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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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No full textNot AvailableAgri-voltaic system has been shown as a potential option to grow crops and generate renewable energy from a single land unit. The system is best suitable for those areas where solar irradiation is available in plenty and land productivity potential is comparatively low. Additional advantage of agri-voltaic system is its ability to harvest rainwater from the top of PV modules. The harvested rainwater can be used for cleaning of deposited dust on PV modules and to provide supplemental irrigation to crops. The agri-voltaic system can be connected to grid through net metering system to supply the PV generated electricity and earn an income of Rs 7.5 lakhs acre-1 year-1. Otherwise, the off-grid agri-voltaic system can be used to operate solar PV pumping system in farmers’ field. Apart from income by selling the PV generated electricity, farmers can also earn income from crop production. Overall, the land equivalent ration can be improved by installation of agri-voltaic system in farmers’ field.National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP) - ICA
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No full textNot AvailableThere are no one simple criteria for selecting an appropriate solar dryer for a specific region in the world or a specific product to be dried. The classification of solar drying systems illustrates that the solar dryer designs can be grouped systematically according to drying air circulation to natural and forced convection dryers; according to operational modes to direct, indirect, and mixed-mode dryers; and by their heating sources. The most typical solar dryers for agriculture produce based on their construction designs were summarized and
evaluated. The final selection of solar drying systems is generally based on the available insolation rate, kind of product that will be dried, production throughput, operational costs, as well as the experience of the fabricator. The use of solar dryers at remote locations/rural areas can go a long way in reducing post-harvest losses as well as carbon emission by supplementing/replacing conventional energy sources. The availability of clean and green energy source in rural areas would enable farmers to accrue higher monetary benefits through processing and agro-based industries to improve the livelihood of farmers and enhancing their standard of living.National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP) - ICA
Lβ2 satellites in the X-ray emission spectra of elements 72Hf, 73Ta, 74W, 81Tl, 83Bi and 92U
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No full textNot AvailableThe satellite spectra arising due to L3Mx±MxN4,5 (x =1-5) transition array in X-ray emission spectra of 74W, 76Os, 78Pt, 80Hg, 82Pb, 88Ra and 90Th, have been calculated using available HFS data on K±LM and L±MN Auger transition energies. The agreement between the calculated and measured energies, that between calculated and measured separations in energies and the consideration of the relative probabilities of all the L3Mx±MxN4,5 transitions have been used as the basis for deciding the origin of the satellites. It has been established that two satellites observed in the Lb2 region of the X-ray spectra of various elements and named b2 I and b2 II in order of increasing energy are mainly emitted by L3M4,5±M4,5N4,5 transitions. It is observed that the satellite b2 I in the spectra of elements with Z 74±76 has been assigned to the superposition of 3F4±3G5 and 3F4±3D3 transitions and that it must be the most intense of all these satellites. The same transitions have been proved to be the main origin of the satellite, b2II, reported in the range Z 78±90: Further, the satellite b2 I , reported in the spectra of elements with Z = 74W to 76Os, has been associated with the transitions 3D3±3F4 and 1D2±1F3. Finally, the line b2 II, reported in the spectra of elements Z = 74±76; has been assigned to the 1F3±1G4 transition. The possible contributions of other transitions of the L3Mx±MxN4,5 (x =1-5) array having intensities comparable with the above transitions, and the corresponding lines, which have not yet been observed, have also been discussed.Not Availabl
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