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The Politics Of Naive Integrationism: Community Integration For Disabled People And The Promises Of Olmstead
Get PDFAre disabled people “better off” in segregated or integrated settings? This question serves as a source of frequent tension between non-disabled academics and disability rights activists, the former often arguing for segregated service provision and the latter championing integration. This project argues that this supposed choice is a false dichotomy—it is a choice between fully supportive segregated services and what I call “naïve integration.” Naïve integration is a governmental policy posture that presumptively integrates disabled people while simultaneously failing to provide the community supports and accessibility features necessary to allow them to thrive. The reason integration is perceived as a policy failure is that the federal government, as well as state and municipal governments, all too frequently integrate disabled people in a naïve manner. I argue for a radical reimagination of what it means to integrate disabled people into their communities. Utilizing insights from political science, sociology, public policy, and law, I suggest that naïve integration may be overcome through a strategy of creative litigation and systemic policy changes inspired by Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act’s Olmstead mandate. I explore how the fields of housing, education, and employment could be impacted by a more robust understanding of Olmstead’s presumption toward service provision in community-based settings
The Structural Harms of Providing Mental Health Services Through the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act
Get PDFMany have proclaimed that the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act is the most sweeping gun control legislation to be passed in decades. However, the bill is not primarily a gun control bill—instead, much of the Act seeks to improve mental health services in hopes of preventing gun violence. Such a move is not rooted in established evidence, which finds little predictive value in knowing an individual’s mental health history. In fact, people with mental health disabilities are more likely to be victims of violent crimes than perpetrators. The Act therefore shifts the debate about gun reform from one about easy access to guns to one about improving mental health services. This is not without consequence.
This paper analyzes the effects of tying mental health to gun violence through legislation. Specifically, it argues that the rhetoric and policy mandates enacted in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act reproduce internal, interpersonal, and structural stigma against people with mental health disabilities. Investments in community-based services are sorely needed, but tying these reforms to gun violence prevention will increase stigma. This paper acknowledges some provisions’ transformative potential while tempering optimism about the scope and nature of these services because they are provided under the auspices of preventing gun violence. Providing mental health relief through a gun control bill reproduces stigma in three key ways. First, by discursively tying gun ownership to one’s mental health history, lawmakers have created a binary between “law-abiding” citizens and the “mentally ill.” The latter category presumptively loses their constitutional rights by virtue of being part of a stigmatized group. Second, because of regional variation in availability and types of services, new crisis intervention lines often work with local law enforcement, creating the potential for incarceration, involuntary hospitalization, or even death. Finally, making educational professionals responsible for “detecting” violent behavior risks contributing to the family policing system and marking racial minorities and students with disabilities as delinquents due to an administrator or teacher’s animus. This paper ultimately echoes calls by suicidologists, psychiatric expatients/consumers/survivors, and policymakers to create and improve community-based services free from coercion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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How #FreeBritney Exposes the Need to Disable the Model Rules of Professional Conduct
Get PDFThe legal community has been instrumental in guaranteeing fundamental rights of self-determination for some disabled people. However, lawyers are often complicit in ableist practices—in fact, our ethical rules sometimes require it. Rule 1.14 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct (“Model Rules”) provides that lawyers may supplement their own judgment for a disabled client’s when they think it is in their client’s interest. In Britney Spears’s case, her former attorney repeatedly undermined her attempts to end her conservatorship, likely based on his mistaken belief that doing so would not be in the singer’s best interest. Indeed, her attorney did not even inform her that ending her conservatorship was an option.This paper considers the ethical obligations of attorneys when interacting with disabled clients, arguing that the Model Rules should be altered to reflect the idea of “support-based” legal capacity embedded in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and becoming popularized within the disability community. Support-based models prioritize the expressed preferences of disabled people.Section II contextualizes this discussion within broader conversations about capacity and human rights law. Section III compares the Model Rules with the standards set out by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Section IV discusses the practical implications of these differences through two hypotheticals. This paper concludes by proposing a new Model Rule 1.14 to bring the Model Rules in line with international human rights law and the needs of the disability community
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