26 research outputs found
UJI KETAHANAN KLON KARET IRR SERI 400 TERHADAP BEBERAPA ISOLAT PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN COLLETOTRICHUM
Get PDFPerakitan klondengan produktivitas tinggi, pertumbuhan jagur, resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun serta memiliki daya adaptabilitas luas adalah tujuan pemulian karet.Klon IRR seri 400 merupakan calon klon unggul seri IRR berikutnya yang memiliki potensi produksi melebihi klon PB 260.Khusus untuk ketahanan penyakit, pendekatan dengan perakitan klon tahan juga telah dilakukan, yaitu menyilangkan tetua yang memiliki potensi produksi tinggi dan tahan penyakit. Penyakit gugur daun Colletothricum merupakan salah satu penyakit terpenting pada tanaman karet.Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletothricumgloeosporioides.Gangguan penyakit ini dapat menurunkan produktivitas kebun, tertundanya saat okulasi di pembibitan,dan dalam serangan yang berat mengakibatkan bibit cacat, kerdil bahkan mati. Oleh karena telah dilakukan penelitian di Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih di kebun Entres untuk mengetahui ketahanan 22 klon IRR seri 400 dan klon pembanding PB 260.Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas serangan dan periode laten, kemudian untuk melihat sifat ketahanan, dicari nilai heretabilitas (h2) dengan membandingakan ragam genetik dan ragam lingkungan terhadap parameter pengamatan. Terseleksi enam klon yang memiliki tingkat ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap intensitas serangan Colletotrichumyaitu IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 446, IRR 451 dan IRR 452. Tidak adanya interaksi antara isolat dengan klon karena jenis isolat yang digunakan adalah Colletotrhicumgloeosporioides.Tingkat ketahanan dipengaruhi oleh klon yang dicerminkan dari nilai heretabilitas tinggi yaitu >0,5. Diterima : 10 Juli 2015; Direvisi : 8 September 2015; Disetujui : 25 September 2015 How to Cite : Pasaribu, S. A., Rosmayati., & Sumarmadji. (2015). Uji ketahanan klon karet IRR seri 400 terhadap beberapa isolat penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 131-142. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/178Â
Uji Ketahanan Klon Karet Irr Seri 400 Terhadap Beberapa Isolat Penyakit Gugur Daun Colletotrichum
Get PDFPerakitan klondengan produktivitas tinggi, pertumbuhan jagur, resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun serta memiliki daya adaptabilitas luas adalah tujuan pemulian karet.Klon IRR seri 400 merupakan calon klon unggul seri IRR berikutnya yang memiliki potensi produksi melebihi klon PB 260.Khusus untuk ketahanan penyakit, pendekatan dengan perakitan klon tahan juga telah dilakukan, yaitu menyilangkan tetua yang memiliki potensi produksi tinggi dan tahan penyakit. Penyakit gugur daun Colletothricum merupakan salah satu penyakit terpenting pada tanaman karet.Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletothricumgloeosporioides.Gangguan penyakit ini dapat menurunkan produktivitas kebun, tertundanya saat okulasi di pembibitan,dan dalam serangan yang berat mengakibatkan bibit cacat, kerdil bahkan mati. Oleh karena telah dilakukan penelitian di Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih di kebun Entres untuk mengetahui ketahanan 22 klon IRR seri 400 dan klon pembanding PB 260.Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas serangan dan periode laten, kemudian untuk melihat sifat ketahanan, dicari nilai heretabilitas (h2) dengan membandingakan ragam genetik dan ragam lingkungan terhadap parameter pengamatan. Terseleksi enam klon yang memiliki tingkat ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap intensitas serangan Colletotrichumyaitu IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 446, IRR 451 dan IRR 452. Tidak adanya interaksi antara isolat dengan klon karena jenis isolat yang digunakan adalah Colletotrhicumgloeosporioides.Tingkat ketahanan dipengaruhi oleh klon yang dicerminkan dari nilai heretabilitas tinggi yaitu >0,5. Diterima : 10 Juli 2015; Direvisi : 8 September 2015; Disetujui : 25 September 2015 How to Cite : Pasaribu, S. A., Rosmayati., & Sumarmadji. (2015). Uji ketahanan klon karet IRR seri 400 terhadap beberapa isolat penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 131-142. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/17
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF LOW FREQUENCY TAPPING SYSTEMS TO DEAL WITH THE BUSINESS CHALLENGE OF RUBBER PLANTATIONS IN INDONESIA
No full textIn present day context, rubber plantations are facing problems of the low rubber price, difficulty in finding workers for tapping and rising the cost of production. Tapping cost is the biggest component in cost of production. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze financial feasibility of different tapping systems in the mature rubber tapped on B0 panel and H0 B1 panel. Tapping systems comprised varying degree of tapping frequencies and stimulation (ethephon) systems. Financial analysis was based on assessments on the margin revenue and margin costs. Out of 19 tapping systems tested, five systems found to be profitable against the usually practiced once in three day tapping with 2.5% ethephon every two weeks. On the virgin base panel (B0), three systems are available, i.e. two with once in three days tapping using 2.5% ethephon at 10 days interval and 4% ethephon at 2 weeks interval and, another with once in four days tapping using 5% ethephon at 2 weeks interval. In intensified tapping with double cuts (DU), only once in three days tapping was found financially feasible with 4% and 5% ethephon at two weeks intervals on the base panel. Key words :  economic feasibility, partial budget, rubber, tapping system
Viabilitas Benih Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr) dengan Varietas dan Kemasan yang Berbeda pada Beberapa Ruang Penyimpanan
No full textThe objective of this study was aimed to know the physiological aspect of soybean seed in a viability seed dynamics and to seek the way of store effectively and simply in maintaining the high quality of soybean seed in storing. The research conducted completely on Laboratorium Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih IV Dinas Pertanian Propinsi Sumatera Utara. The research took place 4 months commenced of March 2008 up to June 2008. The design adopted to this study is a Randomized Completely Design apllied 2 factors with 3 replications. The first factor is the variety (V) namely an Anjasmoro variety (V1) and Kaba variety (V2). Secondly factor is on packing (K) namely with plastic(K1), the flavor bag (K2) and can (K3). The study was conducted in 3 rooms of storing differently namely refrigerator, AC room and room with own temperature. Each three weeks was conducted a monitoring on the moisture content, germination value, the fast of germination, the growth rate, the dried weight germination and the test of Tetrazolium. The result of study showed that the Anjasmoro variety soybean seed as stored in a plastic packing on a refrigerator room, AC room or other room with own temperature for four months still have a maintained viability as high as germination value of 85%. It is noted that Kaba variety soybean seed as stored with plastic packing, flavor bag or with can as stored for four months on refrigerator and AC room were still in high germination value (85%), but after the ninth week the germination value going decreasing drastic until the end of storing noted become 59,67%; 29,67% and another 19,67% in plastic packing, cans, and flavor bag respectively.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek fisiologi benih kedelai berupa dinamika viabilitas benih dan menemukan cara simpan yang efektif dan sederhana untuk mempertahankan mutu benih kedelai tetap tinggi dalam penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih IV Dinas Pertanian Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini berlangsung sekitar 4 bulan yang dimulai bulan Maret 2008 s/d Juni 2008. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah varietas (V) yaitu varietas Anjasmoro (V1) dan varietas Kaba (V2). Faktor kedua adalah kemasan (K) yaitu plastik (K1), kantong terigu (K2) dan kaleng (K3). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tiga ruang penyimpanan yang berbeda yaitu refrigerator, ruang AC dan ruang suhu kamar. Setiap tiga minggu dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kadar air, daya kecambah, kecepatan perkecambahan, laju pertumbuhan, bobot kering kecambah dan uji Tetrazolium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih kedelai Anjasmoro yang disimpan dalam kemasan plastik pada ruang refrigerator, ruang AC maupun ruang suhu kamar selama empat bulan masih mampu mempertahankan daya tumbuh dengan daya kecambah > 85%. Benih kedelai varietas Kaba yang disimpan dengan kemasan plastik, kantong terigu maupun kaleng yang disimpan empat bulan pada ruang refrigerator dan ruang AC masih mempunyai daya kecambah tinggi ( > 82%). Pada suhu kamar varietas Kaba yang disimpan dengan kemasan plastik, kantong terigu dan kaleng sampai minggu kesembilan daya kecambah masih tinggi (> 85%), tetapi setelah minggu kesembilan daya kecambah terus menurun drastis sampai akhir penyimpanan menjadi 59,67%; 29,67% dan 19,67% berturut-turut pada kemasan plastik, kaleng, dan kantong terigu.81 HalamanTesis Magiste
Isolation and characterization of three members of the multigenic family encoding ACC oxidase from H. brasiliensis during plant development : [Draft]
Get PDFApplying Ethephon, an ethylene releaser, to increase rubber production in H. brasiliensis has been practised for a long time. The effect of ethylene on latex production has been amply described, notably for lengthening latex flow and its regeneration. Nevertheless, little is known about the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response to ethylene. In this paper, we isolated and characterized genes encoding ACC oxidase, a key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis in the plant. We then studied the effect of ethylene stimulation on the expression of ACO genes in various tissues during plant development. Three members of the ACO multigenic family were isolated from a bark cDNA library with RACE technology: HbACO-H4, HbACO-H5, and HbACO-O48. Full length cDNA sequences encoded for peptides of 318, 315, and 318 amino acids respectively for these 3 members, which had 79 to 92% protein identity and 75 to 86% nucleotide homology between them. Two genomic sequences were isolated: HbACO-H4, which was 1504 bp long and consisted of 2 introns and 3 exons, while Hb-ACO-H5 was 1456 bp long and consisted of 3 introns and 4 exons. These three genes were differentially expressed in different plant organs in response to ethylene stimulation
Microcutting of Hevea rubber genotype 78 and 91
No full textThe availability of clonai rootstocks of Hevea rubber is necessary to solve the problems encountered in seedling rootstocks such as high variation among plants, a lack of seeds and un certain seed season. Propagation of clonai rootstocks of rubber can be conducted by microcutting technique that is a technology based on in vitro culture. Explants used are axillary buds of young rubber seedlings at a two leaf umbrella stage. In order to propagate rubber rootstocks through microcutting technique in Indonesia, collaboration was formed between Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops (IBRIEC), Indonesian Rubber Research Institute (IRRI), and ClRAD France. In 2005 mass selection was conducted to select the best 100 genotypes from 43000 rubber seedlings derived from seeds of clone GTl, RRIM 600 and PB 260. The one hundred genotypes were then tested for their growth response to in vitro culture conditions and two ofthem i.e. genotype 78 and 91 showed the best response. Propagation ofgenotype 78 from 2007 to 2009 with 463 initial explants produced 6315 responsive explants (multiplication by 14-fold), where 2147 plantlets into acclimatization phase and 1322 explants were dead or no response. During the same period, genotype 91 with 273 initial explants produced 6703 responsive explants (multiplication by 25-fold) and 2084 plantlets into acclimatization phase. Dl/ring acclimatization, many plantlets of genotype 78, 91, and others were not survived due to unsuitable growing medium and environment conditions as weil as experimental treatments. The survival rate of plantlets was relatively low, 50 - 60 % on the best treatments. Hundreds of plants of gen 0 type 78 and 91 were produced du ring 2007 and 2009. As many as 13 plants of genotype 78 and 14 plants of genotype 91 as rootstocks were budded with ./ive difJerent recommended clones as scions and the budded success was 100%. It indicates that rootstocks derived from rubber microcutting are compatible with scions of recommended clones
Achievements and problems in the implementation of microcutting technology for clonaI rubber rootstock propagation
No full textMicrocutting is one of in vitro plant propagation methods and has been developed for rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) by using axillary buds from young seedlings as explant sources. There are some constraints to implement microcutting technology in mass propagation of Hevea such as high level of contamination, low proliferation rate, poor rooting, and difficulty in acclimatization process. Achievements and problems in the implementation this technique in Indonesia will be reported in this paper. Around 19.000 explants from 89 genotypes have been introduced in primary culture for almost 3 years (2006-2008), 40% of them loss during this stage due to contamination and no response of the explants. All healthy and good response explants had been transferred to multiplication phase. The multiplication rate was 1.3 to 1.6 per month for the best genotypes. In 2007 and 2008, around 6.000 new shoots had been introduced to conditioning phase, 80% of them have continued to rooting phase. These two stages produced about 4.000 plantlets which were then acclimatized to ex vitro conditions on different media and micro-environments. The suitable medium for vitroplants acclimatization was a mix of cocopeat, soil, sand and dung manure. Better growth and survival rate were achieved when the vitroplants were cultured inside a closed plastic tunnel placed under tree canopies. The survival rate of vitroplants, 1.5 month after weaning, has increased to 60% but still fluctuated and only 15% in average after 6 months. The survived plants with good root systems were then transferred to a shading nursery. Vitroplants and GT 1 seedlings were planted in the field for 7 months before budded with scions of PB 260 clone. All rootstocks from vitroplants and GT 1 seedlings were successfully budded with scions of PB 260. At present, budded and unbudded vitroplants are being planted in the field
OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI DAN PENEKANAN BIAYA PENYADAPAN DENGAN SISTEM SADAP INTENSITAS RENDAH
Get PDFAbstrak Pengusahaan perkebunan karet dewasa ini masih mengalami tekanan berat dan berkepanjangan, terutama akibat harganya yang rendah (±1 USD/kg). Solusi utama yang diharapkan yakni melalui aspek pasca panen (hilirisasi), namun dari aspek prapanen juga dituntut untuk memberikan solusi segera. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya suatu kajian yang komprehensif dan obyektif melalui analisis teknis dan ekonomis. Pemecahan masalah melalui pendekatan dua arah sekaligus (optimalisasi produksi dan penekanan biaya sadap), ternyata tidak mudah dilakukan. Kemungkinan rasional yang ditempuh adalah melalui orientasi produksi tinggi dengan komponen biaya normal, atau melalui pencapaian produksi normal dengan biaya rendah. Kajian berorientasi produksi tinggi dilakukan melalui penerapan penyadapan klon-klon QS (untuk wilayah Utara katulistiwa) dengan sistem sadap QS rekom, QS d4 dan Q-tap. Kajian berorientasi biaya rendah dilakukan melalui penerapan penyadapan klon-klon SS (untuk wilayah Selatan katulistiwa) dengan sistem sadap SS rekom, SS d4, SS ab (ancak besar) dan SS d6. Dari hasil pembandingan finansial, diperoleh informasi bahwa potensi keuntungan ketika harga Rp 13.600,- (85% FOB) pada tingkat biaya penyadapan langsung diperoleh pada semua sistem sadap. Potensi keuntungan pada biaya produksi tingkat kebun diperoleh pada semua sistem sadap, kecuali SS d6. Pada tingkat bahan baku (100% FOB), keuntungan tertinggi hingga terendah secara berurutan diperoleh pada sistem sadap Q-tap, QS rekom dan QS d4 (Rp 8.938.065–Rp 405.677), sedangkan pada klon SS mengalami kerugian. Dengan demikian, pengusahaan perkebunan karet (terutama saat kondisi harga rendah) pada wilayah dengan potensi klon QS sesuai menggunakan sistem sadap Q-tap, sebaliknya pada wilayah dengan potensi klon SS masih memungkinkan menggunakan SS d4. Sistem sadap SS ab meskipun memberi nilai yang lebih tinggi, kurang disarankan karena kurang sustainable. Agar pengusahaan tanaman karet menjadi lebih baik dan sustainable, perlu dikawal dengan penerapan LD secara langsung. Kata kunci :  Karet (Hevea brasiliensis), produksi optimal, penekanan biaya penyadapan, penyadapan intensitas rendah Abstract Bussiness of rubber plantation now is still has high pressure and continuing, mainly due to the low price (±1 USD/kg). The main solution that was expected was through the post-harvest aspects, but from the pre-harvest aspects are also required to provide solutions immidiately. Therefore needed a comprehensive and objective study through technical and economical analysis. Solving the problem through approach two directions at once (optimizing the yield and suppression of tapping cost), it was not easy to do. Rational possibility that taken is through high production with normal cost component or through achievement of normal production with low cost. High production-oriented study carried out through application of QS clones tapping (for the north of the equator area) with the tapping system are QS recom, QS d4 and Q-tap. Low cost oriented study carried out through application of SS clones tapping (for the southern of the equator area) with the tapping system are SS recom, SS d4, SS lt (large task) dan SS d6. Financial comparating result obtained the information that potential profits when the price is IDR 13.600,- (85% FOB) at level of direct costs of tapping obtained in all tapping systems. Potential profits at level of ex-factory cost obtained in all tapping systems, except SS d6. At the level of TSR material (100% FOB), the profits from the highest to the lowest respectively obtained in Q-tap, QS recom and QS d4 tapping system (IDR 9 million – IDR 400 tousand), while the SS clones having losses. Thus, cultivation of rubber plantations (especially when the conditions of low prices) in regions with the potential of QS clones appropriate to use Q-tap, otherwise in regions with the potensial of SS clones still allows using SS d4. Tapping system of SS lt although giving a higher value, less recommended due to lack sustainable. Bussiness of rubber plantation in order to much better and sustainable, in future need to manage with the application of LD directly. Keywords: Rubber (Hevea brassiliensis), optimal production, suppression of cost, low tapping intensit
