33 research outputs found
Kualitas papan partikel batang bawah, batang atas dan cabang kayu jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.)
Get PDFSelama ini pemanfaatan kayu hanya terbatas pada bagian-bagian kayu yang dianggap penting dan komersial untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri sedangkan bagian lainnya dibiarkan begitu saja tanpa ada pemanfaatan selanjutnya. Dalam rangka mengantisipasi keterbatasan dan ketersedian kayu berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keefisienan penggunaan kayu. salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan jenis kayu cepat tumbuh seperti jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas papan partikel yaitu posisi kayu dalam pohon dan kadar perekat. Kualitas papan partikel diyatakan dalam sifat fisis (kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap, pengembangan tebal) dan sifat mekanis (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, kuat pegang sekrup). Penelitian ini juga ditujukan untuk menyatakan keterbasahan partikel dan hubungannya dengan internal bond papan partikel
Karakterisasi Partikel Tandan Kosong Sawit
No full textTandan kosong sawit (TKS) merupakan limbah dari produksi minyak sawit yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi produk yang bernilai tinggi. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah tandan kosong sawit berpotensi untuk dijadikan perekat likuida dan papan partikel. Namun, pada penelitian tersebut belum didapatkan perekat likuida yang karakteristiknya sesuai dengan standar. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian pendahuluan pada bahan baku TKS guna mengetahui karakteristik dasar dari TKS sehingga dapat menjadi rujukan dalam memanfaatkan limbah TKS sebagai bahan baku perekat likuida dan papan partikel.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kelarutan dan senyawa kimia partikel TKS dalam perendaman n-hexana. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah serbuk dari limbah tandan kelapa sawit (TKS) yang diperoleh dari PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII Kertajaya (Pandeglang, Banten). Bahan diekstrak dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana. Senyawa kimia partikel TKS diketahui dengan gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Pengujian karakteristik kimia penyusun dinding sel TKS meliputi kadar holoselulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Pengujian menunjukkan perlakuan perendaman n-hexana tidak merubah komposisi kimia utama dinding sel (hemiselulosa, selulosa, lignin) yang terkandung dalam partikel TKS. Hal ini diduga karena n-hexana tidak berpengaruh dalam mendegradasi selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yang terkandung dalam partikel tandan kosong sawit. Pengujian kelarutan zat ekstraktif menunjukkan bahwa TKS setelah direndam n-hexana mempunyai persentase kelarutan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan TKS tanpa perendaman, hal ini karena senyawa non-polar sudah dilarutkan oleh n-hexana terlebih dahulu. Komponen mineral dalam kayu yang diuji adalah kadar abu yang terkandung dalam TKS. Pengujian kadar abu menunjukan bahwa perlakuan iv perendaman tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar abu yang terkandung dalam partikel TKS dibandingkan dengan TKS tanpa perendaman. Hal ini karena mineral tidak dapat terlarut saat perendaman. Mineral mengendap dalam sel, sehingga perbedaan nilai tidak signifikan
Karakterisasi kulit buah jarak (Jatropa curcas L) dan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku papan pertikel berkualitas
No full textJatropha fruit hulls (JFH) is a waste resulted from biodiesel process and its used only as compos materials. According to fiber proportion and chemical composition, JFH had a potency for using as raw materials of particleboard manufacturing. However, the acidity properties of JFH caused problem in UF resin curing, so that resulting inferior bonding strength of board. Adjusting of acidity and controlling of pressing temperature and time were expected to solve those problem. The objective of this research was to obtain the best condition to produce high quality particleboard made of JFH and UF resin. This research consist of five steps. The first step was to analyse of materials characteristic of JFH and UF resin included of pH, buffering capacity, chemical component, chemical compound, wettability, solid content, viscosity, and gelatine time. Suitability indicator between of JFH and UF was determined by extractive content, pH, and wettability. Second step was to analyse of particle immersing treatment (immersing in cold water for 24 hours, hot water for 1 hours, and 1% acetic acid solution) to physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Third step was to analyse of pressing temperature and time to obtain optimum pressing condition in particleboard manufacturing. The fourth step was to analyse of wood shaving (mangium wood) and wood veneer (sengon and jabon wood) to reinforce of mechanical properties of particleboard. The last step was to analyse of non wood particle (bamboo and sorghum stalk) to reinforce of mechanical properties of particleboard. The result showed that JFH had alkali properties, it was caused by alkaline from several chemical compound that composed of JFH i.e ammonium bicarbonate, mercaptomethane, guaiacol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol dan cyclopropyl carbinol. Immersing treatment was reducing of extractive content, pH and increased of JFH wettability. Furthermore, those parameter used as indicator to determine of lignocellulosic materials compatibility with UF resin to result the best quality of particleboard. Based on technical and efficiency considering, immering treatment in cold water for 24 hours, hot water for 1 hour, and 1% acetic acid solution were selected for particleboard manufacturing. The best properties of particleboard was resulted by JFH immersing treatment in acetic acid solution. The exploration of pressing temperature and time to obtain of the best pressing condition was expected for optimizing of UF resin polymerization. Hot pressing in 130 0C temperature for 10 minute resulting the best properties of particleboard, but the thickness swelling and modulus of elasticity value were not fulfill of JIS A 5908 (2003). The reinforcement method by strong materials were expected of resulting the improvement of mechanical properties. JFH and wood shaving mixture, overlaid with wood veneer, JFH and non wood particle mixture resulted to improve of physical and mechanical properties especially of MOE and MOR value. The overlaid with sengon and jabon veneer, and JFH and bamboo acid treated mixture was increasing of MOE and MOR value. The overlay technique by veneer and JFH and bamboo acid treated mixture resulting MOE value that fulfill of JIS A 5908 (2003). Based on this reseach had resulted of recomendations included of immersing in 1% acetic acid solution, hot pressing at 130 0C temperature for 10 minute, the reinforcement method by wood veneer overlaid, and JFH and bamboo acid treated mixture were resulting the best properties of particleboard. The parameter of particleboard had fulfill of JIS A 5908 (2003) for interior particleboard
The qualities of core kenaf particle boards were studied. The boards were made of core kenaf particles and their liquids fortified by melamine formaldehyde. Core kenaf liquids were prepared using 20 – 60 mesh particles, phenol : formaldehyde ratio of 0,5, based on Masri (2005). SNI 06-4567-1998 and JIS A 5908-2003 were used to grade the kenaf liquids and particle board. Factorial analysis 3 x 3 in Complete Randomized Design was applied with 2 replications. Glue spread with 3 levels (10, 15 and 20% of the oven dry weight kenaf particles) and fortification MF with 3 levels (15, 30 and 45% of the solid content of the kenaf liquids) were used. Kenaf particles were cold soaked prior bonding. The condition of bonding operation in making particle board were : pressure of 20 kgf/cm2 at 160ºC for 12 minutes. The best result of particle board produced by 20% glue spread and 45% MF fortification with the properties as follows : density of 0,7 g/cm3, moisture content of 6,6%, water absorb ability of 55,6%, thickness swelling of 16,6%, screw holding strength of 641,2 N, internal bond of 0,86 N/mm2, MOE of 2131,9 N/mm2, and MOR of 15,3 N/mm2. Fortifications doesn’t significantly affect the quality of the particle boards. Keywords: Core-kenaf, kenaf liquids, fortification.
No full textThe qualities of core kenaf particle boards were studied. The boards were made of core kenaf particles and their liquids fortified by melamine formaldehyde. Core kenaf liquids were prepared using 20 – 60 mesh particles, phenol : formaldehyde ratio of 0,5, based on Masri (2005). SNI 06-4567-1998 and JIS A 5908-2003 were used to grade the kenaf liquids and particle board. Factorial analysis 3 x 3 in Complete Randomized Design was applied with 2 replications. Glue spread with 3 levels (10, 15 and 20% of the oven dry weight kenaf particles) and fortification MF with 3 levels (15, 30 and 45% of the solid content of the kenaf liquids) were used. Kenaf particles were cold soaked prior bonding. The condition of bonding operation in making particle board were : pressure of 20 kgf/cm2 at 160ºC for 12 minutes. The best result of particle board produced by 20% glue spread and 45% MF fortification with the properties as follows : density of 0,7 g/cm3, moisture content of 6,6%, water absorb ability of 55,6%, thickness swelling of 16,6%, screw holding strength of 641,2 N, internal bond of 0,86 N/mm2, MOE of 2131,9 N/mm2, and MOR of 15,3 N/mm2. Fortifications doesn’t significantly affect the quality of the particle boards. Keywords: Core-kenaf, kenaf liquids, fortification
PENGEMBANGAN PEREKAT LIKUID DAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT
Get PDFOil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is one of lignocellulosic natural resource, which is highly potential as adhesive and particleboard raw materials. The purpose of the study was determine wood liquid qualities, and to evaluate the effect of adhesive contents, wood liquid extension levels on melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin, and resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) fortification levels on wood liquid to particleboard quality. The results showed that the EFB wood liquid is considered as phenolic resin group, liquid form and free of dirt, reddish brown color, pH 11, 34 cps viscosity, solids content of 34.47%, and gelatine time >60 minutes. Some characteristics of wood liquid adhesives meet SNI 06-4567-1998, namely the form, appearance, pH, and gelatine time. The physical and mechanical properties of particle board for all treatments were 0.640.93 g/cm3 density, moisture content 612%, thickness swelling 13292%, water absorption 39239%, modulus of rupture (MOR) 16199 kg/cm2, modulus of elasticity (MOE) 232119810 kg/cm2, internal bonding 0.167.19 kg, and screw holding power 1662 kg. Some physical and mechanical properties of particle board meet the standard of JIS A 5908-2003. Particleboard using MF resin without wood liquid extension (adhesive content of 20%) was the best quality particleboard. Wood liquid for particleboard recommended using wood liquid fortified with 5% MF resin (adhesive content of 15%) and MF resin with 15% wood liquid extensions (adhesive content of 20%) produced good quality particleboard
Prosiding Seminar Hasil-Hasil Penelitian IPB 2011
No full textSebagian besar perekat untuk industri kayu komposit merupakan perekat sintetis, seperti urea, phenol dan melamin formaldehida (UF, PF, MF). Perekat berbahan formaldehida merupakan perekat sintetis yang bahan bakunya diperoleh sebagai hasil olahan minyak bumi Kelebihan perekat formaldehida adalah sifat perekatan yang baik, sedangkan kelemahannya yaitu sumber bahan baku yang semakin berkurang serta menimbulkan emisi formaldehida terhadap lingkungan. Sumberdaya alam yang cukup potensial sebagai bahan baku perekat dan papan komposit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Tandan kosong sawit (TKS) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku perekat melalui proses pencairan (likuifikasi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik kualitas perekat likuida TKS, dan mengetahu pengaruh penambahan resorsinol terhadap kualitas perekat likuida TKS campuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perekat likuida TKS yang dihasilkan merupakan golongan perekat phenolik dengan karakteristik bentuk cair, warna cokelat merah kehitaman, bebas kotoran, pH 11,60, kekentalan 101,00 cps, berat jenis 1,192, kadar padatan 49,77%, waktu gelatinasi 151,20 menit, kadar abu 20,46% dan derajat kristalinitas 19,94%. Sebagian besar karakteristik perekat likuida memenuhi karakteristik perekat PF untuk kayu lapis (SNI 06-4567-1998). Penambahan resorsinol pada perekat likuida TKS cenderung menyebabkan penurunan keasaman (pH), tetapi meningkatkan kepekatan warna (warna lebih gelap), kekentalan, berat jenis, kadar padatan, waktu gelatinasi, kadar abu dan derajat kristalinitas.Most of adhesive used in wood industry were synthetic adhesive, such as urea, phenol, and melamine formaldehyde (UF, PF, MF). Formaldehyde adhesive were synthetic adhesive which its material contents derived from petroleum manner. The advantage of formaldehyde adhesive was its good adhesion, meanwhile the disadvantage was its main contents was on the wane and causes formaldehyde emission. Potential natural resources which can be used as adhesive main contents and biocompocite were oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) could be used as adhesive main contents through liquefaction process. The research consists of research of making EFB wood liquid, its characterization, and resorcinol addition to have better quality. The research results show that EFB liquids which were produced belong to phenolic adhesive type, which specified by characteristics as follows: liquid, brown-red-black in color, free of dirt, pH 11.60, viscosity 101.00 cps, density 1.192, solid content 49.77%, gelatin time 151.20 minutes, ash content 20.46%, and cristallinity degree 19.94%. Adhesive quality, in general, fulfill the spesification for phenol formaldehyde as plywood adhesives (SNI 06-4567-1998). Adding resorcinol on EFB wood liquids decrease pH, but adding resorcinol on EFB wood liquids increase color, viscosity, density, solid content, gelatin time, ash content, and cristallinity degree
Fortifikasi Perekat Lateks Karet Alam-Stirena dengan Isosianat: Karakteristik dan Aplikasinya pada Kayu Lapis (Fortification of Natural Rubber Lateks-Styrene with Isocyanate: Characteristics and its Application for Plywood Adhesive)
No full textThis study was to evaluate the blending composition effects of natural rubber lateks-styrena (NRL-St)/isocyanate adhesive on their properties and sengon plywood quality. The blending mixture consists of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 0/100. Physico-chemical properties of these adhesives in therms of solid content (gravimetric method), pH (pH indicator paper), viscosity (Viscometer Brookfield), and contact angle (Motic software) were characterized. The bond strength (SNI 01-2704-1992) and formaldehyde emission (WKI bottle method) of plywood were also determined. Isocyanate fortification increased the solid content and viscosity of adhesive mixture, while pH was vice versa. The contact angle of adhesive mixture was about 450.Isocyanate fortification onto NRL-St improved plywood bond strength and significant improvement was happened on the composition of 80/20. Plywood hot pressing for 5 minutes increased the bond strength until isocyanate fortification 20%, while 10 minutes hot pressing also improved the bond strength on all of the composition adhesive. Only adhesive mixture of 70/30 that gave the lowest formaldehyde emission and fulfiled E1 standard (<0.1 ppm). Generally,the increasing of hot pressing time tended to decrease formaldehyde emmision of plywood. Bond strength of plywood fulfill SNI standard and E1 standard was isocyanate fortification of 30%
Prosiding Seminra Nasional Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia
No full textThe wettability in terms of corrected water absorption height (CWAH) of treated oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKS) particles was investigated. The treatments were soaking TKS in cold water, hot water and ethanol-benzene. The objective of the research was to know the effect of soaking treatment on the wettability as indicator of gluability of the TKS particles prior bonding. The research results show that the CWAH of the 'TKS which were soaked in cold water, hot water and ethanol-benzene were 3586 mrn, 9874 mm and 10725 mm, respectively. Meanwhile the CWAH of untreated TKS was only 2312 mm, lower than those the treated ones. The analysis of variance shows that the treatment significantly and positively affect wettability. The TKS which was soaked in ethanol4enzene has highest CWAH value, followed by those of hot water and cold water soaking and control
Physical and mechanical properties of jabon wood particleboards were studied. The wood particle from lower, upper parts of trunk and branches of jabon tree were used. The wood wettability was observed at lower, upper part of trunk and branches of 2.5 years old jabon tree from Cihideung Ilir village, Bogor. The quality of particleboard in terms of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, and screw holding power were tested accordance with JIS 5908:2003. In general partikel bord made of jabon wood from upper, lower of trunk and branches of jabon were as follow: density (0.61 g/cm³, 0.58 g/cm³, 0.65 g/cm³), moisture content (9.9%, 9.7%, 9.3%), thickness swelling (44.8%; 52.3%; 30.6%), modulus of elasticity (9716.1 kg/cm², 7997.4 kg/cm², 12954.3 kg/cm²), modulus of rupture (82.6 kg/cm², 71.3 kg/cm², 90.8 kg/cm²), internal bond (5.06 kg/cm², 3.02 kg/cm², 6.12 kg/cm²) and screw holding power (30.6 kg/cm², 38.8 kg/cm², 47.5 kg/cm²), respectively. The quality of jabon wood were not affected by the precentage of adhesive used. There were a variability in wettability of jabon wood between parts of tree. The wettability of jabon wood of upper, lower trunk and branches were 1800.4, 2126.1 and 2169.7 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the variabilities were also happened in almost all physical dan mechanical properties of the particleboard. The higher the wettability the higher the quality of the particleboard, means that wettability as a good indicator for quality of jabon woods particleboard.The quality of particleboard made of woods from branches were better than others. Keywords: particleboard, jabon, wettability,gluability
No full textPhysical and mechanical properties of jabon wood particleboards were studied. The wood particle from lower, upper parts of trunk and branches of jabon tree were used. The wood wettability was observed at lower, upper part of trunk and branches of 2.5 years old jabon tree from Cihideung Ilir village, Bogor. The quality of particleboard in terms of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, and screw holding power were tested accordance with JIS 5908:2003. In general partikel bord made of jabon wood from upper, lower of trunk and branches of jabon were as follow: density (0.61 g/cm³, 0.58 g/cm³, 0.65 g/cm³), moisture content (9.9%, 9.7%, 9.3%), thickness swelling (44.8%; 52.3%; 30.6%), modulus of elasticity (9716.1 kg/cm², 7997.4 kg/cm², 12954.3 kg/cm²), modulus of rupture (82.6 kg/cm², 71.3 kg/cm², 90.8 kg/cm²), internal bond (5.06 kg/cm², 3.02 kg/cm², 6.12 kg/cm²) and screw holding power (30.6 kg/cm², 38.8 kg/cm², 47.5 kg/cm²), respectively. The quality of jabon wood were not affected by the precentage of adhesive used. There were a variability in wettability of jabon wood between parts of tree. The wettability of jabon wood of upper, lower trunk and branches were 1800.4, 2126.1 and 2169.7 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the variabilities were also happened in almost all physical dan mechanical properties of the particleboard. The higher the wettability the higher the quality of the particleboard, means that wettability as a good indicator for quality of jabon woods particleboard.The quality of particleboard made of woods from branches were better than others. Keywords: particleboard, jabon, wettability,gluabilit
Optimasi Pembuatan Kayu Lamina Dengan Menggunakan Perekat Non Formaldehida
Get PDFEmisi produk kayu yang menggunakan perekat berbasis formaldehida potensial membahayakan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan penggunaan jenis perekat yang tidak mengandung senyawa tersebut. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui keterekatan kayu lamina jenis kayu daur pendek yaitu akasia(Acacia mangium Willd), Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb), dan sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria L. Nielsen). Perekat yang digunakan juga terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu: poliuretan polivinil asetat dan polistirena, sedangkan waktu kempa terdiri dari 3 level yaitu 30 menit, 45 menit dan 60 menit. Pembuatan contoh uji dan pengujian menggunakan standar JAS No.234 tahun 2003. Parameter yang diukur adalah keteguhan rekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis perekat berpengaruh nyata terhadap keteguhan rekat, demikian pula dengan waktu kempa, sedangkan jenis kayu tidak berpengaruh pada pengujian sampel pada kondisi kerin
