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Problematika Tafsir Sosial Dawam Rahardjo: Kritik Atas Etika dan Metodologi Penafsiran al-Qur`an
Full text linkThe development of Qur'anic studies in Indonesia, especially in the 90s, experienced significant growth. It was marked by the emergence of various methodological offers from those who not only specialize as mufassirs, but also from non-mufassir scholars. Dawam Rahardjo with his new idea of “social thematic interpretation” (al-Mauḍū’īyyah al-Ijtimā’iyyah) is one of the non-interpretive scholars who have colored the dialectic of Qur`anic interpretation. His thematic methodology based on the analysis of key terms has become an object of discourse that continues to be debated until now. The research in this article is one of the critical studies that tries to fill the discourse. Methodologically, this research is a qualitative research that is operationalized in two approaches: First, the historical approach is used to analyze the originality of the development of Dawam Rahardjo’s tafsir thought. Second, through a critical approach from the perspective of ‘ulūm al-Qur`ān, the author rethinks and critically reads Dawam Rahadjo's interpretation methodology, both in terms of novelty, excellence and weakness. The results of this study show that Dawam Rahardjo’s thematic interpretation methodology has no fundamental differences with thematic methods in general, although some aspects such as “historical interpretation” and “paradigmatic interpretation” are distinctive. However, Dawam has some weaknesses. In terms of the ethics of interpretation, he tends to be apathetic towards the “formal requirements” agreed upon by the majority of scholars, thus often ignoring the basic principles in interpretation. While in terms of methodology, his ideas are still discursive discourse, immature, so it is not uncommon when interpreting, his ideas are not in line with the theory he developed, even some aspects of his views seem distorted, especially his description of the genealogy of thematic interpretation (mauḍū’ī).Perkembangan kajian al-Qur`an di Indonesia khususnya di era tahun 90-an mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Hal itu ditandai oleh munculnya beragam tawaran metodologis dari kalangan yang bukan hanya berspesialisasi sebagai mufassir, tetapi juga dari kalangan sarjana non-tafsir. Dawam Rahardjo dengan gagasan baru yang disebutnya sebagai “tafsir tematik sosial” (al-Mauḍū’īyyah al-Ijtimā’iyyah) adalah satu di antara sarjana non-tafsir yang ikut mewarnai dialektika penafsiran al-Qur`an. Tawaran metodologi tematik berbasis analysis of key terms-nya menjadi objek diskursus yang terus diperdebatkan hingga sekarang. Penelitian dalam artikel ini merupakan salah satu kajian kritis yang mencoba mengisi diskursus tersebut. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dioperasionalkan dalam dua pendekatan: Pertama, pendekatan historis (kesejarahan) yang digunakan untuk menganalisis orisinalitas perkembangan (development) pemikiran tafsir Dawam Rahardjo. Kedua, melalui pendekatan kritis dari perspektif ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān, penulis melakukan rethinking dan pembacaan kritis terhadap metodologi penafsiran Dawam Rahadjo, baik dari segi kebaruan, keunggulan maupun kelemahannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, tawaran metodologi tafsir tematik Dawam Rahardjo tidak memiliki perbedaan yang mendasar dengan metode tematik pada umumnya, meskipun beberapa aspek seperti “tafsir historis” dan “tafsir paradigmatis” menjadi kekhasan tersendiri. Akan tetapi, Dawam memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Dari sisi etika tafsir, dia cenderung apatis terhadap “persyaratan formal” yang disepakati mayoritas ulama, sehingga kerapkali mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip dasar di dalam penafsiran. Sementara dari sisi metodologis, gagasannya masih bersifat wacana yang diskursif, belum matang, sehingga tidak jarang ketika menafsirkan, gagasan-gagasannya tidak sejalan dengan toeri yang dikembangkannya, bahkan beberapa aspek pandangannya terkesan distorsif terutama uraiannya tentang genealogi tafsir tematik (mauḍū’ī)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
THE MYTH OF ‘ABŪ LAHAB’ IN Q.S. AL-MASAD [111]: 1: ANALYSIS OF ROLAND BARTHES’ SEMIOTIC THEORY
Full text linkThe Qur’anic story of “Abū Lahab” is often misunderstood by some who assume that the story is factual-exclusive. This article is designed to examine how the concept of Abū Lahab is understood in Qur’anic terms, and how it is embodied in today’s context. This research uses a library research method with a descriptive-analytical pattern, through Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach as a theoretical basis. Barthes argues that the language system can be understood through two steps of semiotic reading, the first is what he calls the linguistic system (language-object), and the second is the mythical system (metalanguage). To arrive at the mythical system, it is necessary to extract meaning through the signifier system, which consists of three elements: the signifier element, the signified element, and the sign element in the second layer of the semiotic system. Through Roland Barthes’ semiotic reading, the concept of Abū Lahab that is understood to be exclusively addressed to ‘Abd al-‘Uzzā is a myth. Abū Lahab is not a personal name, but a general and universal title. ‘Abd al-‘Uzzā is only one historical representation of the figure of Abū Lahab. From Barthes’ semiotics, Abū Lahab is more accurately understood as ‘anyone who opposes the truth and is intolerant (radical) towards other groups, not hesitating to carry out offensive resistance to them if it is not in line with their personal or group ideology or political interests’. Thus, in the modern context, anyone can potentially become “Abū Lahab” as the khiṭab of Q.S. Al-Masad if they share these characteristics
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Konsep Kenabian dan Wahyu dalam Al-Qur’an: Kajian Teologis QS. An-Nisāʾ [4]: 136
Full text linkProphethood and revelation are the two main pillars (asās al-ūla) in the texture of Islamic theology. Prophethood has an ideal role as an intermediary for al-Ḥaq to al-Khalq, while \u27revelation\u27 as a corpus of God becomes the legality of a prophethood (nubuwwah). This paper describes the theological study of prophethood and revelation in QS. an-Nisā\u27 [4]:136 using thematic analysis upon the qur\u27an and its interpretation. The results of this study is the description of notion of prophethood and revelation in an inclusive manner (QS. Ghāfir [40] 78) in the Qur\u27an. Additionally, the dicta of faith towards both, at least 25 figures and four books and the two temperatures, have an urgent accentuation for individual Muslims, so that the denial of all or part of the details can have implications for the theological foundation power of a Muslim in religion. In addition, this study also elaborates the criteria that can be used as legitimacy of the truth of a prophet\u27s nubuwwah, among others; first, the existence of \u27revelation\u27 (philosophical sacrality); second, a \u27miracle\u27 (superiority); Third, carrying out \u27shari\u27ah\u27 (constructivity of humanity).Kenabian dan wahyu merupakan dua pilar utama (asās al-ūla) dalam tekstur teologi Islam. Kenabian memiliki peranan ideal sebagai perantara al-Ḥaq kepada al-Khalq, sementara ‘wahyu’ sebagai korpus Tuhan menjadi legalitas atas suatu kenabian (nubuwwah). Tulisan ini menguraikan kajian teologis tentang kenabian dan wahyu dalam QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 136 dengan menggunakan analisis tematik ayat dan interpretasi teks al-Qur’an. Hasil kajian ini mendeskripsikan pengertian kenabian dan wahyu secara inklusif (QS. Ghāfir [40] 78) dalam al-Qur’an. Kemudian, dikte perintah beriman terhadap keduanya, sekurang-kurangnya terhadap 25 tokoh dan empat kitab beserta dua suhuf itu, memiliki aksentuasi yang urgen bagi individual umat Islam, sehingga pengingkaran terhadap semua atau sebagian rinciannya dapat berimplikasi pada daya pondasi teologis seorang muslim dalam beragama. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mengelaborasi kriteria-kriteria yang dapat dijadikan legitimasi kebenaran nubuwwah seorang nabi, di antaranya; pertama, adanya ‘wahyu’ (sakralitas filosofis); kedua, diberikan ‘mukjizat’ (superioritas); ketiga, mengemban ‘syari’at’ (konstruktivitas kemanusiaan)
THE MEANING OF ṢALĀT IN AL-QUR'AN: Semantic Analysis of Toshihiko Izutsu
Full text linkAbstract
This article discusses the meaning of ṣalāt in the Qur'an. So far, the word of ṣalāt has only been interpreted in terms of ritual worship alone. In reality, the meaning of ṣalāt in the Al-Qur'an has many meanings. To reveal this variant of meaning, the semantic theory of Toshihiko Izutsu was used in the concept of weltanschauunglehrer and elaborated with literature study-based research which made the Al-Qur'an as the primary material and the commentaries as secondary material. After going through several stages of research, the word ṣalāt in the Al-Quran has several equivalent meanings, such as the words al-dzikr, al-istighfar, al-sujud, and al-Qur'ān. Meanwhile, the antonym of the ṣalāt is sāhûn and mujrimûn.Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas tentang pengertian ṣalāt dalam Al-Qur'an. Selama ini kata ṣalāt hanya diartikan dalam istilah ibadah ritual saja. Padahal, makna ṣalāt dalam Al-Qur'an memiliki banyak arti. Untuk mengungkap varian makna tersebut, digunakan teori semantik Toshihiko Izutsu dalam konsep weltanschauunglehrer dan dielaborasi dengan penelitian berbasis studi pustaka yang menjadikan Al-Qur'an sebagai bahan primer dan tafsir sebagai bahan sekunder. Setelah melalui beberapa tahapan penelitian, kata ṣalāt dalam Al-Quran memiliki beberapa padanan makna, seperti kata al-dzikr, al-istighfar, al-sujud, dan al-Qur'ān. Sedangkan antonim dari ṣalāt adalah sāhûn dan mujrimûn
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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