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Perencanaan Pondasi Tiang Pancang Dengan Memperhitungkan Pengaruh Likuifaksi Pada Proyek Pembangungan Hotel Di Lombok
Get PDFIndonesia merupakan kawasan rawan gempa. Hal
tersebut dapat dilihat dari kondisi letak geografis Indonesia,
bahwa Indonesia merupakan tempat bertemunya 4 lempeng dunia
yaitu, lempeng Indo-Australia, lempeng Eurasia, lempeng
Filipina dan lempeng Pasific. Bukti lainnya adalah banyaknya
jumlah gunung berapi yang aktif di Indonesia. Jika mendesain
sebuah bangunan pada lokasi tanah yang dominan pasir, maka
salah satu bahaya yang dihadapi adalah likuifaksi. Likuifaksi
adalah suatu kondisi berubahnya perilaku tanah dari padat
menjadi cair akibat adanya getaran atau beban sklik. Salah satu
penyebab dapat terjadinya likuifaksi adalah gempa. Maka jika
mendesain bangunan yang berada pada kondisi tanah pasir serta
daerah gempa tinggi, harus dilakukan analisa zona likuifaksi.
Saat ini terdapat sebuah proyek pembangunan hotel di
Pantai Malimbu, Lombok. Proyek tersebut berada di tanah
dominan pasir dan juga termasuk daerah dengan resiko gempa
tinggi. Pada perencanaan yang telah dilakukan, pihak perencana
tidak melakukan analisa terhadap zona likuifaksi dan
pengurangan daya dukung pondasi tiang pancang akibat dari
likuifaksi. Untuk menangggulangi adanya bahaya akibat
v
likuifaksi, hanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan angka
keamanan (safety factor) = 5.
Pada tugas akhir ini akan dilakukan perencanaan
pondasi tiang pancang dengan membandingkan kondisi likuifaksi
dan kondisi tidak likuifaksi. Perencanaan pondasi dilakukan
terhadap 4 kondisi. Kondisi 1 adalah kondisi eksisting proyek,
dimana tidak meninjau terhadap kemungkinan likuifaksi,
meninjau beban gempa, dan safety factor = 5. Kondisi 2 adalah
kondisi dimana meninjau kemungkinan likufaksi dan penggunaan
safety factor = 1.5. Kondisi 3 adalah kondisi tidak meninjau
adanya kemungkinan likuifaksi, meninjau beban gempa dan
safety factor = 2. Kondisi 4 adalah kondisi tidak meninjau
kemungkinan likuifaksi, tidak meninjau beban gempa dan safety
factor = 3. Struktur bangunan atas akan di modelkan dengan
program bantu SAP 2000. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui reaksi
pada dasar bangunan. Permodelan struktur bangunan atas terdri
atas 2 jenis, yaitu permodelan pada kondisi likuifaksi dan tidak
likuifaksi.
Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan maka
didapatkan jumlah kebutuhan pondasi tiang pancang untuk
masing-masing kondisi.Kondisi 1 menggunakan PC spun pile
diameter 1000 mm sejumlah 192 buah. Kondisi 2 menggunakan
bored pile diameter 800 mm sejumlah 192 buah. Kondisi 3 dan
kondisi 4 menggunakan PC spun pile diameter 600 mm sejumlah
192 buah dan 256 buah untuk masing-masingnya.
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Indonesia is located at earthquake-prone area. It can be
seen from the geographical condition of Indonesia, that Indonesia
has been formed from intersection between 4 tectonic plates.
There are Indo-Australia plate, Eurasia plate, Filipina plate, and
Pasific plate. When the building designed on sandy soil
dominated area, there is a risk for liquefaction. Liquefaction is a
condition canging of soil behavior from solid into liquid because
of vibration or cyclic loading. Earthquake may cause the
liquefaction. Therefore, when designing a building that located
on sandy soil and high risk earthquake area, it has to be done
with liquefaction zone analysis.
Currently, a hotel construction project is being
undertaken in Malimbu beach, Lombok. The project located on
sandy soil with high risk earthquake. It has observed from
existing design, that consultant have not undertaken analysis in
regards to liquefaction zone, as well as the decrease of soil
bearing capacity due to liquefaction. For resolving the risk of
liquefaction, it had been used safety factor = 5.
In this final project, pile foundation will be designed in
order to compare between liquefaction condition and non
liquefaction condition. The foundation will be design with 4
conditions. The first is non liquefaction condition, considering
earthquake loading, and safety factor = 5. The second is
vii
vii
liquefaction condition, considering earthquake loading, safety
factor = 1.5. The third is non liquefaction condition, considering
earthquake loading, safety factor = 2. The fourth condition is non
liquefaction condition, not considering earthquake loading, safety
factor = 3. The upperstructure will be designed using SAP 2000.
It aims to discover the joints reaction. The modeling of
upperstucture consist of 2 type, that is liquefaction modeling and
non liquefaction modeling.
From the calculation result, it obtained the amount of
foundation needs for each condition design. Condition 1, using
600 mm diameter of PC spun pile for 192 pieces. Condition 2,
using 800 mm diameter of bored pile for 192 pieces. Condition 3
and condition 4 using 600 mm diameter of PC spun pile, 192
pieces for condition 3 and 256 pieces for condition 4
Retrofit Mesin Bubut dengan Pengontrolan Gerak Makan berdasarkan Nilai Percepatan dan Gaya Potong
Get PDFMesin bubut memiliki peran penting dalam manufaktur untuk menghasilkan komponen dengan presisi tinggi. Kecepatan potong dan gerak makan (feedrate) menentukan kualitas serta efisiensi dalam proses. Retrofit dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja, efisiensi, atau memperpanjang umur layanan mesin. Proses ini melibatkan penambahan atau peningkatan sistem, komponen, maupun teknologi baru.
Tugas akhir ini bertujuan melakukan retrofit pada mesin bubut dengan mengintegrasikan sensor accelerometer dan loadcell. Sensor tersebut dipasang pada mata pahat sebagai bagian dari sistem pengendalian gerak makan. Penelitian mencakup perancangan, pemasangan, dan kalibrasi sensor. Sensor accelerometer mengukur percepatan, sedangkan sensor loadcell mengukur gaya pemotongan. Data sensor diolah menggunakan National Instrument USB-6212 sebagai perangkat akuisisi data dan Arduino Mega sebagai pengontrol gerak makan adaptif berbasis fuzzy logic.
Eksperimen dilakukan pada mesin bubut BL-180 dengan sensor accelerometer pada mata pahat untuk mengukur percepatan. Sensor loadcell digunakan untuk mengukur gaya pemotongan. Data sensor menjadi masukan untuk mengatur feedrate secara adaptif berdasarkan kondisi operasional, seperti kedalaman potongan dan kualitas permukaan diinginkan. Sistem mengatur feedrate dengan fuzzy logic untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas pemotongan pada benda kerja komposit berbahan resin dan serat kaca.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem retrofit bekerja dengan baik menggunakan dua mikrokontroler dengan fungsi berbeda. Mikrokontroler National Instrument USB-6212 melakukan akuisisi data real-time dari sensor loadcell dan accelerometer 356B21. Mikrokontroler Arduino Mega mengontrol gerak makan berdasarkan data dari sensor loadcell dan accelerometer MPU6050
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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