82 research outputs found
The effect of desiccation on the germination of some tropical tree seeds
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of desiccation on the germination behaviour of some tropical tree seeds when tested under controlled conditions following exposure to different moisture regimes. The results were used to classify the seed of the observed species into the physiological categories of recalcitrant or non-recalcitrant and to provide practical recommendations for effective storage.
Six species of tropical tree seeds, Cryptocarya triplinervis, Neolitsea caalbata, Acmena hemilampra, Podocarpus elatus, Azaarachta indica and Pittosporum rubiginosum were either forced dried at 300 C (22-28% RH), or dried slowly at 200 C (52-64% RH). The water content of the seeds was measured during drying and the percentage loss in water content and the rates of drying varied for different species.
All seeds, except for A. indica were stored for two months at room temperature (230 q and at 40 C. A. indica seeds were stored in either (i) a desiccator with silica gel as a desiccant, (ii) a jar where the seeds were sterilized on the surface or (iii) laminated - polyethylene bags placed in a freezer. The period of storage was 6 weeks and the seeds were removed periodically to assess the viability. The embryo and the female gametophyte of P. elatus seeds were measured after 7 and 14 days of incubation to determine structural changes in the seeds due to the effect of desiccation.
An investigation of the effect of the pattern of drying on subsequent seed quality of some of the species (C. triplinervis , A. indica and P. rubiginosum ) showed that the rapid drying gave better viability. On the other hand, the rapid drying method resulted in a gradual loss of viability of N. dealbata and P. elatus seeds. However, both of drying patterns did not so damage A. hemilampra seeds.
The critical seed moisture content below which seeds could not recover from desiccation were 30% for C. triplinervis, 7% for N. dealbata, 35%- 37% for P. elatus and 13 5%f or P. rubiginosum. A. hemilampra seeds remained viable at a moisture content of 29% The lowest moisture content for A. indica was not determined because the viability of seeds was reduced during the experiment.
The viability of seeds of C. triplinervis, A. hemilampra and P. elatus can be maintained after 10 weeks storage at 40 C given the maintenance of high moisture content. However, N. dealbata and P. rubiginosum seeds should be kept at 40 C because of the relatively low moisture content. Placing the seed in a desiccator gave the best result for A. indica.
C. triplinervis, P. elatus and A. indica seeds may be categorized as recalcitrant. N. dealbata and P. rubiginosum seeds should be classified as non-recalcitrant species. A. hemilampra seed cannot yet be classified because the critical moisture content is not yet known.
There were structural differences in the seed components of P. elatus during the course of germination due to desiccated either by rapid or slow drying
Tahapan Perkembangan Pembentukan Bunga dan Buah Suren (Toona Sureni Merr)
No full textTujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui perkembangan pembentukan bunga dan buah jenis suren (Toona sureni Merr), sehingga diperoleh informasi dan ditentukan waktu yang tepat saat pemberian perlakuan untuk meningkatkan produksi buah/benih serta pemanenannya. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi langsung terhadap pohon suren yang pernah berbunga dan berbuah serta pengambilan materi untuk seksio pada tegakan di lokasi sekitar Balai Penelitian Teknologi Perbenihan (BPTP) Bogor, kebun masyarakat di Cianjur, Sumedang, Solok (Sumatera Barat), Toraja (Sulawesi Selatan) dan Bedugul (Bali). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan awal pembungaan dimulai dengan pertumbuhan tunas vegetatif, kemudian membengkak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan generatif (primordia bunga). Selanjutnya muncul tunas bunga, bunga mekar (anthesis) dan akhirnya kelopak bunga jatuh. Pada tahap ini ada bunga yang gugur (aborsi) dan ada bunga yang bertahan membentuk bakal buah. Pada tahap pembuahan terlihat tanda pembesaran pada ovula (tempat dimana fertilisasi terjadi) membentuk bakal buah, kemudian terjadi perkembangan buah muda, buah masak dan keluarnya biji dari cangkang buah. Keberhasilan bunga menjadi buah cukup rendah yaitu 9,86%, sedangkan buah muda menjadi tua 65,88%. Ukuran buah (8-11) x (15-23) mm, jumlah benih per buah 19-24 biji, kadar air benih 10%-48% dan daya berkecambah > 50%. Tahap perkembangan pembungaan-pembuahan berlangsung selama 6 bulan dan terjadi dua kali dalam setahun yaitu bulan Februari dan Agustus pada pohon yang berlainan dalam satu areal tegakan suren
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika Vol. XIV No.2
No full textCryopreservation is a method of long term storage in which an extremely low temperature of nitrogen liquid (-196oC) being used to preserve seeds of recalcitrant characteristics. The study was aimed to determine the standard protocol of vitrivication in melur (Podocarpus neriifolius) seeds storing in various cryoprotectans. The use of sucrose PVS2 and DMSO as a cryoprotectan were employed to protect the regularly-desiccated seeds during preserving in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour. Evaluation was made on the viability by germinating the seeds in green house. Randomized completely design of 3 factors was used in this study. The results revealed that seed moisture content was 53% after being desiccated using vaccuum-desicator for 24 hours and showed more than 85% of germination, in average. Vitrivicated seeds in DMSO for 2 hours performed 66.67% germination. Meanwhile, seeds in sucrose and PVS2 for 1 hour reached of 53.33% and 25.33% of germination, respectively. Preservation in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour did not succeed to keep any treated seeds as there was no germination found during viability testing
Metode Perlakuan Pendahuluan untuk Penyimpanan Benih Melur pada Suhu Sangat Rendah (Pretreatment Method of Melur Seeds Storing at Extreme Low Temperature)
No full textCryopreservation is a method of long term storage in which an extremely low temperature of nitrogen liquid (-196 oC) being used to preserve seeds of recalcitrant characteristics. The study was aimed to determine the standard protocol of vitrivication in melur (Podocarpus neriifolius) seeds storing in various cryoprotectans. The use of sucrose PVS2 and DMSO as a cryoprotectan were employed to protect the regularly-desiccated seeds during preserving in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour. Evaluation was made on the viability by germinating the seeds in green house. Randomized completely design of 3 factors was used in this study. The results revealed that seed moisture content was 53% after being desiccated using vaccuum-desicator for 24 hours and showed more than 85% of germination, in average. Vitrivicated seeds in DMSO for 2 hours performed 66.67% germination. Meanwhile, seeds in sucrose and PVS2 for 1 hour reached of 53.33% and 25.33% of germination, respectively. Preservation in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour did not succeed to keep any treated seeds as there was no germination found during viability testing
TEKNIK PENYIMPANAN SEMAI KAYU BAWANG ( Dysoxylum moliscimum ) MELALUI PEMBERIAN ZAT PENGHAMBAT TUMBUH DAN PENGATURAN NAUNGAN
No full textPENENTUAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGIS BENIH KRANJI (BERDASARKAN NILAI KADAR AIR Pongamia pinnata)
No full textThe Change of Fat, Protein, Starch Contens and Electric Conductivity within Gaharu (Aquillaria malaccensis) Seeds
No full textOne of the symptomps of seed ageing is broad changes of biochemical content within seeds which is causing the decrease of decrease viability, eventually. The aim of the study was to determine the change of Aquillaria malaccensis seeds biochemically during storage and desiccating. There were two trial in this study: 1) decreasing seed moisture content by desiccations for 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours and 2) storing the seeds conventionally in two different condtions of storage (ambient room and air conditioner room). Since the moisture content of fresh seed on acceptance was low (15,9%) due to the delaying during transportation, reducing moisture content of the seed brought about the decrease of germination capacity down to zero. The content of protein, fat and starch of the seeds during desiccation and storage were mostly changes which were indicating the deterioration of the seeds. The content of fat of fresh seeds was high (46,2%) and tended to remain high during desiccating. Meanwhile, the content of protein tended to increase and starch was decreased following desiccation. The content of fat and protein tended to increase and starch was decreased following desiccation. the content of fat and protein during storage weree reduced, while starch was increased for 8 weeks and then went down for the rest of storage. The electricconductivity within the seeds in both treatments (desiccation and storage) was increased which were indicating the leakage of membrane cells occured . Based on biochemical content changes, seed of Aquillaria malaccensiscould be categorized as recalcitrant type. However, to make the results more accurate it should be proved specifically by testing the physiological of seeds, simultaneously.Keywords : Aquillaria malaccensis, desiccations, fat, moisture content, protein
The Influence of Storage Media, Storage Room, and Time of Storage on Propagules Viability of Rhizophora stylosa Griff
No full textIndonesia as an archipelagic country has a coastline and partly overgrown with mangrove forest which is the dominant type of coastal areas. However, at present the mangrove forests have been degraded which causes a decrease in forest potency. The effort that can be done to improve the return potential of these mangrove forests is by rehabilitation of mangrove forest. Rhizophora sp., including the type of Rhizophora stylosa Griff., is a pioneer tree species in the mangrove forest which has an important meaning in the mangrove forest etablishment. The main problem of this type of R. Stylosa that is the seed classified into the recalcitrant ones. Therefore, the technique of seed storage is a very important activity to be developed for supporting the success of mangrove rehabilitation activities that have been degraded. The purpose of this study is to discover the influence of storage media, storage room, and time of storage on the propagule viability of R. stylosa, and to compare the R. stylosa propagule germination potential between cutting test and directly propagule germination test results. The research was conducted at the greenhouse and Silviculture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry IPB and Seed Technology Research Institute Laboratory (BPTP), Bogor
Penentuan Karakteristik Fisiologis Benih Kranji (Berdasarkan Nilai Kadar Air Pongamia Pinnata)
No full textKranji (Pongamia pinnata) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman yang berperan dalam menyediakan dua sumber energi yaitu biomassa kayu untuk kayu bakar dan biji mengandung minyak nabati yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter fisiologis dan biokimia setelah terjadinya penurunan kadar air dalam rangka penyediaan bahan tanaman dan bahan baku biodiesel. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian kadar air benih awal adalah pengeringan dengan oven pada suhu 1030C ± 20C selama 24 jam. Perlakuan penurunan kadar air benih dilakukan dengan metode penyimpanan dalam inkubator untuk P1 = 0 jam (kontrol); P2 = 24 jam; P3 = 48 jam dan P4 = 72 jam. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, daya kecambah, kandungan biokimia benih (protein, pati dan Daya Hantar Listrik/DHL) serta rendemen minyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan yang tepat untuk bibit kranji adalah 48 jam. Perlakuan ini menghasilkan benih dengan kadar air 46,39%, protein 14,84%, pati 15,01% dan DHL 815 millimho dan daya kecambah 92%. Perubahan biokimia benih kranji selama penurunan kadar air memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan protein dan daya hantar listrik seiring dengan lamanya pengeringan serta penurunan kandungan lemak dan kandungan pati. Berdasarkan Perubahan fisiologis dan biokimia yang terjadi, benih kranji memiliki kecenderungan bersifat rekalsitran. Kadar air benih untuk bibit tanaman adalah 48,6% sedangkan untuk produksi biodiesel 51,37% dengan rendemen 11,47%. Kandungan minyak terus menurun selama penurunan kadar air
PENGARUH PENURUNAN KADAR AIR TERHADAP PERUBAHAN FISIOLOGI DAN KAND UNGAN BIOKIMIA BENIH EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.)
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