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Extraction of Pectin Powders from Guava and Apple And their Applications in Jam Making Processes
Full text linkThis research presents the extraction of pectin in powder from guava and apple which are
abundantly available in Myanmar.Pectin can be used as thickenerin soups, sauces and
puddings, as stabilizer in ice cream, margarine, dairy products, salad dressings and mayonnaise
and as gelling agent in jellies, jams, desserts, yogurts and candies. It can also be used in
nutritional and health products, pharmaceutical and medical applications.Pectin was produced
with emphasis on apple pomace and guava by boiling with 0.1% citric acid solution and then
precipitated with ethanol.In the extraction of pectin, it was found that suitable conditions of
extraction time and temperature were (30) minutes and (100) °C. The resulted paste was dried
in Hot Air Oven at 70°C and then the dried pectin was powdered by grinding. It was found that
suitable conditions of drying time for guava and apple were (150) minutes and (120) minutes
respectively. After the extracted powdered pectin had been analyzed, prepared apple pectin
powder was utilized in strawberry jam making and that of guava was used in orange
marmalade making process. The prepared samples were also analyzed.The suitable amount of
pectin used in jam making processes were (3.3) g of apple pectin powder for strawberry jam
and (0.1) g of guava pectin powder for orange marmalade, respectively
Extraction of Pectin in Liquid and Powder Froms from Pomelo and its Applications in Food Industries
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to extract pectin in both liquid and powder forms from pomelo which is abundantly available in Myanmar. Traditionally, pectin is primarily used in the production of jams and fruit jellies. Nowadays, both liquid and powder forms of pectins are widely used in fruit applications (jams, jellies and desserts), bakery fillings and toppings, dairy applications (acidified milk and protein drinks, and yoghurt), confectionery, beverages, nutritional and health products, pharmaceutical and medical applications. Some manufacturers use their own liquid pectin. Apple pomace and citrus peel are the raw materials traditionally used for industrial extraction of pectin. Pomelo rinds that are used as raw materials in pectin extraction can be obtained cheaply and it can be used in many food applications. In the present work, pectin was produced with emphasis on wastes of albedos of pomelo. After the extracted liquid and powder pectin had been analyzed, they were used in food processing. The optimum concentration of pectin was found out by varying different amount of pectin in food making processes. The prepared pomelo liquid pectin was utilized in jelly making and powder form was used in milk fruit drinks (directly acidified) (strawberry, durian and orange). The prepared samples were also again analyzed. In extraction of pectin in powder form, it is found that the most suitable condition of extraction time and temperature was (30) min and 100ºC.In the extraction of both liquid and powder pectin, the most suitable concentration of citric acid solution was 0.1%. The most suitable conditions for pomelo jelly were (65) g of sugar, (100) ml of liquid pectin and (0.3) g of citric acid. Also, the most suitable conditions for milk fruit drinks (directly acidified) were (6) ml juice, (1.8) g pectin, (40) g sugar and (2) g citric acid and (25) g of milk powder respectively
Evaluation on the Quality of Freeze-Dried Vegetable Juice Products
Full text linkCommercialization of dried vegetables has gained importance worldly due to the search of consumers for practicability and products of great nutritional value. The application of the freeze-drying technique in vegetables conservation is the key to their success for commercialization. Freeze-drying is a technique that preserves the flavor, color and nutrients in the final product.
The emphasis of this research was the dehydration of tomato and carrot juices in powder forms by freeze drying method (-50ºC, between 0.1 to 2.0 torr) in order to maintain the prolonged shelf-life. The phytochemical investigations (such as alkaloids, tannins, protein, phenol, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugar, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds) and physico-chemical characteristics (such as moisture, total fibre, ash, protein, vitamin C, total soluble solid and pH)of freeze-dried products were determined for the assessment of their quality. It was found that some physico- chemical characteristics of freeze products were lower than that of literature values except pH, ash and protein content. The UVspectrum of carotenoids in raw tomato and freeze-dried tomato juice powder exhibit very high distinctive coefficients between 400 and 600 nm. Similarly, UV spectrum of carotenoids in raw carrot and freeze-dried carrot juice powder were scanned from 400 to 600 nm. These were in good agreement with the standard wavelength of α-carotene (428,451,480nm) and that of -carotene is 448 nm. The aim of this research is to produce value added products of tropical vegetables by advanced technology
Preliminary studies on the effectiveness of combined treatment on alleviating contaminants of wastewaters from food prcessing plants effluent
Full text linkIn the present research work, attempts were made to treat wastewater from food processing plant; Mohinga Plant by primary (sedimentation) and secondary (coagulation) treatments and Soy-Milk Plant by primary (sedimentation), secondary (coagulation) and biological treatments (aeration). Preliminary studies would be based on the standard wastewater treatment practice - primary (sedimentation), secondary (coagulation) and biological treatments were used singly or as a combined system. The effectiveness of individual or combined treatment systems were measured in terms of physical parameters (turbidity, color, suspended solids) and chemical parameters (pH, total solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand).In the treatment of wastewaters, alum was used as coagulant and most sediment were removed by the settling column. It was found that suspended solids was gradually reduced by sedimentation, (79.23) % for Mohinga Plant and (92.12) % for Soy-Milk Plant. The sedimentation also moderately removed the odor and color of Soy-Milk Plant Effluent, whereas for Mohinga Plant Effluent, removal of odor and color was not observed. In secondary treatment (coagulation), the most effective coagulant dosage were (80) mg/l for Mohinga Plant and (60) mg/l for Soy-Milk Plant. For Mohinga Plant, removal efficiencies were (24.55)% for total solid (TS), (95.61)% for suspended solid (SS) and (43.75)% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) whereas for Soy-Milk Plant, removal efficiencies were (35.6)% for total solid (TS), (99.69)% for suspended solid (SS) and (46.67)% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) . Biological treatment (aeration) was conducted for Soy-Milk Plant Effluent sample. It was also found that an aeration time of 2 days was most effective for reduction of BOD (97.04) % and COD (96.28) % for Soy-Milk Plant Effluent. Aeration time of 3 days was most effective for turbidity, color and suspended solid removal percentage and they were (98.98) %, (98.82) % and (99.35) % for Soy-Milk Plant Effluent.
Introductio
Source Area and Provenance Study of the Khabo Formation in Magyigan-Pindale Area, Mahlaing and Wundwin Townships, Mandalay Region
Full text linkThe Magyigan-Pindale area is located in the Mahlaing-Wundwin Townships, Mandalay Region. It is bounded by North Latitudes 21°02′ to 21°10′ and East Longitudes 95°46′ to 95°53′. The total area coverage is about 56 square miles (156.16 km2 ). The study area is composed of the Miocene clastic sedimentary rocks. In this area, Moza Formation (Middle Miocene), Khabo Formation (Middle Miocene) and Irrawaddy Formation (Late Miocene to Pliocene) are found. The Khabo Formation underlies the Moza Formation and overlies the Irrawaddy Formation by an unconformity. The Khabo Formation are sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, shale, clay and intraformational conglomerates. The sandstones are more dominant than other. Suitable sandstone samples were three dimensionally cut into thin sections and studied under a polarizing microscope. According to the microscopic studies; quartz is more predominating mineral, both monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz grains are noted. The monocrystalline quartz grains are more common than polycrystalline quartz grains. The feldspar such as the orthoclase, plagioclase, microcline and perthite feldspar are found. Calcium-rich feldspar is more common than sodium-rich feldspar. Various types of lithic fragments such as sedimentary rock fragments, volcanic rock fragments and metamorphic rock fragments are occurred. The Khabo Formation of sandstone may be termed as “Arkose” and “Lithic arkose”, according to the sandstone classification of Pettijohn et al. (1987). According to Dickinson of the QFL diagram, the Khabo Formation fall in the recycled orogenic provenance
Petrography and Provenance Study of the Moza Formation in Myindwin Shwebawgyun Area, Mahlaing and Wundwin Townships, Mandalay Region
Full text linkThe research area is situated in Mahlaing and Wundwin Townships of Meiktila District, Mandalay Region. This area lies in the Central Cenozoic Belt of Myanmar. It is low-land area and the rock units are trending in a north-south direction. It is bounded by Sagaing Fault to the east. The Moza Formation (Middle Miocene) is underlying the Khabo Formation (Middle Miocene) and the Khabo Formation also underlying the Irrawaddy Formation (Late Miocene to Pliocene). The Moza Formation is mainly composed of the alternating sequences of sandstone, shale, mudstone and clay. Petrographic studies of sandstone, the composition of detrital grains are microcrystalline quartz, feldspars, bifurcated biotite flakes and various compositions of rock fragments. On the basis of the petrofabric and mineralogical studies of sandstones of the Moza Formation is classified as Subarkose and Sublithicarenite. The overall assemblages of petrographic studies point out that the sandstones of the Moza Formation are considered to be derived from a mixed provenance comprising of sedimentary rocks, low- to high-grade metamorphic rocks and plutonic igneous source. Triangular plot of Moza Formation indicated that those sandstones are falling in the field of recycled orogeny
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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