3,328 research outputs found
[5-HT1A gene polymorphisms contributed to antidepressant response in major depression].
No full textVariability in antidepressant response is due to genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic factors, the ones controlling for availability of the drug at the target site are interesting candidates. Rs6295C/G SNP in the 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) has been found to affect the expression and function of HTR1A. In fact rs6295C/G is in strong linkage disequilibrium with other polymorphisms of HTR1A suggesting that those functional effects could be associated with polymorphisms other than or together with the synonymous rs6295C/G. In the present study we examined the possible association of a panel of markers in strong linkage disequilibrium of HTR1A with SSRI/SNRI response in 137 Japanese major depression subjects followed for 6 weeks. We observed a significant association of better response to antidepressant in rs10042486C/C (P < 0.0001), rs6295G/G (P < 0.0001) and rs1364043T/T (P = 0.018) genotype carriers, independently from clinical variables. Furthermore minor allele homozygous carriers in all these 3 SNPs were associated with treatment response by various assessments such as HAM-D score change over time (P = 0.001), week 2 (P < 0.0001), 4 (P = 0.007), and 6 (P = 0.048) as well as response rate (P = 0.0005) and remission rate (P = 0.004). We also pointed out the genotyping mis-definition of rs6295C/G in the previous four papers
Turris nadaensis Azuma 1973
No full text<i>Turris nadaensis</i> Azuma, 1973 <p>Plate 22, figs A–I</p> <p> <i>Turris nadaensis</i> Azuma, 1973: 33, figs 6–7 (radula); Higo, Callomon & Goto 1999: 303; Olivera 2000: 309, pl, 1, specimen 10, pl. 8; Hasegawa <i>et al.</i> 2000: 633, pl., 315, fig. 64; Olivera & Sysoev 2008: pl. 681, figs 2–4; Robin 2008: pl. 449, fig. 2. Type loc.: off Nada, Kii Peninsula, Japan, 20–30 fath. [37–55 m].</p> <p> <i>Turris undosa</i> (<i>non</i> Lamarck, 1816); Robin 2008: pl. 449, fig. 2.</p> <p> <i>? Turris undosa</i>; Vera-Peláez <i>et al.</i> (2000): pl. 1, fig. 2 (protoconch), pl. 4, figs 4–6.</p> <p> DESCRIPTION: Shell very variable in proportions and in length of siphonal canal, b/l 0.27–0.32, a/l 0.28–0.42. Suture shallow. Sculptured by sharp spiral cords, with rather wide intervals, bearing fine collabral threads. Subsutural cord low (in fact distinctly impressed), bearing a sharp median ridge with a weak one on either side. Sulcus moderately deep, and recessed under sinus cord, bordered by delicate, oblique scales (instead of a thin lamellate flange as in <i>T. undosa</i>). Sinus cord angular and shouldered (i.e. sloping) towards lip becoming flattened and with two thin ridges. Peripheral cord angular and moderately prominent, separated from sinus cord by a delicate, minute interstitial flange bearing oblique scales. Base of spire whorls with two angular ridges with widely sloping sides, intervals sometimes one or more spiral threads. Base of last whorl with a total of 17–20 spiral ridges, the upper 5–6 the strongest, becoming gradually weaker anteriorly (with a few finer intermediary threads), 5–6 uniformly fine ones on base of rostrum.</p> <p>White or brownish-white, with oblique axial stripes, breaking into spots on base of last whorl, crests of main ridges often with a thin brown line; inner lip and base of last whorl tinged with violet.</p> <p> Protoconch small, conical, <i>ca</i> 2.5 whorls, all except 1st with arcuate axial riblets.</p> <p>Attains 87.5 mm.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Southern Japan and Vietnam to the Philippines, Thailand and Solomon Islands, 10–150 m, sand.</p> <p> TYPES: <i>T. nadaensis</i>: Holotype in private collection of late Masao Azuma, no. 16151, present location not traced.</p> <p> OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: JAPAN: Tanabe Bay, Honshu, Japan (ANSP 421607 and 420647). VIETNAM: off Nha Trang, 70 m, sand (NMSA L7994: N. Thach). THAILAND: Racha Is., Phuket area, 20 m (NMSA: S. Patamakanthin); S.W. of Phuket, <i>ca</i> 100–120 m, trawled (NMSA L3588: S. Patamakanthin). PHILIPPINES: Balut Is., tangle net in <i>ca</i> 150 m; Masbate Is., 10–20 m, and Aliguay Is, Mindanao, trawled in 80–150 m (Guido Poppe colln); Matanos, Samal Is. Davao Gulf; Olango and Palawan Is. (BO colln); Panglao, Bohol, 73–110 m (NMSA L1855: D. Steinke); West Samar (NMSA G6252: F. J. Dayrit); Palawan, tangle net (NMSA J3949: F. J. Springsteen); SOLOMON IS: 9°50.4’S, 160°53.2’E, 82-83m (MNHN)</p> <p> REMARKS: <i>Turris nadaensis</i> is often confused with <i>T. cristata,</i> but is easily distinguished by its weak subsutural cord, much more uniform spirals and non-contracted base. Olivera (2000) discussed variation in <i>T. undosa</i> (as <i>T. nadaensis</i>) and noted the occurrence of a form with a stronger, sharper peripheral cord, rendering the whorls more angular; this form would appear to be typical <i>undata</i>. However, available material of <i>T. nadaensis</i> appears to show variation that is not easy to interpret. Variability in length of siphonal canal and in its degree of tapering is obvious, as is colour of base (vivid violet to pinkish-white). But size also varies: adult Philippine examples are usually 67.0 to 76.0 mm in length, Vietnamese specimens are particularly large (to 87.5 mm) but Thai adults may not exceed 46 mm. One Vietnamese specimen (NMSA L7994) has a particularly short, recurved siphonal canal. Variation in angularity of spiral cords may be visually exaggerated by a distinct spiral line on their crests.</p>Published as part of <i>Kilburn, Richard N., Fedosov, Alexander E. & Olivera, Baldomero M., 2012, Revision of the genus Turris Batsch, 1789 (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 3244 (1)</i> on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3244.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/246329">http://zenodo.org/record/246329</a>
Role of Co-stimulatory Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation
No full textCD4+ T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response to a variety of pathogens but also regulate autoimmune responses, asthma, allergic responses, as well as tumor immunity. To cover this broad spectrum of responses, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and TFH, as defined by their cytokine pattern and function. The fate decision of T helper cell differentiation integrates signals delivered through the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors, and the pattern of co-stimulatory signals received. In this review, we summarize the contribution of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors to the differentiation and maintenance of T helper cell responses
Working memory capacity: Is there a bilingual advantage?
No full textabstract: Previous studies suggest that bilinguals have certain executive function advantages over monolinguals. However, few studies have examined specific working memory (WM) differences between monolinguals and bilinguals using complex span tasks. In the current study, 52 bilingual and 53 monolingual speakers were administered simple and complex WM span tasks, including a backward digit-span task, standard operation span tasks and a non-verbal symmetry span task. WM performance was a strong predictor of performance on other WM tasks, whereas bilingual status was not. Thus, the present study did not find evidence of a bilingual advantage in WM capacity.This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published as Ratiu, Ileana, & Azuma, Tamiko (2015). Working memory capacity: Is there a bilingual advantage?. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, 27(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2014.976226. Copyright Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20445911.2014.97622
Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits lymphocyte binding and the upregulation of adhesion molecules in acute rejection of rat kidney allografts.
No full textMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) interacts with purine metabolism and possibly with the expression of adhesion molecules. In the present study, we analysed the expression of these molecules in transplanted kidney allografts treated with RS LBNF1 kidneys were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis rats and either treated with RS (20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle. Rats were harvested 3, 5 and 7 days following transplantation. For binding studies, fresh-frozen sections of transplanted kidneys were incubated with lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) derived from transplanted rats. Additionally, immunohistology was performed with various monoclonal antibodies. In general, MMF resulted in better preservation of graft structure by 7 days. Cellular infiltration and tubular atrophy were less pronounced. At day 3, macrophages were diminished in MMF-treated animals to a high extent, while the number of T cells was almost identical to that of controls. In addition, the number of cells positive for MHC class II and LFA-1 was reduced in the MMF-treated animals. These findings correlated with the binding results. Three days following engraftment, LNL bound to MMF-treated kidneys to a lesser extent compared to controls. In conclusion, MMF resulted in a markedly reduced leucocytic infiltrate, presumably based on a reduced expression of lymphocytic adhesion molecules and an interaction with macrophages
63Cu NQR Evidence of Dimensional Crossover to Anisotropic 2D Regime in S = 1/2 Three-Leg Ladder Sr2Cu3O5
No full textNo Association of TPH1 218A/C Polymorphism with Treatment Response and Intolerance to SSRIs in Japanese Patients with Major Depression
No full textGenetic variants in combination with early partial improvement as a clinical utility predictor of treatment outcome in major depressive disorder: The result of two pooled RCTs
No full textPharmacogenetics may allow for a personalized treatment, but a combination with clinical variables may further enhance prediction. In particular, in the present paper, we investigated early partial improvement (EPI) defined as 20% or more improvement by rating scales 2weeks after treatment, in combination with selected gene variants as a predictor of treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder. Two randomized controlled trials with 168 Japanese depressed patients were used. A stepwise multiple linear regression model with HAM-D score change at week 6 as the dependent variable and genotypes, EPI, baseline HAM-D score, age and sex as independent variables was performed in paroxetine, fluvoxamine and milnacipran, respectively, to estimate the prediction of HAM-D change at week 6. In the paroxetine sample, only EPI (P<0.001) was significantly associated with HAM-D change (n=81, R 2 =0.25, P<0.001). In the fluvoxamine sample, 5-HTTLPR La/Lg, S (P=0.029), FGF2 rs1449683C/T (P=0.013) and EPI (P=0.003) were associated with HAM-D change (n=42, R 2 =0.43, P<0.001). In the milnacipran sample, HTR-1A-1019C/G (P=0.001), ADRA2A-1297C/G (P=0.028) and EPI (P<0.001) were associated with outcome (n=45, R 2 =0.71, P<0.001). EPI in combination with genetic variants could be a useful predictor of treatment outcome and could strengthen the practical use of pharmacogenetic data in clinical practice
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