234 research outputs found
A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea
No full textAugustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya, Jose, Anjaly (2022): A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea. Zootaxa 5162 (2): 120-134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5162.2.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea
No full textFIGURE 1. Known distribution of Eptatretus wadgensis sp. nov., based on the type series (represents holotype and represents paratypes)Published as part of <i>Augustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya & Jose, Anjaly, 2022, A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea, pp. 120-134 in Zootaxa 5162 (2)</i> on page 122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5162.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6809918">http://zenodo.org/record/6809918</a>
FIGURE 4 in A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea
No full textFIGURE 4. Dentition of Eptatretus wadgensis sp. nov., holotype CMFRI DNR.: GC.1.1.1.1 (A. Anterior row of teeth B. Posterior row of teeth (left series) and palatine tooth (PL).Published as part of <i>Augustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya & Jose, Anjaly, 2022, A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea, pp. 120-134 in Zootaxa 5162 (2)</i> on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5162.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6809918">http://zenodo.org/record/6809918</a>
FIGURE 3 in A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea
No full textFIGURE 3. Anatomy of Eptatretus wadgensis sp. nov., Paratypes CMFRI DNR GC.1.1.1.4 Separated ventral aorta between 4th and 5th gill pouch. Branchial region (gill pouches (GP), median ventral aorta (MVA), separated ventral aorta (SVA), efferent branchial duct (EBD), dental muscle (DM), heart (H) and liver (L) (photo: K.R. Aju)Published as part of Augustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya & Jose, Anjaly, 2022, A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea, pp. 120-134 in Zootaxa 5162 (2) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5162.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/680991
FIGURE 2 in A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea
No full textFIGURE 2. (A) Holotype (B) Gill apertures (GA) Eptatretus wadgensis sp. nov., CMFRI DNR.: GC.1.1.1.1, 400mm in TL, fresh specimen (photo: K.R. Aju)Published as part of <i>Augustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya & Jose, Anjaly, 2022, A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea, pp. 120-134 in Zootaxa 5162 (2)</i> on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5162.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6809918">http://zenodo.org/record/6809918</a>
DE NOVO ASSEMBLY AND ANNOTATION OF PERNA INDICA TRANSCRIPTOME USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY
No full textSujitha Mary, Sandhya Sukumaran, Wilson Sebastian, A Gopalakrishna
Eptatretus wadgensis Augustina & Sreeram & Sukumaran & Jose 2022, sp. nov.
No full textEptatretus wadgensis sp. nov. (Common name: Wadge Bank hagfish) (Figs. 1–4, Table 1) Materials examined. Holotype. CMFRI DNR GC.1.1.1.1, 400 mm TL, female, Wadge Bank, Lakshadweep Sea, India, 7 ° 35 ΄ 14 ΄΄ N, 76 ° 45 ΄ 45 ΄΄ E, continental shelf, ~ 300 m, deep-sea bottom trawl, Jose Antony, 19 March 2021. Paratypes. CMFRI DNR GC.1.1.1.2, 325 mm TL, female, Wadge Bank, Lakshadweep Sea, India, 7 ° 27 ΄ 35 ΄΄ N, 77 ° 56 ΄ 01 ΄΄ E, continental shelf, ~ 300 m, deep-sea bottom trawl, Jose Antony, 17 April 2021; CMFRI DNR GC.1.1.1.3, 340 mm TL, male and CMFRI DNR GC.1.1.1.4, 308 mm TL, female, Wadge Bank, Lakshadweep Sea, India, 7 ° 15 ΄ 00 ΄΄ N, 77 ° 47 ΄ 33 ΄΄ E, continental shelf, ~ 250 m, deep-sea bottom trawl, Jose Antony, 15 January 2021. Diagnosis. A six-gilled species of Eptatretus with 3/3 multicusp pattern, 9–10 anterior unicusps, and 7–8 posterior unicusps; posterior tip of dental muscle reaching up to the mid-region of 2 nd gill pouch; total cusps 44–48; total pores 67–69 (prebranchial 12–13, branchial 6, trunk 39–40, and tail 8–11). Uniformly brown colouration on the dorsal and ventral region when fresh (Fig. 2A) and dark brown when preserved in formalin. Description. Collected specimens ranged from 308–400 mm TL. Morphometrics as percentage TL presented in Table 1. Body nearly cylindrical and eel-like with velvety smooth skin which lacks scales. Body slightly deeper than wide near prebranchial, branchial, and trunk regions. Cloaca and tail region strongly compressed with tail margin blunt and irregular. Rostrum short and rounded. Presence of two conspicuous eyespots on either side of head. Nasal papilla absent. Preocular length (3.6–4.6% TL) shorter than branchial length (7.7–10.6% TL). Three pairs of barbels on head with first and second short, slender, approximately equal in size (0.7–0.8% TL) and laterally arranged near nostril. Third pair of barbels slightly longer (0.8–0.9% of TL) and placed near mouth. Six gill pouches corresponding to six gill apertures arranged in straight-line approximately at equal distance. Pharyngocutaneous-duct aperture large in size, confluent with 6 th gill aperture on left side (Fig. 2B). Two rows of comb-like teeth with sharp tips slightly curved rearward. Anterior and posterior row of dentition on either side with last teeth slender and smaller in size; outer row consisting of a 3-cusp multicusp and 9–10 unicusps; inner row comprises of a 3-cusp multicusp and 7–8 unicusps; total number of cusps 44–48. Palatine tooth present with triangular shaped broad base (Fig. 4). Dental muscles broad, long with posterior tip reaching up to mid-region of 2 nd gill pouch (Fig. 3). Slime pores segmentally arranged along a straight line on either side ranging from prebranchial to tail regions. Six branchial slime pores placed posterior to six gill apertures on each side with a minor deviation in straight-line alignment of slime pores occurring downward along branchial region. Ventral aorta bifurcating at 4 th or between 4 th and 5 th gill pouch. All six EBDs are arranged in equidistance with 6 th EBD convergent with PCD on left side (Fig. 3). Ventral fin-fold low, beginning from midpoint of trunk region and extending up to cloaca. Caudal fin starts posterior to cloaca and extends around tail. Colouration: Body uniformly brown on dorsal and ventral regions in fresh specimens. First pair of large barbels dark brown, remaining two pairs of short barbels light brown. Eyespot pale or whitish. Slime pores conspicuous white spots. A dark brown colour around pale gill apertures. Ventral finfold dark brown and caudal fin reddish brown (Fig. 2A). Specimens dark brown when preserved in formalin. Distribution: Only known from Wadge Bank, Lakshadweep Sea, India Etymology: The species is named wadgensis alluding to the geographical region where it was collected.Published as part of Augustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya & Jose, Anjaly, 2022, A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea, pp. 120-134 in Zootaxa 5162 (2) on pages 122-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5162.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/680991
Xyrias anjaalai Augustina & Sreeram & Sukumaran & Jose & Sreekumar 2020, sp. nov.
No full textXyrias anjaalai sp. nov. (Common name in Indian languages Tamil and Malayalam: Anjaalai) Common name in English: Kollam snake eel (Kollam is the geographical area from which the specimens were collected). (Figs 1, 2, 3, 4 Tables 1, 2) Holotype. CMFRI.DNRNo.GB. 4.13.27.1, 640 mm in TL, female, Kollam, Kerala, India, 8 ° 50 ΄ 5 ΄΄ N, 75 ° 44 ΄ 5 ΄΄ E, on sand, ~ 290 m, deep-sea bottom trawl, Jose Antony, 16 November 2019. Paratypes. CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.2, 595 mm in TL, female; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.3, 578 mm in TL, female, CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.5, 625 mm in TL, female; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.6, 615 mm in TL, female; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.7, 630 mm in TL, female; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.8, 745 mm in TL, female; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.9, 900 mm in TL, female; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.10, 680 mm in TL, female; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.11, 425 mm in TL, male; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.12, 555 mm in TL, female, Kollam, Kerala, India, 8 ° 50 ΄ 5 ΄΄ N, 75 ° 44 ΄ 5 ΄΄ E, on sand slope, ~ 290 m, deep-sea bottom trawl, Jose Antony, 16 November 2019; CMFRI.DNRNo.GB.4.13.27.4, 565 mm in TL, male, Kollam, Kerala, India, 8 ° 41΄6΄΄N, 75 ° 38΄8΄΄E, on sand slope, ~ 347 m, deep-sea bottom trawl, Jose Antony, 11 October 2019. Diagnosis. A medium-sized species of Xyrias with head 10.5–12.1% and tail 41.2–47.2% of TL. Pectoral fin 3.7–4.5 in HL. Upper jaw elongated, 1.8–2.3 in HL. Snout short, 3.0– 3.7 in upper jaw length. Eyes moderate in size and not elevated, with a diameter of 1.4–2.0 in snout length. Irregular tooth patch of approximately six rows present in 1/10 th of lateral side of dental arch, in level with 9 th or 10 th vomerine teeth. Colouration when fresh and preserved: brown with numerous dark brown spots throughout the dorsal side of the body and pale ventrally. Mean Vertebral Formula 20/74/148, total vertebrae 147–149. Description. Body nearly cylindrical with head and trunk longer than tail; depth at gill openings 32.3–38.5 in TL, tail 2.1–2.4, and head 8.2–9.5 in TL. Snout reduced, inclined from tip to eye. Jaws elongate, upper jaw slightly protruding over lower jaw. Middle of eye at front 32–38% of upper jaw. Short tubular anterior nostrils in upper jaw oriented laterally, with presence of a minute flap. Posterior nostril succeeds anterior nostrils, opens into mouth along outer edge of upper jaw and covered by a flap extending up to anterior margin of eye. Interorbital space flat, narrow and slightly wider than eye diameter; head flat, absence of brow at intersection of uppermost postorbital bone and frontal bone. Median fins difficult to observe in preserved specimens, ending before tail tip. Dorsal-fin origin nearly double of pectoral fin length behind its tips. Pectoral fins elongated, slightly wedge-shaped, and greater than distance from snout tip to rear margin of orbit. Pectoral fin base forming an acute angle of ~ 25 ° relative to body; anterior region of pectoral fin base laterally connected to posterodistal corner of gill opening on lower half of body. Head pores small, those of mandible and preopercle conspicuous. Supraorbital pores 1+4, infraorbital pores 4+2, mandibular pores 5, supratemporal pores 2, and a single frontal pore, lateral-line pores before GO 7–10, lateralline pores before dorsal fin 17–22, lateral-line pores before anal fin 70–78, and preopercular pores absent (Fig. 3). Teeth needle-like and conical, slightly recurved. In maxilla, anteriorly a pair of fang-like teeth with two pairs of smaller teeth preceding. Dentition on maxilla consisting of an outer series of close-set, curved uniserial teeth, oriented posteriorly. Inner series consisting of multiple rows, with a single row of teeth up to level of 3 rd vomerine tooth, a second row beginning from level of 3 rd vomerine tooth, a 3 rd row beginning at level of 4 th vomerine tooth between two existing rows, and posterior portion of teeth irregularly in six rows. Vomerine teeth uniserial (6–10); 1 st, 6 th, 8 th, 9 th and 10 th smaller in size, and 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th and 7 th larger. In two paratypes, 4 th vomerine tooth comparatively small in size. In two paratype vomerine tooth missing; sockets visible under microscope. Mandibular teeth uniserial. Anterior symphysis of mandible lacking teeth. Second and fourth teeth prominently larger than others, arranged as pairs with another side (Fig. 4). Colouration pale on ventral surface and pale brown with dark brown spots on dorsal surface above lateral midline. Presence of closely packed dark brown spots near head region. Black spots on lower jaw, even after preservation. Two black patches on either side of pupil and orangish-red dorsal fin, distinguishable only in fresh specimens. Pectoral fins pale brown with numerous dark spots towards pectoral-fin base. Anal fins pale brown in preserved and fresh specimens, presence of red colouration in anal region observed in fresh specimens. Peritoneum pale (Fig. 1). Distribution: Only known from off Kollam, Kerala, India. Etymology: The species is named anjaalai in reference to the common name of the eel anjaalai which is used among Malayalam and Tamil-speaking local fishing communities in the southern parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of India. Molecular data. Among the four previously described species of Xyrias genus, only sequences of X. revulsus are available. To this group, the present study adds the DNA sequences of X. anjaalai which will serve for rapid identification of the species in future. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using 45 sequences of CO1 gene from 16 different species belonging to the subfamily Ophichthinae (Fig. 5). Xyrias revulsus and X. anjaalai showed distinct clustering among species with significant posterior probabilities. The genetic divergence among the species of the Ophichthinae ranges from 0.6% to 24.0% with an overall mean genetic divergence 18.0%. Within-group mean Kimura 2P distance of X. anjaalai and X. revulsus is 0.2 and 0.0% respectively. Kimura 2P distance percentage values (Table 3) between species showed the new species is closest to X. revulsus (0.6%) followed by Apterichtus klazingai (Weber, 1913) (2.8%).Published as part of Augustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya, Jose, Anjaly & Sreekumar, K. M., 2020, A new deep-water species of snake eel, Xyrias anjaalai sp. nov. (Anguilliformes Ophichthidae), from the Western Indian Ocean, pp. 577-587 in Zootaxa 4822 (4) on pages 579-581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/445127
Eptatretus
No full textIndian Ocean Eptatretus species Seven Eptatretus species have hitherto been recorded from the Indian Ocean, namely E. alastairi; E. hexatrema; E. longipinnis; E.strahani McMillan & Wisner, 1984; E. octatrema Barnard, 1923; E. indrambaryai Wongratana, 1984 and E. gomoni Mincarone & Fernholm, 2010 (Wongratana 1983; McMillan & Wisner 1984; Mincarone & Fernholm 2010; Mincarone 2017), along with the recently recorded Eptatretus sp. ‘INDIA’ (Fernholm et al. 2017), whose validity as a separate species is hitherto undecided. A comparison of the morphological characters of E. wadgensis with these species clearly indicates its uniqueness. The only other Indian Ocean six-gilled species with a 3/3 multicusp pattern is E. alastairi, which differs from E. wadgensis by its number of total pores (83–88 vs. 67–69), total cusps (48–54 vs. 44–48) and ventral aorta branching at 5–6 th gill pouch (vs. 4th to 5th gill pouch). A dichotomous key to the Indian Ocean species is provided. Excluding E. longipinnis and Eptatretus sp. ‘INDIA’, no molecular data of other Indian Ocean species is currently available. Knowledge of Indian hagfish species is hitherto very limited since they are not commercially important and occur infrequently in bycatch. Eptatretus wadgensis is currently recorded from ~ 250–300 m depth. Deep-sea fishing in India is presently restricted to ~ 500 m. This fishery is on the threshold of large-scale expansion in Indian waters. The scarce collection of hagfishes from fishery bycatch and scientific explorations will likely improve with focused study on the ecology, biology and molecular data for the Indian Ocean hagfish species and add to the current knowledge of diversity and systematics. Key to species of Eptatretus from the Indian Ocean 1a. Seven pairs of gill pouches..................................................................... E. strahani 1b. Six or eight pairs of gill pouches......................................................................... 2 2a. Eight pairs of gill pouches.............................................................................. 3 2b. Six pairs of gill pouches............................................................................... 4 3a. Total dental cusps 50........................................................................... E. gomoni 3b. Total dental cusps less than 50........................................................................... 5 4a. Multicusp pattern 3/2.................................................................................. 6 4b. Multicusp pattern 3/3.................................................................................. 7 5a. Total slime pores 104–117..................................................................... E. octatrema 5b. Total slime pores 78–80.................................................................... E. indrambaryai 6a. Total dental cusps 44-49....................................................................... E. hexatrema 6b. Total dental cusps 30........................................................................ E. longipinnis 7a. Total slime pores 83–88........................................................................ E. alastairi 7b. Total slime pores 67–69............................................................... E. wadgensis sp. nov.Published as part of Augustina, Treasa, Sreeram, Miriam Paul, Sukumaran, Sandhya & Jose, Anjaly, 2022, A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea, pp. 120-134 in Zootaxa 5162 (2) on pages 131-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5162.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/680991
Tharangam 2013-14
No full textCMFRI is the oldest Marine Fisheries Research Institute in India having devoted Scientists and Researchers
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