1,720,974 research outputs found
Immunotherapy of malignant glioma: Breaking tolerance and building immunity in the brain.
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80368.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 23 april 2009Promotor : Adema, G.J. Co-promotores : Nierkens, S., Sutmuller, R.P.M.142 p
In situ tumor destruction: towards in vivo modulation of immune responses by dendritic cells.
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27426.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Dendritic cells (DC's) are professional antigen presenting cells that play a critical role in initiation of immune responses. In recent years, it has become evident that tumor antigens presented by ex vivo generated DC can evoke tumor-specific responses in cancer patients. Although promising results have been obtained with tumor antigen loaded DC vaccination, many questions regarding the most effective tumor antigens and DC migration remain unanswered. Moreover, ex vivo generation of DC's is time consuming and costly. In vivo loading and maturation of DC's would therefore greatly improve the applicability of DC vaccination. For in vivo loading of DC's we pioneered on a novel mouse model that makes use of in situ tumor ablation (cryo and radiofrequency ablation) to create an antigen source for uptake by phagocytes. In this model we could show that after ablation, antigens were preferentially taken up by dendritic cells in the draining lymph node. This, however, induced only a minor anti-tumor immunity that was mainly cell-mediated and tumor-specific. We and others showed that the maturation and activation status of DC's is crucial for the outcome of vaccination. Thus, to enhance immune responses after in vivo loading we combined the ablative treatments with peri-tumoral injection of CpG ODN containing unmethylated CG motifs. We were able to trace back antigen positive DC's in the lymph nodes that were increasingly matured after CpG, compared to antigen negative DC's. This was accompanied by an increase in cross presentation of antigens and subsequent induction of specific CD8+ T cells. Accordingly, this strategy decreased the basal level of primary site recurrences. Furthermore, when a re-challenge with B16-OVA cells was given forty days after ablation we could obtain 100% protection from outgrowth of this re-challenge. The results presented in this thesis suggest that immunomodulation can be a powerful additive treatment modality to combine with in situ tumor ablation.RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 26 april 2006Promotores : Adema, G.J., Figdor, C.G. Co-promotores : Ruers, T.J.M., Sutmuller, R.P.M.180 p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Regulatory T cells and toll-like receptors: regulating the regulators.
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53675.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a crucial role in maintaining control of leucocytes. Several studies have shown that in vivo Treg depletion results in autoimmune syndromes like thyroiditis, gastritis, diabetes mellitus and colitis, but at the same time, may also result in improved anti-tumour vaccination. Although Treg are recognised to maintain peripheral tolerance in healthy individuals, recent research has shown that Treg also suppress immune responses during infections to prevent tissue damage. How the Treg themselves are regulated is still under investigation. Their suppressive activity must be regulated in order to allow for the effective elimination of pathogens. Until recently, this control of Treg function was found to be through modulation via cytokines or by stimulation via co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. It is now demonstrated, however, that the presence of pathogens can be communicated to Treg directly through toll-like receptors (TLRs). Up until now, Treg have been reported to respond to ligands for TLR2, 4, 5 and 8, and different TLRs can have alternative effects on Treg resulting in more suppression or, in contrast, abrogation of suppression. As TLRs can also recognise endogenous proteins, such as heat shock proteins, it is tempting to speculate on the role of these proteins in modulating Treg function during chronic inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the implications of TLR engagement on Treg and any consequences this may have for chronic autoinflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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