases.Abbreviations used in this paper: ALD, alcoholic liver disease; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; GA, total cohort; GT, test set; GV, validation set; HA, hyaluronic acid; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NPV, negative predictive value; PIIINP, N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen; PPV, positive predictive value; ROC, receiver operator characteristic; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 <br/
A bibliographic study of the Herbert J. Frost/W. Somerset Maugham collection in the Sterling C. Evans Library
No full textTypescript (photocopy).This dissertation is an annotated, descriptive bibliography of the 947 items in the Herbert J. Frost/W. Somerset Maugham Collection housed in Sterling C. Evans Library at Texas A&M University. Of these, the 464 primary works are separated into five categories: manuscripts, published materials, correspondence, edited materials, and introductory materials. Items are arranged alphabetically by title. The 483 secondary materials are likewise separated into five categories: books and entire periodicals, clippings, adaptations, photographs, and programs. These items are arranged alphabetically by author or title. Notes regarding inscriptions, bibliographic rarities, content, or other information are provided as needed. Entries include references to the definitive bibliography of the primary works, Raymond Toole Stott's A Bibliography of the Works of W. Somerset Maugham and/or of the secondary, Charles Sanders' W. Somerset Maugham: An Annotated Bibliography of Writings About Him. Every effort has been made to provide clear, concise information suitable to the peculiarities of the items and the needs of researchers
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