468 research outputs found
Towards a hybrid testing process unifying exploratory testing and scripted testing
No full textCONTEXT Given the current state of the art in research, practitioners are faced with the challenge of choosing scripted testing (ST) or exploratory testing (ET). OBJECTIVE This study aims at systematically incorporating strengths of ET and ST in a hybrid testing process to overcome the weaknesses of each. METHOD We utilized systematic review and practitioner interviews to identify strengths and weaknesses of ET and ST. Strengths of ET were mapped to weaknesses of ST and vice versa. Noblit and Hare's lines-ofargument method was used for data analysis. The results of the mapping were used as input to codesign a hybrid process with experienced practitioners. RESULTS We found a clear need to create a hybrid process as follows: (i) both ST and ET provide strengths and weaknesses, and these depend on some particular conditions, which prevents preference of one approach to another; and (ii) the mapping showed that it is possible to address the weaknesses in one process by the strengths of the other in a hybrid form. With the input from literature and industry experts, a flexible and iterative hybrid process was designed. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners can clearly benefit from using a hybrid process given the mapping of advantages and disadvantage
Comparing a Hybrid Testing Process with Scripted and Exploratory Testing: An Experimental Study with Practitioners
No full textThis study presents an experimental study comparing the testing quality of a Hybrid Testing (HT) process with the commonly used approaches in industry: Scripted Testing (ST) and Exploratory Testing (ET). The study was conducted in an international IT service company in Sweden with the involvement of six experienced testers. Two measures were used for comparison: 1) defect detection eectiveness (DDE) and 2) functionality coverage (FC). The results indicated that HT performed better in terms of DDE than ST and worse than ET. In terms of FC, HT performed better than ET, while no signicant dierences were observed between the HT and ST. Furthermore, HT performed best for experienced testers, but worse with less experienced testers
The Management of Refugee Repatriation: How Voluntary are ‘Voluntary’ Returns from Germany?
No full textIntracellular K(+) Determination With a Potentiometric Microelectrode Based on ZnO Nanowires
No full textThe fabrication and application of an intracellular K(+)-selective microelectrode is demonstrated. ZnO nanowires with a diameter of 100-180 nm and a length of approximately 1.5. m are grown on a borosilicate glass microcapillary. The ZnO nanowires were coated by a K(+)-ionophore-containing membrane. The K(+)-selective microelectrode exhibited a K(+)-dependent potentiometric response versus an Ag/AgCl reference microelectrode that was linear over a large concentration range (25 . M-125 mM) with a minimum detection limit of 1 . M. The measured K(+) concentrations in human adipocytes and in frog oocytes were consistent with values of K(+) concentrations reported in the literature. The sensor has several advantages including ease of fabrication, ease of insertion into the cells, low cost, and high selectivity features that make this type of sensor suitable to characterize physiologically relevant ions within single living cells.©2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Syed Usman Ali, Muhammad Asif, Alimujiang Fulati, Omer Nur, Magnus Willander, Cecilia Brännmark, Peter Strålfors, Ulrika Englund, Fredrik Elinder and Bengt Danielsson, Intracellular K(+) Determination With a Potentiometric Microelectrode Based on ZnO Nanowires, 2011, IEEE transactions on nanotechnology, (10), 4, 913-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2010.2089696</p
Glocuse detection with a commercial MOSFET using ZnO nanowires extended gate
No full textZinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were grown on a silver (Ag) wire with a diameter of approximately 250 m and used in an electrochemical sensor. The enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the ZnO nanowires and the silver wire was connected directly to the gate of a MOSFET. Upon exposure to glucose (1-100 M) the electrochemical response from the glucose oxidase induced a stable measurable voltage change on the gate leading to a strong modulation of the current through the MOSFET. For a sensor with uniform ZnO nanowires functionalized with GOD a fast response time of less than 100 ms, was demonstrated. The effect of the uniformity of the ZnO nanowires on the sensing property was also investigated. The extended gate arrangement facilitated glucose detection in small sample volumes and made it possible to demonstrate the present sensor concept using a standard low threshold MOSFET. The extended gate MOSFET sensor approach demonstrates the possibility and potential of the use of nano-structures coupled to standard electronic components for biosensing applications.©2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Syed M. Usman Ali, Omer Nour, Magnus Willander and Bengt Danielsson, Glocuse detection with a commercial MOSFET using ZnO nanowires extended gate, 2009, IEEE Transaction on Nanotechnology, (8), 6, 678-683.http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2009.201995
Estimation of Canal Water Deficit Using Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study in Lower Chenab Canal System
No full textThe timely precise information of land use land cover (LULC) in the canal command area can help in managing irrigation water according to the crop water requirement. A study was conducted to map the LULC of irrigated command area of three distributaries in the lower Chenab canal system, Pakistan, namely Mungi, Killianwala and Khurrianwala for the estimation of canal water deficit (CWD). Multispectral images of LANDSAT-7 were used for Rabi season of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. Normalized difference vegetation index-based unsupervised classification was performed for the formation of LULC of the commands area. During the initial classification, totally nine clusters were created with maximum likelihood. These clusters were then merged into final four classes on the basis of field knowledge. Accuracy assessment was performed using error matrix; producer and user accuracies were estimated for each class with overall accuracy of 84% and 86% for the Rabi season 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, respectively. For the assessment of the irrigation water demand,
potential evapotranspiration was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation. Crop water requirement was estimated based on the 10-day Kc value of the mapped crop from the LULC. Irrigation water demand for cropped area was estimated from the LULC and crop evapotranspiration. Canal water deficit was estimated from the available canal water supply and irrigation water requirement in the Rabi season. During the Rabi seasons, average CWD was 64%, 72% and 32% (2009–2010) and 33%, 46% and 36% (2010–2011) for Khurrianwala, Killianwala and Mungi distributary, respectively
The Management of Refugee Repatriation: How Voluntary are ‘Voluntary’ Returns from Germany?
No full textFunctionalized ZnO nanorod-based selective magnesium ion sensor for intracellular measurements
No full textZnO nanorods were grown on a silver-coated tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 mu m in tip diameter) and used as selective potentiometric sensor of intracellular free Mg2+. To functionalize the ZnO nanorods for selectivity of Mg2+, a polymeric membrane with Mg2+-selective ionophores were coated on the surface of the ZnO nanorods. These functionalized ZnO nanorods exhibited a Mg2+-dependent electrochemical potential difference versus an Ag/AgCl reference microelectrode within the concentration range from 500 nM to 100 mM. Two types of cells, human adipocytes and frog oocytes, were used for the intracellular Mg2+ measurements. The intracellular concentration of free Mg2+ in human adipocytes and frog oocytes were 0.4-0.5 and 0.8-0.9 mM, respectively. Such type of nanoelectrode device paves the way to enable analytical measurements in single living cells and to sense other bio-chemical species at the intracellular level.Original Publication:Muhammad Asif, Syed Usman Ali, Omer Nour, Magnus Willander, Ulrika Englund and Fredrik Elinder, Functionalized ZnO nanorod-based selective magnesium ion sensor for intracellular measurements, 2010, BIOSENSORS and BIOELECTRONICS, (26), 3, 1118-1123.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.017Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.http://www.elsevier.com
Remittances and Poverty Linkages in Pakistan: Evidence and Some Suggestions for Further Analysis
No full textGlobal remittances experienced a dramatic increase over the years, particularly since 1990 wherein the developing world emerged to be the major beneficiary accounting for 60 percent of the total amount. Because of the sheer volume, and magnitude of the remittances, and pre-eminence of these flows compared to the FDIs, development assistance and in some cases the trade related transactions, the development practitioners tended to focus and investigate the importance of remittances which are generally regarded as a dependable source for growth, improved welfare and poverty alleviation in the developing world. Given the fact that remittances flows entail wide ranging ramifications both for sending as well as receiving countries, difficult to be generalised, hence empirical evidence has been mounted though lack of consensus is visible.
Functionalised ZnO-nanorod-based selective electrochemical sensor for intracellular glucose
No full textIn this article, we report a functionalised ZnO-nanorod-based selective electrochemical sensor for intracellular glucose. To adjust the sensor for intracellular glucose measurements, we grew hexagonal ZnO nanorods on the tip of a silver-covered borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 mu m diameter) and coated them with the enzyme glucose oxidase. The enzyme-coated ZnO nanorods exhibited a glucose-dependent electrochemical potential difference versus an Ag/AgCl reference microelectrode. The potential difference was linear over the concentration range of interest (0.5-1000 mu M). The measured glucose concentration in human adipocytes or frog oocytes using our ZnO-nanorod sensor was consistent with values of glucose concentration reported in the literature; furthermore, the sensor was able to show that insulin increased the intracellular glucose concentration. This nanoelectrode device demonstrates a simple technique to measure intracellular glucose concentration.Original Publication:Muhammad Asif, Syed Usman Ali, Omer Nour, Magnus Willander, Cecilia Brännmark, Peter Strålfors, Ulrika Englund, Fredrik Elinder and Bengt Danielsson, Functionalised ZnO-nanorod-based selective electrochemical sensor for intracellular glucose, 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics, (25), 10, 2205-2211.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.02.025Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.http://www.elsevier.com
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