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Pemanfaatan Hidrolisat Lignoselulosa sebagai Bioherbisida untuk Pengendalian Gulma pada Padi Sawah dan Kelapa Sawit
No full textPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi hidrolisat lignoselulosa sebagai bioherbisida dalam mengendalikan gulma pada padi sawah dan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Green House Cikabayan dan Laboratorium Ecotoxicology Waste and Bioagent, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat pada bulan Juni 2013 sampai Juli 2014. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 percobaan. Percobaan pertama disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor dengan 6 perlakuan. Perlakuan yang digunakan: kontrol (air), hidrolisat jerami padi 200 g l-1, hidrolisat sekam padi 133 g l-1 + gas SO2, hidrolisat sekam padi 150 g l-1, hidrolisat cangkang sawit 133 g l-1 + gas SO2, dan hidrolisat bagase tebu 200 g l-1. Perlakuan diujikan ke gulma tanaman padi sawah pada 3 fase yaitu fase preemergence dengan 4 ulangan, sedangkan early post emergence dan post emergence dengan 3 ulangan. Pengujian juga dilakukan terhadap padi varietas Ciherang pada fase preemergence dan early post emergence dengan 3 ulangan. Percobaan kedua juga disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor dengan 6 perlakuan. Perlakuan yang digunakan: kontrol (air), hidrolisat gambut saprik 100 g l-1 + gas SO2, hidrolisat tongkol jagung 100 g l-1 + gas SO2, hidrolisat cangkang sawit 171 g l-1, hidrolisat sekam padi 200 g l-1 dan hidrolisat serbuk kayu 200 g l-1. Perlakuan diujikan ke gulma tanaman kelapa sawit pada 3 fase yaitu: fase preemergence dengan 4 ulangan, early post emergence dan post emergence dengan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati pada fase preemergence adalah jumlah total gulma yang berkecambah, persen penekanan, dan jumlah spesies gulma yang berkecambah. Peubah yang diamati pada fase early post emergence adalah tinggi gulma, daun normal, daun rusak, dan persen kerusakan. Peubah yang diamati pada fase post emergence adalah tinggi gulma, daun normal, daun rusak, kerusakan visual, bobot kering dan persen penekanan. Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan hidrolisat lignoselulosa berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida preemergence yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya penghambatan perkecambahan individu gulma total dan tingginya persen penekanan perkecambahan gulma. Hidrolisat bagase tebu 200 g l-1 menunjukkan persen penekanan tertinggi sebesar 70% pada 1 minggu setelah aplikasi (msa) terhadap perkecambahan gulma Fimbristylis miliacea (L) Vahl., sedangkan hidrolisat sekam padi 150 g l-1 pada 2 dan 3 msa menunjukkan persen penekanan sebesar 44% dan 31% terhadap perkecambahan gulma total. Hidrolisat sekam padi 133 g l-1 + gas SO2 mempunyai kemampuan penekanan perkecambahan gulma total yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan hidrolisat lain namun memberikan pengaruh penekanan perkecambahan terkecil pada benih padi var. Ciherang fase preemergence. Semua perlakuan hidrolisat lignoselulosa juga berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida fase early post emergence. Hidrolisat jerami padi 200 g l-1 menimbulkan kerusakan daun gulma F. miliacea 21%, Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven 100%, dan Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees 50%, sedangkan hidrolisat sekam padi 150 g l-1 menimbulkan kerusakan daun gulma Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv 70%. Semua perlakuan hidrolisat lignoselulosa tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bibit padi var. Ciherang fase early post emergence. Perlakuan hidrolisat lignoselulosa juga berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida post emergence terhadap gulma F. miliacea, L. octovalvis dan L. chinensis berdasarkan kerusakan pada daun gulma dan skor kerusakan namun tidak mempengaruhi bobot kering gulma. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan menyerupai kerusakan akibat herbisida kontak yang ditandai dengan gejala kelayuan dan bercak terbakar pada daun dalam waktu yang cepat setelah aplikasi. Hasil percobaan kedua menunjukkan hidrolisat tongkol jagung 100 g l-1 + gas SO2, hidrolisat cangkang sawit 171 g l-1, hidrolisat sekam padi 200 g l-1 dan hidrolisat serbuk kayu 200 g l-1 berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida preemergence dengan menghambat perkecambahan gulma Axonopus compressus, Paspalum conjugatum dan Borreria alata kecuali hidrolisat gambut saprik 100 g l-1 + gas SO2. Hidrolisat tongkol jagung 100 g l-1 + gas SO2 memperlihatkan persen penekanan tertinggi dari perlakuan yang lain pada minggu pertama 78%, minggu kedua 47% dan minggu ketiga 44% setelah aplikasi. Perlakuan hidrolisat lignoselulosa juga berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida fase early post emergence berdasarkan peubah tinggi gulma, daun rusak dan persen kerusakan pada gulma A. compressus, Eleusine indica, Cyperus kyllingia dan B. alata kecuali perlakuan hidrolisat gambut saprik 100 g l-1 + gas SO2. Hidrolisat tongkol jagung 100 g l-1 + gas SO2 memperlihatkan persen kerusakan tertinggi untuk gulma A. compressus 98% dan E. indica 100%. Hidrolisat sekam padi 200 g l-1 menyebabkan kerusakan tertinggi pada gulma C. kyllingia 81% dan hidrolisat serbuk kayu 200 g l-1 menyebabkan kerusakan tertinggi terhadap gulma B. alata 100%. Perlakuan hidrolisat lignoselulosa berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida post emergence berdasarkan kerusakan pada daun gulma dan skor kerusakan pada gulma A. compressus, C. kyllingia, A. intrusa dan B. alata. Hidrolisat gambut saprik 100 g l-1 + gas SO2 tidak berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida terhadap gulma A. compressus, A. intrusa dan B. alata. Semua perlakuan hidrolisat lignoselulosa tidak berpengaruh terhadap bobot kering gulma uji. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan menyerupai kerusakan akibat herbisida kontak
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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