1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Challenges selecting ‘desirable’ migrants: a case study of immigrant investor programmes in the United Kingdom and the United States
Get PDFWhile many policymakers want to market their countries as desirable destinations for the ‘brightest and best’, implementing policies to attract and select such migrants is no easy matter. This article explores the challenges policymakers face when designing and implementing policies to attract and admit ‘desirable’ migrants, using the UK and US immigrant investor programmes as a case study. Drawing from targeting and screening theories in public policy, this study identifies some unavoidable challenges. First, policymakers face a trade-off between two types of selection errors: erroneously admitting applicants whom policymakers do not consider desirable and excluding those they do. How they resolve these trade-offs will depend on the perceived social, economic, and political costs of being under- or over-inclusive, respectively. The problems of selection errors will be greater when the characteristics they seek are either rare or difficult to define in transparent selection criteria. Second, policymakers will face a trade-off between the information they can gather to determine whether applicants meet their vision of the desirable migrant and the risk of deterring applicants because the programme conditions are too onerous. I argue that these selection challenges are a distinct subset of immigration policy failure that existing theories can shed some light on but do not sufficiently explain on their own
How useful are survey data for analyzing immigration policy?
Get PDFLarge-scale population surveys have been an important source of data for the study of migration, and in many countries provide the only widely accessible data on migrants’ characteristics and outcomes after they arrive. For immigration policymakers, however, official survey data have some important limitations. Nonresponse to surveys is particularly likely to affect newly arrived migrants, biasing analysis toward more settled populations who have different characteristics (e.g., different fiscal costs), and hindering analysis of how integration outcomes evolve after arrival. Survey data are not well suited to capturing the dynamics of a mobile population, particularly among groups of migrants who spend substantial periods outside the country. And perhaps most importantly, official survey data usually identify migrants by country of birth and nationality (and sometimes self-reported reason for migration) but rarely include information on a person’s legal status either at arrival or at the time of data collection. This significantly limits the possibilities for evaluating policy and the impacts of policy changes: the characteristics of migrants coming for different reasons can vary enormously, so policymakers should be cautious about assuming that aggregate evidence on migrants or migration will be relevant to the specific routes on which they are taking decisions. This article illustrates some of these problems in practice showing how official survey data in the United Kingdom have been unable to answer one of the key questions facing the government, namely how many and which EU citizens need to apply to secure their residence rights after Brexit
Can investor residence and citizenship programmes be a policy success?
Get PDFInvestor residence and citizenship programmes, which grant status to wealthy individuals in return for a financial investment, are a niche area of immigration policy. However, they punch above their weight when it comes to the capacity to generate controversy in public debates. Both the economics and politics of investor migration are complex and controversial. Despite the growing number of investor programmes operating in high-income countries, there is no consensus on what constitutes ‘good practice’. This chapter examines the question what makes for a successful investor programme, defining ‘success’ from both an economic and a political perspective. I argue that, perhaps even more than in other areas of migration policy, there is a conflict between policy designs that are economically beneficial and those that are politically acceptable, with important consequences for how investor policies are designed and promoted to public audiences
Shortages, high-demand occupations, and the post-Brexit UK immigration system
Get PDFOne of the key questions facing immigration policy-makers is which jobs should be eligible for work visas. This question has dominated discussions about the post-Brexit immigration system, which has focused in particular on the issue of shortages. While the UK government resisted calls to open labour migration routes in low-wage or low-skilled jobs with high demand for foreign workers, workers in middle- and high-skilled jobs that are deemed to face a labour market shortage can qualify with significantly lower wages. This paper examines the arguments for and against using immigration policy to prioritize labour migration in ‘shortage occupations’. It argues that the idea is politically appealing but problematic in practice. Shortages are more difficult to measure satisfactorily than policy-makers may imagine, and different methodologies produce different results. This makes it unwise to develop an immigration policy that depends too heavily on the notion that the shortage list is an accurate reflection of what is really happening in the labour market
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